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Perkutan Böbrek İğne Biyopsisi Yapılan Çocuklarda Renal Hematom Değerlendirilmesinde Ultrasonografi ve Bilgisayarlı Tomografinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2012, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 221 - 227, 01.04.2012

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmada merkezimizde perkutan böbrek iğne biyopsisi (PBİB) yapılan hastalarda kanama komplikasyonlarının belirlenmesinde renal ultrasonografi (USG) ve bilgisayarlı tomografinin (BT) güvenilirliği araştırılmış, hastalar ayrıca biyopsi endikasyonları, komplikasyonlar ve histopatolojik bulgular açısından da değerlendirilmiştir.Yöntem: Ekim 1998-Şubat 2011 tarihleri arasında PBİB yapılan, eş zamanlı renal USG ve BT çekilen 123 çocuk retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik bulguları, biyopsi endikasyonları, komplikasyonlar ve histopatolojik bulguları dosyalarından kaydedildi. Biyopsi sonrası kontrol USG ve BT bulguları karşılaştırıldı, renal hematom boyutları 10 mm’den küçük ve büyük olarak gruplandırıldı.Bulgular: Yüz yirmi üç hastaya (65 erkek, 58 kız) PBİB uygulandı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 9.87±3.63 (2.1-17.4) yıl idi. Biyopsi sonrası renal hematom dışında minör komplikasyon 76 (% 61.8) hastada izlendi. Elli hastada makroskopik hematüri, 14 hastada izole mikroskopik hematüri, 35 hastada lokal ağrı gözlendi.Ultrasonografide 65 (% 52.9), BT’de ise 104 (% 84.6) hastada renal hematom görüldü. Ultrasonografide hematomu olmayan 58 hastanın 36’sında BT’de 10 mm ve altında, üçünde ise 10 mm den büyük hematom izlendi. Bu hastaların izleminde hayatı tehdit eden önemli bir komplikasyon ve organ kaybı gelişmedi. Renal hematomun saptanmasında BT, USG’ye göre daha hassas bulundu (p= 0,03).Sonuç: Ultrasonografi eşliğinde yapılan PBİB güvenli bir işlem olup minör komplikasyonlar sıklıkla görülmektedir. Bilgisayarlı tomografi renal hematomu göstermede USG’ye göre daha hassas olmakla birlikte, USG’leri normal olan ya da 10 mm ve altında hematom saptanan hastalarda ciddi komplikasyon gelişme oranı düşük olduğu için, BT klinik izleme göre seçilmiş hastalara uygulanmalıdır.

References

  • Kim D, Kim H, Shin G, Ku S, Ma K, Shin S et al. A ramdomized, prospective, comparative study of manual with automated renal bi- opsies. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32(3):426-31.
  • Nammalwar BR, Vijayakumar M, Prahland N. Experience of re- nal biopsy in children with nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2006;2(2):286-8.
  • Skalova S, Rejtar P. Safety profile of paediatric percutaneo- us ultrasonography-guided renal biopsies. Singapore Med J 2010;51(6):481-3.
  • Bohlin AB, Edström S, Almgren B, Jaremko G, Jorulf H. Renal bi- opsy in children: indications, technique and efficacy in 119 conse- cutive cases. Pediatr Nephrol 1995;9(2):201-3.
  • Skalova S, Podhola M, Rejtar P. Paediatric renal biopsies in East Bo- hemia. Single centre experience in the years 1997-2008. Acta Me- dica 2009;52(4):141-7.
  • Kamitsuji H, Yoshioka K, Ito H. Percutaneous renal biopsy in child- ren: survey of pediatric nephrologists in Japan. Pediatr Nephrol 1999;13(8):693-6.
  • Rosenbaum R, Hoffsten PE, Stanley RJ, Klahr S. Use of compute- rized tomography to diagnose complications of percutaneous re- nal biopsy. Kidney Int 1978;14(1):87-928- Ginsburg JC, Frans- man SL, Singer MA, Cohanim M, Morrin PA. Use of computeri- zed tomography to evaluate bleeding after renal biopsy. Nephron 1980;26(5):240-3.
  • Alter AJ, Zimmerman S, Kirachaiwanich C. Computerized tomog- raphic assesment of retroperitoneal hemorrhage after percutaneous renal biopsy. Arch Intern Med 1980;140(10):1323-6.
  • Demircin G, Delibaş A, Bek K, Erdogan O, Bülbül M, Baysun S, et al. A one-center experience with pediatric percutaneous re- nal biopsy and histopathology in Ankara, Turkey. Int Urol Neprol 2009;41(4):933-9.
  • Tarif N, Dunne PM, Parachuru PR, Bakir AA. Life-threatening he- maturia from an arteriovenous fistula complicating an open renal biopsy. Nephron 1998;80(1):66-70.
  • Rüth EM, Dittrich K, Jüngert J, Uder M, Rascher W, Dötsch J. Suc- cessful interventional treatment of arteriovenous fistula after kid- ney biopsy in paediatric patients-a report of three cases Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23(10):3215-8.
  • Özdemir S, Çekirge S, Kara A, Bakkaloğlu A. A rare complication of renal biopsy in a child with membranoproliferative glomerulo- nephritis. International Urology and Nephrology 1998;30(6):689- 92.
  • Sasaki N, Joashi UC, Vergara M, Saland JM, Love BA. Postrenal biopsy AVM leading to severe hypertension and dilated cardiom- yopathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24(12):2459-62.
  • Absar A, Diamond M, Sonia Y, Arshalooz R, Safia A, Wagar K, et al. Ten year experience of pediatric kidney biopsies from a single center in Pakistan. Indian J Nephrol 2010; 20(4):190-2.
  • Pio D, Figueiredo S, Silva P, Nunes S, Costa T, Carvalho E, et al. Renal biopsies in children. A twelve year review. Port J Nephrol Hypert 2010;24(3):215-21.
  • Naumovic R, Pavlovic S, Stojkovic D, Jovanovic GB, Nesic V. Re- nal biopsy registry from a single centre in Serbia: 20 years of ex- perience. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24(3):877-85.
  • Ataş B, Tuncer O, Arslan Ş, Turhan S, Çaksen H, Bayram İ. Altı yıl- lık perkütan böbrek biyopsi sonuçlarımızın analizi. Tıp Araştırma- ları Dergisi 2005;3(3):19-22.
  • Piotto GHM, Moraes MCM, Malheiros D, Saldanha LB, Koch VHK. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy in child- ren safety, efficacy, indications and renal pathology findings: 14 year Brazilian University Hospital experience. Clin Nephrol 2008;69(6):417-24.
  • Piqueras AI, White RHR, Raafat F, Moghal N, Milford DV. Renal biopsy diagnosis in children presenting with haematuria. Pediatr Nephrol 1998(5);12:386-91.

