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Katılma Nöbetli 220 Hastanın Geriye Dönük Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2009, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 5 - 11, 01.06.2009

Abstract

Giriş: Katılma nöbeti (KN), altta yatan tetikleyici bir faktör nedeni ile, bilinç kaybının da eşlik edebildiği nefes tutmadır. Aileler bu durumu nöbet ya da kardiyak arrest olarak değerlendirip endişeye kapılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bazen nöbet ile karışabilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda demir eksikliği anemisi ile KN arasında ilişki olduğu ve demir tedavisi ile nöbetlerin gerilediği gösterilmiştir.Amaç: Çocuk nöroloji polikliniğinimize KN ön tanısı ile gelen 220 hasta geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilerek demir eksikliğinin rolü araştırıldı.Metod: Hastaların poliklinik dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Hastaların cinsiyetleri, nöbet başlangıç yaşları, nöbet tipleri (siyanotik, soluk, karışık), nöbet derecesi (basit, ağır), nöbet sıklığı (<10/ay, 10-30/ay, >30/ay) belirlendi. Tam kan sayımı, elektroensefalografi (EEG), elektrokardiyografi (EKG), gerekli durumlarda ekokardiografi yapıldı. Takipte telefon ile ulaşılan hastalar tekrar gözden geçirildi.Sonuçlar: Hastaların 94(%42.7) ’ü kız, 126(%57.3)’sı erkek idi. Nöbetlerin ortalama başlangıç yaşı 12.8±10.2 ay, ortalama başvuru yaşı 23.3±16.3 aydı. Hastaların 67(%30.5) ‘sinde aile öyküsü mevcuttu. En sık siyanotik tipte nöbet tarif edilmekteydi (%89). Nöbetlerin %69.1’i hafif iken, %30.9’u ağır şiddetteydi. Nöbet sıklığı, nöbetin şiddeti ile hemoglobin düzeyi arasında ilişki saptanmadı (p>0.05). Konvülzif hareketlerin eşlik ettiği grupta basit katılma nöbeti olan gruba oranla hemoglobin düzeyleri daha düşük saptandı (p<0.05). Takipte ulaşılan 107 hastanın 93’ünde (%87) KN sonlanmıştı ve ortalama sonlanma yaşı 41.5±16 ay, ortalama KN süresi 28.7±14.9 ay olarak tespit edildi. Katılma nöbeti sonlanan hastalardan, hemoglobin ve MCV değerleri düşük olanların sonlanma yaşının daha küçük olduğu ve KN süresinin de daha kısa olduğu tespit edildi.Yorum: Sonuç olarak, demir eksikliği anemisi KN’i olan hastaların bir kısmında tetikleyici bir faktör olabilir ve bu hastalarda aneminin tedavisi KN’nin süresini kısaltır.

References

  • Di Mario Jr, Sarfarazi M. Family pedigree analysis of children with severe breath holding spells.J Pediatr 1997;130:647-651.
  • Bridge EM, Livingstone S, Tietze C. Breath holding spells, their relationship to syncope, convilsions and other phenomena.J Pe- diatr 1943;23:539-561.
  • Di Mario FJ Jr. Prospective study of children with cyanotic and pallid breath holding spells.Pediatrics 2001;107:265-269.
  • Lombrosso CT, Lerman P. Breathholding spells (cyanotic and pal- lid infantile syncope).Pediatrics 1967;39:563-581.
  • Di Mario FJ Jr, Burleson JA. Autonomic nervous system function in severe breath holding spells.Pediatr Neurol 1993;9:268-274.
  • Daoud AS, Batieha A, Al-Sheyyab M, Abuekteish F, Hijazi S. Effectivenes of iron therapy on breath holding spells.J Pediatr ;130:547-550. Mocan H, Yildiran A, Orhan F, Erduran E. Breth holding spells in 91 children and response to treatment with iron.Arch Dis Child ;81:261-262. Breukels MA, Plötz FB, van Nieuwenhuizen O, van Diemen- Steenvoorde JA. Breath holding spells in a 3 day old neonate: an unusual early presentation in a family with a history of breath holding spells.Neuropediatrics 2002;33:41-42
  • Silbert PL, Gubbay SS. Familial cyanotic breath-holding spells. J Pediatr 1995;32:500
  • Evans.Breath holding spells. Pediatric Annals 1997;26:410-414.
  • Di Mario FJ Jr.Breath holding spells in childhood. Am J Dis Child ;146:125-131. Kuhle S, Tiefenthaler M, Seidl R, Hauser E. Prolonged generalize epileptic seizures triggered by breth holding spells.Pediatr Neurol ;23:271-273. DiMario FJ Jr, Burleson JA. Burleson. Behavior profile of child- ren with severe breath-holding spells.J Pediatr 1993;122:488-491
  • Holowach J. Thurston DL. Breath-holding spells and anemia.N Engl J Med 1963; 268: 21-23
  • Bhatia MS, Singhal PK, Dhar NK, Nigam VR, Malik SC, Mullick DN.Breath holding spells: an analysis of 50 cases.Indian J Pediatr : 27; 1073-1079.
  • Colina KF, Abelson HT.Resolution of breath holding spells with treatment of concomittant anemia.J Pediatr 1995: 126; 395-397.
  • Cengiz A. Atıl, Ülkü Tıraş, Rukiye Ünsal, Yıldız Dallar. Katılma nöbetleri üzerinde demir tedavisinin etkisi.Klinik Bilimler ve Dok- tor 2001:7; 805-809.
  • Goraya JS, Virdi VS.Persistence of breath-holding spells into late childhood.J Child Neurol 2001: 16; 697-698.
  • Daoud AS, Batieha A, Al-Sheyyab M, Abuekteish F, Hijazi S. Effectiveness of iron therapy on breath holding spells. J Pediatr ; 130: 547-550.

RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF 220 CHILDREN WITH BREATH HOLDING SPELLS

Year 2009, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 5 - 11, 01.06.2009

Abstract

Introduction: Breath holding spell(BH) is an involuntary holding of the breath accompanied by loss of consciousness in response to a confrontational situation. It can be a frightening event for parents who may perceive it as a seizure or even cardiac arrest. Correlation between iron deficiency anemia and BH and improvement in BH with iron treatment have been revealed in previous studies. Aim: Two hundred twenty patients referred to pediatric neurology department of our hospital with a diagnosis of breath holding (BH) spells were retrospectively evaluated to determine the role of anemiaMethod: Clinical records were evaluated retrospectively. Gender, age of onset, type (cyanotic, pallide, mixed), severity(simple, severe), frequency of spell(<10/month, 10-30/month,>30/month) were determined. Complete blood count, electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG) were performed in all patients, echocardiography is performed when required. Patients who could be reached by telephone were re-evaluated.Results: Ninety-four(42.7%)of the patients were female, 126(57.3%) were male. The mean age of onset of the spells was 12.8±10.2 months and the mean age of applying to the hospital was 23.3±16.3 months. Sixty seven(30.5%) of the patients had a family history of BH. The most common type of the spells were cyanotic (89%). 69.1% of the spells were simple. Age of onset of spells showed no significant relationship with spell severity and spell type (p>0.05). Hemoglobin values were lower in patients with accompanying convulsive behaviors when compared to simple BH(p<0.05). At follow up 107 patients could be reached, 93 of them (87%) were spell free. The spells ended in a mean of 41.5±16 months and the mean time of duration of the spells was 28.7±14.9 months. The spells ended sooner and the duration of the spells was lower in the patients whose hemoglobin and MCV levels were low at the beginning.Conclusion: As a conclusion, our study demonstrates that anemia may be a triggering factor in some patients and treating the anemia shortens the BH spells

References

  • Di Mario Jr, Sarfarazi M. Family pedigree analysis of children with severe breath holding spells.J Pediatr 1997;130:647-651.
  • Bridge EM, Livingstone S, Tietze C. Breath holding spells, their relationship to syncope, convilsions and other phenomena.J Pe- diatr 1943;23:539-561.
  • Di Mario FJ Jr. Prospective study of children with cyanotic and pallid breath holding spells.Pediatrics 2001;107:265-269.
  • Lombrosso CT, Lerman P. Breathholding spells (cyanotic and pal- lid infantile syncope).Pediatrics 1967;39:563-581.
  • Di Mario FJ Jr, Burleson JA. Autonomic nervous system function in severe breath holding spells.Pediatr Neurol 1993;9:268-274.
  • Daoud AS, Batieha A, Al-Sheyyab M, Abuekteish F, Hijazi S. Effectivenes of iron therapy on breath holding spells.J Pediatr ;130:547-550. Mocan H, Yildiran A, Orhan F, Erduran E. Breth holding spells in 91 children and response to treatment with iron.Arch Dis Child ;81:261-262. Breukels MA, Plötz FB, van Nieuwenhuizen O, van Diemen- Steenvoorde JA. Breath holding spells in a 3 day old neonate: an unusual early presentation in a family with a history of breath holding spells.Neuropediatrics 2002;33:41-42
  • Silbert PL, Gubbay SS. Familial cyanotic breath-holding spells. J Pediatr 1995;32:500
  • Evans.Breath holding spells. Pediatric Annals 1997;26:410-414.
  • Di Mario FJ Jr.Breath holding spells in childhood. Am J Dis Child ;146:125-131. Kuhle S, Tiefenthaler M, Seidl R, Hauser E. Prolonged generalize epileptic seizures triggered by breth holding spells.Pediatr Neurol ;23:271-273. DiMario FJ Jr, Burleson JA. Burleson. Behavior profile of child- ren with severe breath-holding spells.J Pediatr 1993;122:488-491
  • Holowach J. Thurston DL. Breath-holding spells and anemia.N Engl J Med 1963; 268: 21-23
  • Bhatia MS, Singhal PK, Dhar NK, Nigam VR, Malik SC, Mullick DN.Breath holding spells: an analysis of 50 cases.Indian J Pediatr : 27; 1073-1079.
  • Colina KF, Abelson HT.Resolution of breath holding spells with treatment of concomittant anemia.J Pediatr 1995: 126; 395-397.
  • Cengiz A. Atıl, Ülkü Tıraş, Rukiye Ünsal, Yıldız Dallar. Katılma nöbetleri üzerinde demir tedavisinin etkisi.Klinik Bilimler ve Dok- tor 2001:7; 805-809.
  • Goraya JS, Virdi VS.Persistence of breath-holding spells into late childhood.J Child Neurol 2001: 16; 697-698.
  • Daoud AS, Batieha A, Al-Sheyyab M, Abuekteish F, Hijazi S. Effectiveness of iron therapy on breath holding spells. J Pediatr ; 130: 547-550.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA57DU85YZ
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ebru Arhan This is me

Kutay Sel This is me

Alev Güven This is me

Aydan Değerliyurt This is me

Abdullah Mutlu This is me

Serkan Kadir Keskin This is me

Gülşen Köse This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2009
Submission Date June 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Arhan E, Sel K, Güven A, Değerliyurt A, Mutlu A, Keskin SK, Köse G. RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF 220 CHILDREN WITH BREATH HOLDING SPELLS. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2009;3(3):5-11.


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