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Bir Pediatrik Yanık Ünitesinde Gelişen Hastane Enfeksiyonları, İzole Edilen Mikroorganizmalar ve Antibiyotik Dirençleri

Year 2014, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 171 - 175, 01.04.2014

Abstract

Amaç: Çocukluk çağında en sık karşılaşılan yanıklar termal yanıklardır ve genellikle ev kazaları sonucunda meydana gelirler. Yanık nedeni ile hastaneye yatırılan hastalarda mortalite ve morbiditenin en önemli sebebi sepsistir. Çalışmamızın amacı, üç yıllık bir sürede pediatrik yanık ünitemizde gelişen hastane enfeksiyonlarını, izole edilen mikroorganizmaları ve direnç paternlerini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya hastanemiz Yanık Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde (YYBÜ) 1 Ocak 2009- 31 Ekim 2012 tarihleri arasında yatan hastalar alındı. Hastaya ve laboratuvara dayalı aktif sürveyans yöntemi ile prospektif izlenen hastaların nozokomiyal enfeksiyon (NE) tanıları “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)” kriterlerine göre konuldu. Enfeksiyon hızları da National Nosocomial Infections Survelliance (NNIS) sistemine göre hesaplandı.Bulgular: Çalışma süresince yanık ünitemizde toplam 576 hasta izlendi. Bu hastaların 42 (%7.2)’sinde 64 nozokomiyal enfeksiyon epizodu gelişti. Bu nozokomiyal enfeksiyonların dağılımını incelediğimizde ilk sırada yanık yarası enfeksiyonu (%64), ikinci sırada baktereyemi-kan dolaşımı enfeksiyonu (%23.4), üçüncü sırada üriner sistem enfeksiyonu (%4.6) saptandı. Enfeksiyon etkeni olarak en sık Gramnegatif bakteriler (%42.6) izole edilirken, ikinci sırada mantarlar (%29.5) üçüncü sırada ise Gram pozitif bakteriler (%27.8) yer almaktaydı. Gram negatif mikroorganizmaların antibiyotik direnç oranları hesaplandı.Sonuç: Yanıklı ve hastanede yatan hastalar, hastane enfeksiyonlarına oldukça duyarlıdır. Özellikle yanığı olan pediatrik hastaların takip ve tedavisi multidisipliner bir yaklaşım gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle hastaların doğru ve etkin yönetimi için her yanık ünitesinin kendi hasta popülasyonu ve enfeksiyon etkenlerini belirleyerek uygun antibiyotik stratejileri geliştirmesi çok önemlidir.

References

  • Trilla A. Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in adult intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 1994;20:1-4.
  • Wolf M, Brun-Buisson C, Lode H, Mathai D, Lewi D, Pitted D. The changing epidemiology of severe infections in the ICU. Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997;3:36-47.
  • HoWs, Ying SY. An epidemiological study of 1063 hospitalized burn patients in a tertiary burns centre in Hong Kong. Burns 2001;27:119-23.
  • Mozingo DW, Mc Manus AT, Pruitt BA. Infections of burn wounds. In: Bennett JV, Brachman PS (eds). Hospital Infections. 4th ed. Philadelphia, New York: Lippincott Raven, 1998:587-97.
  • Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance defi nition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specifi c types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:309-32.
  • National Nosocomial Infections Survelliance (NNIS) System Report, Data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004;32:470-85.
  • Pittet D, Harbarth SJ. The intensive care unit. In: Bennett JV, Bracham PS (eds). Hospital Infections. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998:338-402.
  • Tabak F. Yoğun Bakım İnfeksiyonları: Tanımlar ve Epidemiyoloji. Arman D, Köksal İ, Çakar N. Yoğun Bakım İnfeksiyonları. Ankara: Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi, 2005:45-51.
  • John PH, Martin CR. Infection control in burn patients. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 1986; 13: 39-46.
  • Greenfi eld E, McManus AT. Burn management. Infectious complications prevention and strategies for their control. Nurse Clinical North America 1997;32:297-309.
  • Gastmeier P, Weigt O, Sohr D, Ruden H. Comparison of hospital– acquired infection rates in pediatric burn patients. J Hosp Infect 2002;52:161-5.
  • Weber JM, Sheridan RL, Pasternack MS, Tompkins RG.
  • Nosocomial infections in pediatric patients with burns. Am J Infect Control 1997;25:195-201.
  • Öncül O, Öksüz S, Acar A, Ülkür E, Turhan V, Uygur F, et al. Nosocomial infection characteristics in a burn intensive care unit: Analysis of an eleven-year active surveillance. Burns 2013;4179:362-8.
  • Pruitt BA, McManus AT. The changing epidemiology of infection in burn patients. World J Surg 1992;16:57-67.
  • Aldemir M, Geyik F, Yılmaz G, Uçmak H, Taçyıldız İ, Hoşoğlu S. Yanık ünitesinin hastane enfeksiyonları (İki yıllık çalışma). Ulusal Travma Dergisi 2000;6:138-141
  • McManus AT, Mason AD Jr, McManus WF, Pruitt BA Jr. A decade of reduced gram negative infections on mortality associated with improved isolation of burn patients. Arch Surg 1994;129:1306-9
  • Luo G, Peng Y, Yuan Z, Cheng W, Wu J, Fitzgerald M. Yeast from burn patients at a major burn centre of China. Burns 2005;31:471-5

