Özel Gereksinimi Olan Çocukların Aile Merkezli Yaklaşım İle Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2011, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 123 - 128, 01.08.2011

E. Bahar Bingöler Pekcici Gülsüm Atay İlgi Öztürk Ertem

Abstract

Bedensel, gelişimsel, davranış ya da duygusal durumlarında gecikmeleri olan ya da bu durumlar için yüksek riskleri bulunan çocuklar “özel gereksinimi olan çocuklar” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bebeklik ve erken çocukluk döneminde yapılan gelişimsel değerlendirmelerinin günümüzde kabul edilen bütüncül çocuk değerlendirme yaklaşımları içinde yapılması gerekmektedir. Çocuk hekimlerinin gelişimsel sorunu olan hastaların nasıl değerlendirilmeleri gerektiğini bilmeleri onları yönlendirdikleri, sevk ettikleri kişi ve kurumlar ile ilgili seçimlerini etkileyecek, güncel değerlendirilme ve izleme hizmetlerine ulaşabilmelerini sağlayacaklardır. Bu derlemenin amacı, çocuk hekimlerine ilk üç yaşta özel gereksinimi olan çocukların gelişimsel değerlendirme ilkeleri ve uygun yöntemler hakkında bilgi aktarmaktır.

Keywords

Özel gereksinimi olan çocuklar, gelişimsel sorunlar, aile merkezli değerlendirme

ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS WITH FAMILY CENTERED APPROACH

Abstract

Children with special health care needs have physical, developmental or emotional retardation or have high risks for this stiuations. The concept of developmental assessment of infants and toddlers had changed by the years and nowadays family centered assessment methods are in progress. Pediatricians do need to know these new approaches for referring their patients to a clinic or a clinician who are family centered. Family-centered care is a partnership approach to health care decision-making between the family and health care provider. The aim of this review is to share the knowledge about children with special health care needs and their up to date assessment and follow up approaches

Keywords

Children with special health care needs, developmental problems, family centered assessment

References

• McPherson M, Arango P, Fox H, Lauver C, McManus M, Newa- check PW, et al. A new definition of children with special health care needs. Pediatrics 1998;102:137–40.
• American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on the Family. Family pediatrics. Pediatrics 2003;111:1539–87.
• Committee on Children With Disabilities. Role of the pediatri- cian in family- centered early intervention services. Pediatrics 2001;107(5):1155–7.
• Meisels SJ, Fenichel E. Toward a new vision for the develop- mental assessment of infants and young children. Zero to Three 1994;14(6):1–47.
• Council on Children With Disabilities, Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Bright Futures Steering Committee. Iden- tifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: an algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics 2006;118(1):405–20.
• Ertem İO. Sağlık Hizmetinde Çocukların Gelişimlerinin İzlenmesi ve Desteklenmesi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi 2006;15(4):67–74.
• Ertem İO. Dünyada ve Ülkemizde Gelişimsel Pediatri. İçinde: Ertem İÖ ed. Gelişimsel Pediatri, Bebeklik ve Erken Çocukluk Dönemi. 1. baskı. Ankara: Çocuk Hastalıkları Araştırma Vakfı, 2005:5–15.
• Haggerty RJ, Friedman SB. History of developmental-behavioral pediatrics. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2003;24(1 Suppl):S1–18.
• Stein M, Lukasik MK. Developmental screening and assessment: Infants, Toddlers, and preschoolers. In: Carey WB, Crocker AC, Coleman WL, Elias ER, Feldman H. (eds). Developmental and Be- havioral Pediatrics. 4th ed.Philadelphia: Saunders, 2009:796–85.
• New visions for the developmental assessment of infants and young children. Zero to Three National Center for Clinical Infant Programs. www.zerotohtree.org
• Committee on Hospital Care. American Academy of Pediat- rics. Family centered care and the pediatrician’s role. Pediatrics 2003;112:691–6.
• Bagnato SJ, Neisworth JT. Collaboration and teamwork in assess- ment for early intervention. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 1999;8(2):347–63.
• Meisels SJ. Can developmental screening tests identify children who are developmentally at-risk? Pediatrics 1989;83(4):578-85.
• Meisels SJ. Designing meaningful measurements for early child- hood. In B.L. Mallory R.S. New (Eds.), Diversity in early child- hood education: A call for more inclusive theory, practice, and policy. New York: Teachers College Press, 1994:202-22.
• Kuo DZ, Houtrow AJ, Arango P, Kuhlthau KA, Simmons JM, Neff JM. Family-Centered Care: Current Applications and Future Di- rections in Pediatric Health Care. Matern Child Health J 2011;12. [Epub ahead of print]
• Kuhlthau KA, Bloom S, Van Cleave J, Knapp AA, Romm D, Klatka K, et al. Evidence for family-centered care for children with special health care needs: a systematic review. Acad Pediatr 2011;11(2):136–43.
• Hemmeter ML, Joseph G, Smith B, Sandall S. DEC recommended practices, program assessment: Improving practices for young children with special needs and their families. 2001. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.
• Moore M, Russ SW. Pretend play as a resource for children: im- plications for pediatricians and health professionals. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2006;27(3):237–48.
• Urie Bronfenbrenner. Ecology of the Family as a Context for Hu- man Development: Research Perspectives Developmental Psy- chology. 1986;22(6):723–42.
• Belsky J. Determinants and consequences of parenting: illustrative findings and basis principles. In: Hellinnckx W, Colten M, Wil- liams M (eds). International Perspectives on Family SupportArena, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot 1997:1–21.
• Luoma I, Tamminen T, Kaukonen P, Laippala P, Puura K, Salme- lin R, et al. Longitudinal study of maternal depressive symp- toms and child well-being. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40(12):1367–74.
• Anderson LN, Campbell MK, daSilva O, Freeman T, Xie B. Effect of maternal depression and anxiety on use of health services for infants. Can Fam Physician 2008;54(12):1718–9.
• Repetti RL, Taylor SE, Seman TE. Risky Families: Family Social Environments and the Mental and Physical Health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin 2002;128(2):330–66.
• Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, Barocas R, Zax M, Greenspan S. IQ scores of 4-year-old children: Social-environmental risk factors. Pediat- rics 1987;79(3):343–50.
• Seligman S. Clinical Interviews with Families of Infants. In: Zea- nah CH. (ed) Handbook of Infant Mental Health 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Pres, 2000.
• Perrin JM, Romm D, Bloom SR, Homer CJ, Kuhlthau KA, Cooley C, et al. A family-centered, community- based system of services for children and youth with special health care needs. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007;161(10):933–6.
• Halfon N, Regalado M, Sareen H, Inkelas M, Reuland CH, Glascoe FP. Assessing development in the pediatric office. Pediat- rics 2004;113(suppl6):1926–33.
• Committee on Hospital Care. American Academy of Pediat- rics. Family-Centered care and the pediatrician’s role. Pediatrics 2003;112:691–6.