COMPARISON OF RENAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF RENAL HEMATOMA IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS RENAL BIOPSY

Year 2012, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 221 - 227, 01.04.2012

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to compare the reliability of renal ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) in determining renal bleeding complications of children undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB), and besides to, we evaluated the biopsies in terms of indications, complications and histopathological findings. Method: 123 children that both renal USG and CT could be performed at 24-hour post-PRB from October 1998 through February 2011were included in the study. The demographic findings, biopsy indications, complications and histopathological findings were recorded retrospectively from the files of the patients. Renal hematoma was classified according to its size less or greater than 10 mm Results: The mean age of 123 (65 males, 58 females) children was 9.87 ± 3.63 (2.1-17.4) years. Post-biopsy minor complication was observed in 76 (61%) patients. The most common complications were macroscopic hematuria in 50, isolated microscopic hematuria in 14 and flank pain in 35 patients. Renal hematoma was demonstrated in 65 (52.9%) patients by USG and in 104 (84.6%) patients by CT 24 h after biyopsy. Renal hematoma was not detected in 58 patients by USG whereas CT demonstrated hematoma smaller than 10 mm in 36 and greater than 10 mm in three of these patients. There was no biopsy associated life threatening complication resulting in death or nephrectomy. Computed tomography was found to be more sensitive than USG for detection of renal hematoma (p=0,03)Conclusion: Ultrasonography guided PRB is a safe procedure with minor complications. Computed tomography is more sensitive than USG in demonstrating renal hematoma, however, it should be applied to selected patients according to clinical monitoring due to low rate of serious complications in patients with normal USG or with renal hematoma smaller than 10 mm.Key words: Renal biopsy, hematoma, computorized tomography, complication, childrenları alınmış idi. Çalışma Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi etik kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Onay no: B.30.2.MAR.0.01.02/AEK/120119842). Hastalara 0.1 mg/kg İV (maksimum 5 mg) midazolamile sedasyon uygulandıktan sonra USG eşliğinde yaşına uygun olarak 14 veya 16 gauge True-Cut tam otomatik tek kullanımlık iğne ile PBİB yapıldı. Hastalar işlem boyunca monitorize edilerek kalp tepe atımı (KTA), arter kan basıncı (KB), oksijen saturasyonu (SaO2) izlendi. Doku örnekleri ışık, immun floresan ve elektron mikroskopisinde incelendi. Hastalar işlem sonrası 24 saat süreyle rutin biyopsi takip protokolüne göre izlendi. İlk bir saatte 15 dakika aralarla, sonraki 2. saatte 30 dakika aralarla KTA, KB, lokal ağrı, hematüri açısından izlendi, hematokrit takibi ve idrarın mikroskopik incelemesi yapıldı. Biyopsiden 24 saat sonra böbrek USG’si ve ailenin onamı ile sadece biyopsi yapılan böbreğin alt polünü gösteren sınırlı alandan kesit alınarak BT çekildi. Hematomun boyutları, derinliğinin en geniş yeri ölçülerek belirlendi, 10 mm ve altı ve 10 mm’den büyük olarak gruplandırıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ortalama ±standart sapma olarak belirtildi. Hematom boyutlarının değerlendirilmesinde Stuart-Maxwell testi kullanıldı, USG’nin duyarlılık ve özgüllüğü hesaplandı. Sonuçlar % 95 güven aralığında değerlendirildi, P<0,05 anlamlı kabul edildi