The Evaluation of Nosocomial Infections, Isolated Microorganisms and Antibiotic Resistance in a Pediatric Burn Unit

Year 2014, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 171 - 175, 01.04.2014

Abstract

Objective: The most frequent burns in childhood are thermal burns and occur during accidents at home. The most common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for burn is sepsis. In this study we assessed nosocomial infections, isolated microorganisms and antibiotic resistance patterns in a pediatric burn unit.Material and Methods: Patients hospitalized between January 1, 2009 and October 31 2012 in the burn units of our hospital were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of nosocomial infection in the patients prospectively followed was made using patient- and laboratory-centered active surveillance. Infection rates were calculated according to the Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system.Results: A total of 576 patients were followed up during the study period. In 42 of these patients (7.2%), 64 nosocomial infections developed. The distribution of these nosocomial infections revealed burn wound infections (64%), bacteremiabloodstream infections (23.4%) and urinary tract infections (4.6%). The most frequent causative agents were gramnegative bacteria (42.7%), followed by fungi (29.5%) and gram-positive bacteria (27.8%). Antibiotic resistance patterns of gram-negative microorganisms were assessed. Conclusion: Patients hospitalized with burns are very susceptible to nosocomial infections. The treatment and follow up of pediatric patients with burns requires a multidisciplinary approach. Development of appropriate antibiotic strategies and detection of causative agents in the respective patient population of each burn unit are therefore of paramount importance in the accurate and effective management of these patients

References

  • Trilla A. Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in adult intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 1994;20:1-4.
  • Wolf M, Brun-Buisson C, Lode H, Mathai D, Lewi D, Pitted D. The changing epidemiology of severe infections in the ICU. Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997;3:36-47.
  • HoWs, Ying SY. An epidemiological study of 1063 hospitalized burn patients in a tertiary burns centre in Hong Kong. Burns 2001;27:119-23.
  • Mozingo DW, Mc Manus AT, Pruitt BA. Infections of burn wounds. In: Bennett JV, Brachman PS (eds). Hospital Infections. 4th ed. Philadelphia, New York: Lippincott Raven, 1998:587-97.
  • Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance defi nition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specifi c types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:309-32.
  • National Nosocomial Infections Survelliance (NNIS) System Report, Data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004;32:470-85.
  • Pittet D, Harbarth SJ. The intensive care unit. In: Bennett JV, Bracham PS (eds). Hospital Infections. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998:338-402.
  • Tabak F. Yoğun Bakım İnfeksiyonları: Tanımlar ve Epidemiyoloji. Arman D, Köksal İ, Çakar N. Yoğun Bakım İnfeksiyonları. Ankara: Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi, 2005:45-51.
  • John PH, Martin CR. Infection control in burn patients. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 1986; 13: 39-46.
  • Greenfi eld E, McManus AT. Burn management. Infectious complications prevention and strategies for their control. Nurse Clinical North America 1997;32:297-309.
  • Gastmeier P, Weigt O, Sohr D, Ruden H. Comparison of hospital– acquired infection rates in pediatric burn patients. J Hosp Infect 2002;52:161-5.
  • Weber JM, Sheridan RL, Pasternack MS, Tompkins RG.
  • Nosocomial infections in pediatric patients with burns. Am J Infect Control 1997;25:195-201.
  • Öncül O, Öksüz S, Acar A, Ülkür E, Turhan V, Uygur F, et al. Nosocomial infection characteristics in a burn intensive care unit: Analysis of an eleven-year active surveillance. Burns 2013;4179:362-8.
  • Pruitt BA, McManus AT. The changing epidemiology of infection in burn patients. World J Surg 1992;16:57-67.
  • Aldemir M, Geyik F, Yılmaz G, Uçmak H, Taçyıldız İ, Hoşoğlu S. Yanık ünitesinin hastane enfeksiyonları (İki yıllık çalışma). Ulusal Travma Dergisi 2000;6:138-141
  • McManus AT, Mason AD Jr, McManus WF, Pruitt BA Jr. A decade of reduced gram negative infections on mortality associated with improved isolation of burn patients. Arch Surg 1994;129:1306-9
  • Luo G, Peng Y, Yuan Z, Cheng W, Wu J, Fitzgerald M. Yeast from burn patients at a major burn centre of China. Burns 2005;31:471-5
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA45PG89NM
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Meliha Çağla Sönmezer This is me

Hasan Tezer This is me

Emrah Şenel This is me

Aslınur Parlakay This is me

Saliha Kanik Yüksek This is me

Belgin Gülhan This is me

Halil İbrahim Yakut This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2014
Submission Date April 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Sönmezer MÇ, Tezer H, Şenel E, Parlakay A, Yüksek SK, Gülhan B, Yakut Hİ. The Evaluation of Nosocomial Infections, Isolated Microorganisms and Antibiotic Resistance in a Pediatric Burn Unit. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2014;8(4):171-5.


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