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Hipoksik İskemik Ensefalopati: 63 Term Yenidoğanın Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2011, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 89 - 94, 01.08.2011

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Hipoksik iskemik ensefalopati (HİE) yenidoğan mortalite ve morbiditesinin en önemli nedenlerinden birisidir. Bu çalışmada HİE tanısıyla takip edilen yenidoğanların etiyolojik, klinik, laboratuar özelliklerini ve mortalite oranlarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Mart 2007–Mart 2008 tarihleri arasında Erzurum Nenehatun Kadın Doğum Hastanesi Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi’nde izlenen 63 hipoksik iskemik ensefalopatili term yenidoğan retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışma döneminde üniteye yatırılan term yenidoğanların %6.1’i HİE tanısı aldı. Hastaların 20’si (%31.7) kız, 43’ü (%68.3) erkek, ortalama gebelik yaşı 38.8±1.4 hafta, ortalama doğum ağırlığı 3265±561 gram, 15’i (%23.8) sezaryen, 48’i (%76.2) vajinal yolla doğmuştu. HİE etiyolojisinde rol oynayan faktörlerden %58.8’i zor doğum, kordon dolanması gibi doğuma ait nedenler, %12.8’i, intrauterin gelişme geriliği veya preeklampsi gibi gebeliğe ait nedenlerdi. Santral sinir sistemi dışında, karaciğer (%58.7), akciğer (%54) ve böbrek (%42.9) en çok etkilenen organlardı. Bebeklerin %61.9’unda ilk yedi günde konvülsiyon gözlendi. Sarnat ve Sarnat evrelemesine göre 17 olgu (%27) Evre I, 27 olgu (% 42.8) Evre II, 19 olgu (% 30.2) Evre III olarak değerlendirildi. Hastanede yatış süreleri ortalama 11.9±12.9 gün olarak saptandı. Bebeklerin 46’sı (%73) taburcu edilirken, 17 bebek (%27) eksitus oldu.Sonuç: Hipoksik iskemik ensefalopati tanı ve tedavideki ilerlemelere rağmen, halen yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinin, özellikle ülkemizin doğusunun, önemli bir sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir.

References

  • Carter BS, Haverkamp AD, Merenstein GB. The definition of acute perinatal asphyxia. Clin Perinatol 1993;20(2):287-304.
  • Volpe JJ. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: clinical aspects. In: Volpe JJ (ed). Neurology of the Newborn. Philadelphia: WB Saun- ders, 2001:331-94.
  • Costello AM, Manandar DS. Perinatal asphyxia in less developed countries. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1994;71(1):F1-3.
  • Brann AW. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (asphyxia). Pediatr Clin North Am 1986;33(3):451-64.
  • Badr Zahr LK, Purdy I. Brain injury in the infant: the old, the new, and the uncertain. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2006;20(2):163-75.
  • Erdem G. Perinatal mortality in Turkey. Peadiatr Perinat Epidemiol 2003;17(1):17-21.
  • Klinger G, Beyene J, Shah P, Perlman M. Do hyperoxemia and hy- pocapnia add to the risk of brain injury after intrapartum asphyxia? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2005;90(1):F49-52.
  • Shah P, Riphagen S, Beyene J, Perlman M. Multiorgan dysfunction in infants with post-asphyxial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004;89(2):F152-5.
  • Stoll BJ, Kliegman RM. The newborn infant. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (17th ed). Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004:566-568.
  • Sarnat HB, Sarnat MS. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress. Arch Neurol 1976; 33(10):696-705.
  • Satar M, Narlı N, Kırımi E, Atıcı A, Türkmen M, Yapıcıoğlu H. Hipoksik iskemik ensefalopatili 205 olgunun değerlendirilmesi. T Klin Pediatri 2001;10(1):36-41.
  • Katar S, Devecioğlu C, Sucaklı İ, Taşkesen M. Hipoksik iskemik ensefalopatili 80 Term yenidoğan hastanın değerlendirilmesi. Di- cle Tıp Dergisi 2007;34(1):38-41.
  • Türk Neonatoloji Derneği Hipoksik İskemik Ensefalopati Çalışma Grubu. Türkiye’de yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde izlenen hipoksik iskemik ensefalopatili olgular, risk faktörleri, insidans ve kısa dönem prognozları. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2008;51(3):123-29.
  • Duran R, Aladağ N, Vatansever U, Süt N, Acunaş B. The impact of Neonatal Resuscitation Program courses on mortality and morbidity of newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia. Brain Dev 2008;30(1):43-6.
  • Gurbuz A, Karateke A, Yilmaz U, Kabaca C. The role of perina- tal and intrapartum risk factors in the etiology of cerebral palsy in term deliveries in a Turkish population. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;19(3):147-55.
  • Acunaş B, Çeltik C, Garipardıç M, Karasalihoğlu S. Perinatal asfiksili yenidoğanların etyoloji, klinik ve prognoz açısından değerlendirilmesi. T Klinik Pediatri 1999;8(1):21-6.
  • Peliowski A, Finer NN. Birth asphyxia in the Term infant. In: Sin- clair JC, Bracken MB (eds). Effective Care of the Newborn Infant. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992:249-279.
  • Patel J, Edwards AD. Prediction of outcome after perinatal asphyx- ia. Curr Opin Pediatr 1997;9(2):128-32.

HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: EVALUATION OF 63 TERM NEONATES

Year 2011, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 89 - 94, 01.08.2011

Abstract

Aim: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most important reason of morbidity and mortality in neonates. This study was aimed to review the etiology, clinical-laboratory features and mortality rate of neonates with HIE.Material and Method: Sixty-three full-term babies with HIE admitted to the Erzurum Nenehatun Obstetric and Maternity Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between March 2007 and March 2008 were evaluated retrospectively.Results: HIE was diagnosed in 6.1% of all patients observed in our unit in this period. There were 20 females (31.7%) and 43 males (68.3%). The mean gestational age was 38.8±1.4 weeks and the mean birth weight was 3265±561 gram. The ratio of neonates delivered by cesarean section was 23.8%, and by spontaneous vaginal delivery was 76.2%. The etiologic factors for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were intrapartum 58.8% and antepartum 12.8%. The most frequently affected organs were liver (58.7%), lung (54%) and kidney (42.9%), except central nervous system. The ratio of neonates who developed seizures within the first week of life was 61.9%. According to modified Sarnat and Sarnat staging, 17 (27%) patients were in Stage I, 27 (42.8%) in Stage II and 19 (30.2%) in Stage III. The mean hospitalization time was 11.9±12.9 days. The mortality rate was 27% (17), while 63% of neonates has been discharged.Conclusion: HIE still continues to be an important health issue in Neonatal Intensive Care Units, especially in the eastern Turkey, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment

References

  • Carter BS, Haverkamp AD, Merenstein GB. The definition of acute perinatal asphyxia. Clin Perinatol 1993;20(2):287-304.
  • Volpe JJ. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: clinical aspects. In: Volpe JJ (ed). Neurology of the Newborn. Philadelphia: WB Saun- ders, 2001:331-94.
  • Costello AM, Manandar DS. Perinatal asphyxia in less developed countries. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1994;71(1):F1-3.
  • Brann AW. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (asphyxia). Pediatr Clin North Am 1986;33(3):451-64.
  • Badr Zahr LK, Purdy I. Brain injury in the infant: the old, the new, and the uncertain. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2006;20(2):163-75.
  • Erdem G. Perinatal mortality in Turkey. Peadiatr Perinat Epidemiol 2003;17(1):17-21.
  • Klinger G, Beyene J, Shah P, Perlman M. Do hyperoxemia and hy- pocapnia add to the risk of brain injury after intrapartum asphyxia? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2005;90(1):F49-52.
  • Shah P, Riphagen S, Beyene J, Perlman M. Multiorgan dysfunction in infants with post-asphyxial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004;89(2):F152-5.
  • Stoll BJ, Kliegman RM. The newborn infant. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (17th ed). Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004:566-568.
  • Sarnat HB, Sarnat MS. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress. Arch Neurol 1976; 33(10):696-705.
  • Satar M, Narlı N, Kırımi E, Atıcı A, Türkmen M, Yapıcıoğlu H. Hipoksik iskemik ensefalopatili 205 olgunun değerlendirilmesi. T Klin Pediatri 2001;10(1):36-41.
  • Katar S, Devecioğlu C, Sucaklı İ, Taşkesen M. Hipoksik iskemik ensefalopatili 80 Term yenidoğan hastanın değerlendirilmesi. Di- cle Tıp Dergisi 2007;34(1):38-41.
  • Türk Neonatoloji Derneği Hipoksik İskemik Ensefalopati Çalışma Grubu. Türkiye’de yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde izlenen hipoksik iskemik ensefalopatili olgular, risk faktörleri, insidans ve kısa dönem prognozları. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2008;51(3):123-29.
  • Duran R, Aladağ N, Vatansever U, Süt N, Acunaş B. The impact of Neonatal Resuscitation Program courses on mortality and morbidity of newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia. Brain Dev 2008;30(1):43-6.
  • Gurbuz A, Karateke A, Yilmaz U, Kabaca C. The role of perina- tal and intrapartum risk factors in the etiology of cerebral palsy in term deliveries in a Turkish population. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;19(3):147-55.
  • Acunaş B, Çeltik C, Garipardıç M, Karasalihoğlu S. Perinatal asfiksili yenidoğanların etyoloji, klinik ve prognoz açısından değerlendirilmesi. T Klinik Pediatri 1999;8(1):21-6.
  • Peliowski A, Finer NN. Birth asphyxia in the Term infant. In: Sin- clair JC, Bracken MB (eds). Effective Care of the Newborn Infant. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992:249-279.
  • Patel J, Edwards AD. Prediction of outcome after perinatal asphyx- ia. Curr Opin Pediatr 1997;9(2):128-32.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA35CK66GM
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Leyla Karadeniz Bilgin This is me

Nükhet Aladağ This is me

Cüneyt Aygün This is me

Demet Altay This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2011
Submission Date August 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Bilgin LK, Aladağ N, Aygün C, Altay D. HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: EVALUATION OF 63 TERM NEONATES. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2011;5(2):89-94.


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