References

  • Kim D, Kim H, Shin G, Ku S, Ma K, Shin S et al. A ramdomized, prospective, comparative study of manual with automated renal bi- opsies. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32(3):426-31.
  • Nammalwar BR, Vijayakumar M, Prahland N. Experience of re- nal biopsy in children with nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2006;2(2):286-8.
  • Skalova S, Rejtar P. Safety profile of paediatric percutaneo- us ultrasonography-guided renal biopsies. Singapore Med J 2010;51(6):481-3.
  • Bohlin AB, Edström S, Almgren B, Jaremko G, Jorulf H. Renal bi- opsy in children: indications, technique and efficacy in 119 conse- cutive cases. Pediatr Nephrol 1995;9(2):201-3.
  • Skalova S, Podhola M, Rejtar P. Paediatric renal biopsies in East Bo- hemia. Single centre experience in the years 1997-2008. Acta Me- dica 2009;52(4):141-7.
  • Kamitsuji H, Yoshioka K, Ito H. Percutaneous renal biopsy in child- ren: survey of pediatric nephrologists in Japan. Pediatr Nephrol 1999;13(8):693-6.
  • Rosenbaum R, Hoffsten PE, Stanley RJ, Klahr S. Use of compute- rized tomography to diagnose complications of percutaneous re- nal biopsy. Kidney Int 1978;14(1):87-928- Ginsburg JC, Frans- man SL, Singer MA, Cohanim M, Morrin PA. Use of computeri- zed tomography to evaluate bleeding after renal biopsy. Nephron 1980;26(5):240-3.
  • Alter AJ, Zimmerman S, Kirachaiwanich C. Computerized tomog- raphic assesment of retroperitoneal hemorrhage after percutaneous renal biopsy. Arch Intern Med 1980;140(10):1323-6.
  • Demircin G, Delibaş A, Bek K, Erdogan O, Bülbül M, Baysun S, et al. A one-center experience with pediatric percutaneous re- nal biopsy and histopathology in Ankara, Turkey. Int Urol Neprol 2009;41(4):933-9.
  • Tarif N, Dunne PM, Parachuru PR, Bakir AA. Life-threatening he- maturia from an arteriovenous fistula complicating an open renal biopsy. Nephron 1998;80(1):66-70.
  • Rüth EM, Dittrich K, Jüngert J, Uder M, Rascher W, Dötsch J. Suc- cessful interventional treatment of arteriovenous fistula after kid- ney biopsy in paediatric patients-a report of three cases Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23(10):3215-8.
  • Özdemir S, Çekirge S, Kara A, Bakkaloğlu A. A rare complication of renal biopsy in a child with membranoproliferative glomerulo- nephritis. International Urology and Nephrology 1998;30(6):689- 92.
  • Sasaki N, Joashi UC, Vergara M, Saland JM, Love BA. Postrenal biopsy AVM leading to severe hypertension and dilated cardiom- yopathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24(12):2459-62.
  • Absar A, Diamond M, Sonia Y, Arshalooz R, Safia A, Wagar K, et al. Ten year experience of pediatric kidney biopsies from a single center in Pakistan. Indian J Nephrol 2010; 20(4):190-2.
  • Pio D, Figueiredo S, Silva P, Nunes S, Costa T, Carvalho E, et al. Renal biopsies in children. A twelve year review. Port J Nephrol Hypert 2010;24(3):215-21.
  • Naumovic R, Pavlovic S, Stojkovic D, Jovanovic GB, Nesic V. Re- nal biopsy registry from a single centre in Serbia: 20 years of ex- perience. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24(3):877-85.
  • Ataş B, Tuncer O, Arslan Ş, Turhan S, Çaksen H, Bayram İ. Altı yıl- lık perkütan böbrek biyopsi sonuçlarımızın analizi. Tıp Araştırma- ları Dergisi 2005;3(3):19-22.
  • Piotto GHM, Moraes MCM, Malheiros D, Saldanha LB, Koch VHK. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy in child- ren safety, efficacy, indications and renal pathology findings: 14 year Brazilian University Hospital experience. Clin Nephrol 2008;69(6):417-24.
  • Piqueras AI, White RHR, Raafat F, Moghal N, Milford DV. Renal biopsy diagnosis in children presenting with haematuria. Pediatr Nephrol 1998(5);12:386-91.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA42TY62HA
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ülger Altuntaş This is me

Nurdan Yıldız This is me

Meryem Benzer This is me

İbrahim Gökçe This is me

Neşe Bıyıklı This is me

Erkin Arıbal This is me

Harika Alpay This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2012
Submission Date April 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Altuntaş Ü, Yıldız N, Benzer M, Gökçe İ, Bıyıklı N, Arıbal E, Alpay H. COMPARISON OF RENAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF RENAL HEMATOMA IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS RENAL BIOPSY. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2012;6(4):221-7.


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