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Hipernatremik Dehidratasyon: Yenidoğanlarda Nadir Olmayan Bir Sorun

Year 2010, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 89 - 93, 01.08.2010

Abstract

Giriş: Serum sodyum seviyesinin 145 mEq/L’nin üzerinde olması olarak tanımlanan hipernatremi, yenidoğanda nispeten sık görülen bir elektrolit bozuklukluğudur. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmada Ocak 2007 ile Aralık 2008 arasında hastanemizde dehidratasyon nedeniyle izlenen ve serum sodyum düzeyi 145 mEq/L’nin üzerinde saptanan toplam 17 olgu çalışmaya alındı. Olguların dosyalarından anne yaşı, gebelik sayısı, doğum şekli, doğum ağırlığı, başvuru sırasındaki ağırlığı, postnatal yaşı, geliş yakınması, fififizik inceleme bulguları ve serum biyokimyasal ölçümleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Olguların sekizi kız (%47.1), dokuzu erkekti (% 52.9). Ortanca (veri aralığı) olarak doğum ağırlığı 3340 gram (2600-4600), ağırlık kaybı %17.1 (10-30), postnatal yaş 6.2 gün (2-16), anne yaşı ise 24.9 yıl (21- 39) olarak saptandı. Olguların tamamı sadece anne sütüyle beslenmekteydi. Ortanca serum sodyum ve serum üre değerleri sırasıyla 158 mEq/L (149-192) ve 122 mg/dl (18-428) olarak bulundu. On iki olgu (%70.6) emmeme, iki olgu (%11.8) sarılık, üçü (%17.6) ise huzursuzluk yakınması ile başvurmuştu. Altı olguda (%35.3) nörolojik bulgular da eşlik etmekteydi. Oligoanürik ve/veya hipotansif olgulara sıvı yüklemesi ardından sıvı açığını yerine koyma tedavileri verildi. Sodyum düşüş hızı ortalama 0.5±0.2 mEq/saat (0.29-0.83) idi. Normal sodyum düzeylerine ulaşma zamanı 24-80 saat arasında değişmekteydi. Renal ultrasonografi yapılan (n=6) olgulardan ikisinde pelvi-kalisiyel sistemde dilatasyon, birinde ise bilateral medüller nefrokalsinozis ile uyumlu görünüm saptanırken, kraniyal görüntüleme yapılan iki olguda bilateral talamik kanama saptandı. Yorum: Yenidoğanda nadir olmayan bir sorun olan hipernatremi, ciddi komplikasyonlara yol açabilir. Annelere beslenme eğitimi verilmesi yanı sıra, erken dönemde ağırlık kaybı açısından yakın izlem tablonun gelişiminin engellenmesinde önemlidir.

References

  • Vestermark V, Hogdall CK, Birch M, Plenov G, Toftager-Larsen K. Influence of the mode of delivery on initiation of breast-feeding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:33-38.
  • Chapman DJ, Perez-Escamilla R. Identification of risk factors for delayed onset of lactation. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:450-454.
  • Livingstone VH, Willis CE, Abdel-Wareth LO, Thiessen P, Lockitch G. Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration associated with breast-feeding mal- nutrition: A retrospective survey. CMAJ 2000;162:647-652.
  • Manganaro R, Mami C, Marrone T, Marseglia L, Gemelli M. Incidence of dehydration and hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed infants. J Pediatr 2001;139:673-675.
  • Harding D, Moxham J, Cairns P. Weighing alone will not prevent hyper- natremic dehydration. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88:349.
  • Molteni KH. Initial management of hypernatremic dehydration in breast- fed infants. Clin Pediatr 1994;33:731-740.
  • Chilton LA. Prevention and management of hypernatremic dehydration in breast-fed infants. West J Med 1995;163:74-76.
  • Kesik V, Duranoğlu L, Sarıcı ÜS, Alpay F. Hipernatremik dehidratasyon tanısı ile takip edilen yenidoğan olgularımızın değerlendirilmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi 2006;48: 162-165.
  • Ergenekon E, Ünal S, Gücüyener K, Soysal Ş, Koç E, Okumuş N, Türkyılmaz C, Önal E, Atalay Y. Hypernatremic dehydration in the new- born period and long-term follow up. Pediatr Int 2007;49:19-23.
  • Vatansever Ü, Duran R, Acuna B. Tek başına anne sütü ile beslenen be- beklerde hipernatremik dehidratasyon. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2007;24: 190-193.
  • Clarke TA, Markarian M, Griswold W ve ark. Hypernatremic dehydration resulting from inadequate breast-feeding. Pediatr İnt 1979;63:931-932.
  • Rowland TW, Zori RT, Lafleur WR ve ark. Malnutrition and hypernatre- mic dehydration in breast-fed infants. JAMA 1982;247:1016–1017.
  • Peters JM. Hypernatremia in breast-fed infants due to elevated breast milk sodium. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1989;89:1165-1170.
  • Trotman H, Lord C, Barton M, Antonie M. Hypernatremic dehydration in Jamaican breastfed neonates: A 12-year review in a baby-friendly hospital. Ann Trop Paediatr 2004;24:295-300 .
  • Lee JH, Arcinue E, Ross BD. Brief report: organic osmolites in the brain of an infant with hypernatremia. New Engl J Med 1994;331 439-442.
  • Heldrich FJ, Shaw SS. Case report and review of literature inbreast fed infants. Md Med J 1990;39:475- 478.
  • Lohr J, Springate J, Feld L. Seizures during correction of hypernatremic dehydration in an infant. Am J Kidney Dis 1989;14:232-235.
  • Berhman RE, KliegmanRM, Jenson HB. Nelson Texstbook of Pediatrics Philadelphia. 17 th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Saunders, 2004: 249

