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Hipotonik İnfantların Ayırıcı Tanısında Algoritma Faydalı mıdır? 53 Olgunun Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2013, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 128 - 133, 01.10.2013

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hipotonik bebeklerin tanı profilini belirlemek ve tanı sürecinde bir algoritmanın gerekliliğini analiz etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya hipotoni şikayetiyle kabul edilen 53 hasta dahil edildi. Hipotonik bebekler klinik bulgularına göre iki gruba ayrıldı: Santral ve periferik. Klinik verilerin analizi ve araştırmaların sonuçlarıyla altı basamaklı bir algoritma oluşturuldu. Bulgular: Otuz sekiz hastada santral hipotoni ve 15 hastada periferik hipotoni mevcuttu. Santral hipotonili hastalara dikkatli bir anamnez ve fizik muayeneden sonra basit karyotip analizi ve kranial görüntüleme ile %57.8 oranında tanı konulabildi. Nörometabolik hastalıklara daha ileri tetkiklerle tanı konuldu. Birinci basamak (klinik veriler ve fizik muayene) ve 2. basamak (kranial BT, MRI) 21 hastanın tanısını çözdü. Üçüncü basamakta (dismorfik bulgularla literatür taraması) ve dördüncü basamak (karyotip analizi) sonunda 6 hastanın tanı alması sağlandı. Beşinci basamakta biyokimyasal testlerle hastaların % 15’ine tanı konuldu. Altıncı basamaktaki testler (CK, EMG, SMA ve KMD için DNA analizi, kas biopsisi) 7 hasta için tanı koydurucuydu. Kalan dokuz hastaya tanı konulamadı. Sonuç: Hipotonik infantların sistemik değerlendirilmesinde gereksiz tanı koydurucu işlemlerin yapılmasını önlemek amacıyla bir algoritmanın kullanılması yararlı olacaktır.

References

  • Prasad AN, Prasad C. The floppy infant: Contributions of genetic and metabolic disorders. Brain Dev 2003;25:457-76.
  • Fenichel GM. The hypotonic Infant. In: Fenichel GM (ed). Clinical Pediatric Neurology: A Signs and Symptoms Approach. Saunders: Elsevier 2009:153-76.
  • Demir E, Aynacı M, Topaloğlu H. Hipotonik infant. Türkiye Klinikleri Dergisi 2003;1:106-12.
  • Topaloğlu H. Hipotonik bebek. Güncel Pediatri Dergisi 2007;3(5): 80-4.
  • Prasad AN, Prasad C. Genetic evaluation of the floppy infant. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2011;16:99-108.
  • Richer LP, Shevell MI, Miller SP. Diagnostic profile of neonatal hypotonia: An 11-year study. Pediatr Neurol 2001;25:32-7.
  • Paro-Panjan D, Neubauer D. Congenital hypotonia: Is there an algorithm? J Child Neurol 2004;19:439-42.
  • Peredo DE, Hannibal MC. The floppy infant: Evaluation of hypotonia. Pediatr in Rev 2009;30:e66-76.
  • Dua T, Das M, Kabra M, Bhatia M, Sarkar C, Arora S, et al. Spectrum of floppy children in Indian scenario. Indian Pediatr 2001;38:1236- 43.
  • 10. Birdi K, Prasad AN, Prasad C, Chodirker B, Chudley AE. The floppy infant: Retrospective analysis of clinical experience (1990-2000) in a tertiary care facility. J Child Neurol 2005;20:803-8.
  • 11. Fenichel GM. Hypotonia, Arthrogryposis, and Rigidity. In: Fenichel GM (ed). Neonatal Neurology. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2007:37-68.
  • 12. Aicardi J. Aicardi Syndrome. Brain Dev 2005;27:164-71.
  • 13. Ekici B, Bozkurt B, Tatlı B, Calışkan M, Aydınlı N, Ozmen M. Demographic characteristics of SMA type 1 patients at a tertiary center in Turkey. Eur J Pediatr 2012;171:549-52.
  • 14. Wee CD, Kong L, Sumner CJ. The genetics of spinal muscular atrophies. Curr Opin Neurol 2010;23:450-58.
  • 15. Zadeh N, Hudgins L. The genetic approach to Hypotonia in the neonate. Neoreviews 2009;10:e600-6.
  • 16. Özaydın E, Yalçın F, Gündüz M, Köse G. Konjenital glikozilasyon bozukluğu Tip II. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg 2012;6:47-53.
  • 17. Coşkun T. Konjenital glikozilasyon bozuklukları. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi 2004;25:1090-120.
  • 18. Engel AG, Ohno K, Sine SM. Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. In: Engel AG (ed). Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Disorders. New York: Oxford University Pres, 1999:251-97.
  • 19. Carboni P, Pisani F, Crescenzi A, Villani C. Congenital hypotonia with favourable outcome. Pediatr Neurol 2002;26:383-6.
  • 20. Ivanovich J,Mallory S,Storer T, Liske D, Hing A. 12-year-old male with Elejalde syndrome (neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease). Am J Med Genet 2001;98:313-6.