HYPERNATREMIC DEHYDRATION: AN UNRARE PROBLEM IN NEWBORNS

Year 2010, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 89 - 93, 01.08.2010

Abstract

Introduction: Hypernatremia described as a serum sodium level higher than 145 mEq/L, is a relatively common electrolyte disorder in newborn period.Material and Method: A total of 17 cases followed for dehydration and having a serum sodium level of >145mEq/L at our hospital between January 2007 and December 2008 were included in this study. Mother’s age, number of gestation, route of delivery, birth weight, weight at presentation, postnatal age, complaints at admission, physical examination, and serum biochemical parameters were recorded from the files of the patients.Results: Among all patients, 8 (47.1%) were female and 9 (52.9%), male. Median birth weight was 3340 gr (range: 2600-4600 gr); median weight loss, 17.1% (10-30%), median postnatal age, 6.2 days (2-16 days); and age of the mother, 24.9 years (21-39 years). All the cases were breastfed. Median serum sodium level was 158 mEq/L (range: 149-192 mEq/L), and median urea level, 122 mg/dL (range: 18-428 mg/dL). Of these 17 newborns, 12 (70.6%), cases presented with feeding problems; 2 (11.8%) presented with jaundice, and 3 (17.6%) presented with irritability. Neurological findings were detected in 6 (35.3%) cases. Oligo-anuric and/or hypotensive cases received fluid replacement therapies after loading of fluid. Sodium decline rate was 0.5±0.2 mEq/hour (range: 0.29-0.83). Time to reach normal sodium levels ranged between 24 and 80 hours in our cases. While no pathology was detected in 3 of 6 patients underwent renal ultrasonography, dilatation in pelvicalicial system was found in 2 cases and bilateral medullar nephrocalcinosis was observed in one case. Two cases who underwent cranial imaging had bilateral thalamic hemorrhage.Conclusion: Hypernatremia, not an uncommon problem in the newborn, may cause serious complications. In addition to giving education to mothers about feeding, close monitoring of the cases in respect to weight loss during early neonatal period is important in prevention of hypernatremia

References

  • Vestermark V, Hogdall CK, Birch M, Plenov G, Toftager-Larsen K. Influence of the mode of delivery on initiation of breast-feeding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:33-38.
  • Chapman DJ, Perez-Escamilla R. Identification of risk factors for delayed onset of lactation. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:450-454.
  • Livingstone VH, Willis CE, Abdel-Wareth LO, Thiessen P, Lockitch G. Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration associated with breast-feeding mal- nutrition: A retrospective survey. CMAJ 2000;162:647-652.
  • Manganaro R, Mami C, Marrone T, Marseglia L, Gemelli M. Incidence of dehydration and hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed infants. J Pediatr 2001;139:673-675.
  • Harding D, Moxham J, Cairns P. Weighing alone will not prevent hyper- natremic dehydration. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88:349.
  • Molteni KH. Initial management of hypernatremic dehydration in breast- fed infants. Clin Pediatr 1994;33:731-740.
  • Chilton LA. Prevention and management of hypernatremic dehydration in breast-fed infants. West J Med 1995;163:74-76.
  • Kesik V, Duranoğlu L, Sarıcı ÜS, Alpay F. Hipernatremik dehidratasyon tanısı ile takip edilen yenidoğan olgularımızın değerlendirilmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi 2006;48: 162-165.
  • Ergenekon E, Ünal S, Gücüyener K, Soysal Ş, Koç E, Okumuş N, Türkyılmaz C, Önal E, Atalay Y. Hypernatremic dehydration in the new- born period and long-term follow up. Pediatr Int 2007;49:19-23.
  • Vatansever Ü, Duran R, Acuna B. Tek başına anne sütü ile beslenen be- beklerde hipernatremik dehidratasyon. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2007;24: 190-193.
  • Clarke TA, Markarian M, Griswold W ve ark. Hypernatremic dehydration resulting from inadequate breast-feeding. Pediatr İnt 1979;63:931-932.
  • Rowland TW, Zori RT, Lafleur WR ve ark. Malnutrition and hypernatre- mic dehydration in breast-fed infants. JAMA 1982;247:1016–1017.
  • Peters JM. Hypernatremia in breast-fed infants due to elevated breast milk sodium. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1989;89:1165-1170.
  • Trotman H, Lord C, Barton M, Antonie M. Hypernatremic dehydration in Jamaican breastfed neonates: A 12-year review in a baby-friendly hospital. Ann Trop Paediatr 2004;24:295-300 .
  • Lee JH, Arcinue E, Ross BD. Brief report: organic osmolites in the brain of an infant with hypernatremia. New Engl J Med 1994;331 439-442.
  • Heldrich FJ, Shaw SS. Case report and review of literature inbreast fed infants. Md Med J 1990;39:475- 478.
  • Lohr J, Springate J, Feld L. Seizures during correction of hypernatremic dehydration in an infant. Am J Kidney Dis 1989;14:232-235.
  • Berhman RE, KliegmanRM, Jenson HB. Nelson Texstbook of Pediatrics Philadelphia. 17 th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Saunders, 2004: 249
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA92MJ89VT
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Pınar Çakır This is me

Didem Aliefendioğlu This is me

Erennur Tufan This is me

Ümit Altuğ This is me

Erhan Kırlı This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2010
Submission Date August 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Çakır EP, Aliefendioğlu D, Tufan E, Altuğ Ü, Kırlı E. HYPERNATREMIC DEHYDRATION: AN UNRARE PROBLEM IN NEWBORNS. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2010;4(2):89-93.


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