Is an Algorithm Useful in the Differential Diagnosis of the Hypotonic Infant? Evaluation of 53 Cases

Year 2013, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 128 - 133, 01.10.2013

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic profile of infants with hypotonia and to analyze the necessity of an algorithm in the diagnostic process.Material and Methods: Fifty-three patients admitted with the complaint of hypotonia were included in the study. The hypotonic infants were divided into two groups: central and peripheral hypotonia. An algorithm containing six steps was constructed with the analysis of clinical data and results of investigations. Results: Thirty-eight infants had central hypotonia and 15 had peripheral hypotonia. Through a careful medical history and physical examination, a diagnosis was made in 57.8% of the patients with hypotonia by a simple karyotype analysis and cranial MRI. The neurometabolic diseases were diagnosed with further investigations. Step 1 (clinical data and physical examination) and Step 2 (cranial CT, MRI) provided the diagnosis of 21 patients. Step 3 (literature search with dysmorphic findings) and Step 4 (karyotype analysis) contributed to the diagnosis of 6 patients. The diagnosis required biochemical tests in Step 5 in 15 percent of the patients. The Step 6 tests (CK, EMG, DNA analysis for SMA and CMD, muscle biopsy) were diagnostic for 7 patients. The remaining nine patients could not be diagnosed. Conclusion: An algorithm would be useful for the systematic evaluation of hypotonic infants to prevent unnecessary diagnostic procedures

References

  • Prasad AN, Prasad C. The floppy infant: Contributions of genetic and metabolic disorders. Brain Dev 2003;25:457-76.
  • Fenichel GM. The hypotonic Infant. In: Fenichel GM (ed). Clinical Pediatric Neurology: A Signs and Symptoms Approach. Saunders: Elsevier 2009:153-76.
  • Demir E, Aynacı M, Topaloğlu H. Hipotonik infant. Türkiye Klinikleri Dergisi 2003;1:106-12.
  • Topaloğlu H. Hipotonik bebek. Güncel Pediatri Dergisi 2007;3(5): 80-4.
  • Prasad AN, Prasad C. Genetic evaluation of the floppy infant. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2011;16:99-108.
  • Richer LP, Shevell MI, Miller SP. Diagnostic profile of neonatal hypotonia: An 11-year study. Pediatr Neurol 2001;25:32-7.
  • Paro-Panjan D, Neubauer D. Congenital hypotonia: Is there an algorithm? J Child Neurol 2004;19:439-42.
  • Peredo DE, Hannibal MC. The floppy infant: Evaluation of hypotonia. Pediatr in Rev 2009;30:e66-76.
  • Dua T, Das M, Kabra M, Bhatia M, Sarkar C, Arora S, et al. Spectrum of floppy children in Indian scenario. Indian Pediatr 2001;38:1236- 43.
  • 10. Birdi K, Prasad AN, Prasad C, Chodirker B, Chudley AE. The floppy infant: Retrospective analysis of clinical experience (1990-2000) in a tertiary care facility. J Child Neurol 2005;20:803-8.
  • 11. Fenichel GM. Hypotonia, Arthrogryposis, and Rigidity. In: Fenichel GM (ed). Neonatal Neurology. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2007:37-68.
  • 12. Aicardi J. Aicardi Syndrome. Brain Dev 2005;27:164-71.
  • 13. Ekici B, Bozkurt B, Tatlı B, Calışkan M, Aydınlı N, Ozmen M. Demographic characteristics of SMA type 1 patients at a tertiary center in Turkey. Eur J Pediatr 2012;171:549-52.
  • 14. Wee CD, Kong L, Sumner CJ. The genetics of spinal muscular atrophies. Curr Opin Neurol 2010;23:450-58.
  • 15. Zadeh N, Hudgins L. The genetic approach to Hypotonia in the neonate. Neoreviews 2009;10:e600-6.
  • 16. Özaydın E, Yalçın F, Gündüz M, Köse G. Konjenital glikozilasyon bozukluğu Tip II. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg 2012;6:47-53.
  • 17. Coşkun T. Konjenital glikozilasyon bozuklukları. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi 2004;25:1090-120.
  • 18. Engel AG, Ohno K, Sine SM. Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. In: Engel AG (ed). Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Disorders. New York: Oxford University Pres, 1999:251-97.
  • 19. Carboni P, Pisani F, Crescenzi A, Villani C. Congenital hypotonia with favourable outcome. Pediatr Neurol 2002;26:383-6.
  • 20. Ivanovich J,Mallory S,Storer T, Liske D, Hing A. 12-year-old male with Elejalde syndrome (neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease). Am J Med Genet 2001;98:313-6.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA65KR52EE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Eda Özaydın This is me

Turgut Ürey This is me

Mehmet Gündüz This is me

Alev Güven This is me

Gülşen Köse This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2013
Submission Date October 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Özaydın E, Ürey T, Gündüz M, Güven A, Köse G. Is an Algorithm Useful in the Differential Diagnosis of the Hypotonic Infant? Evaluation of 53 Cases. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2013;7(3):128-33.


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