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Ağır Kombine İmmünyetmezliklerde İmmunolojik Fenotipler: (7 Yıllık Deneyimlerimiz)

Year 2007, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 11 - 17, 01.04.2007

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Ağır kombine immünyetmezlik (KIY) nadir, fakat fatal bir sendrom olup T ve B lenfosit fonksiyonlarının belirgin derecede eksikliği ile karakterizedir. KIY' ların ilk kez tanımlandığından bu yana geçen 50 yıl içinde genetik orijini birbirinden oldukça farklı bir grup hastalıktan oluştuğu anlaşılmıştır. Sebeplerin farklı oluşuna karşın tüm KIY tiplerinde klinik özellikler aynıdır. Enfeksiyonlara duyarlılık, kemik iliği nakli yapılmadığı takdirde hastayı bebeklik döneminde ölüme götürür. Hastaların büyük bir kısmında lenfopeni bulunur. Lenfosit altgruplarının akım sitometrik analizi ile tayini KIY fenotipleri arasında çok açık bir tiplendirmeyi mümkün hale getirmektedir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Klinik ve laboratuvar olarak kombine immün yetmezlik kriterlerine uyan 44 hastada T ve B hücre sayıları hastanemizin Akım Sitometri laboratuvarında (Beckman Coulter, TM TMEpics XL -MCL; System II software; Miami, Florida, USA) anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti- CD16, anti-CD56 ve anti-CD19 monoklonal antikorları kullanılarak yapıldı. Hasta ve control gruplarının absolüt lenfosit sayıları karşılaştırıldıBulgular ve Sonuçlar: Tüm hastaların klinik başvuruları birbirine benzer olup, oral ve diaper kandidiazis, viral (interstisyel) veya bakteriyel pnömoniler, gram-negatif sepsis, persistan diare ve gelişme geriliği en sık rastlanan problemler olarak karşımıza çıkmışlardır. Türkiye' den bildirilen en büyük grup olan KIY populasyonumuz, bu nadir sendromdan şüphe edilmesini sağlıyacak karakterstik klinik ve fenotipik özellikleri vermektedir. Absolü lenfosit sayısı en faydalı tarama 3testidir. Çalışmaya alınan 44 KIY' lı hastanın % 95' inde ALS 3000/mm ' ün altındaydı. Oysa benzer enfeksiyonları olan ve immünyetmezliği olmayan 43 hastanın sadece birinde ALS bu değerin altında bulundu. Bu bulgudan yola çıkarak 1 yaşın altında, alt solunum yolu, gastrointestinal 3sistem veya cilt enfeksiyonları ile başvuran ve lenfosit sayıları 3000/mm 'ün altında bulunan hastaların immün yetmezlik açısından ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmesini önermekteyiz.

References

  • Hong R, Clement L T, Gatti R A, Kirkpatrick C H. Disorders of the T- 3 cell system.In: Stiehm E R. ed. Immunologic Disorders in Infants and Children.4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1996: 339-408. 3
  • Buckley RH. Molecular defects in human severe combined immunodeficiency and approaches to immune reconstitution. Annu Rev Immunol 2004; 22:625-655.
  • Notarangelo L, Casanova JL, Conley ME, Chapel H, Fisher A, Pock 1, Roijman c, Seger R, Geha RS; International Union of Immunological Societies Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Classification Committee. Meeting in Budapest, 2005. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:883-896. 3
  • Verbsky JW, Grossman WJ. Cellular and Genetic Basis of Primary Immune Deficiencies. Pediatr Clin Narth Am 2006; 53:649-684.
  • Buckley RH, Schiff RІ, Schiff SE, Markert ML, Williams LW, Harville TO, Roberts J L, Puck JM. Human severe combined immunodeficiency:Genetic, phenotypic, and functional diversity in one hundred eight infants. J Pediatr 1997;130:378-387. 3
  • Fischer A, Cavazzana-Calvo M, De Saint Basile G, De Villartay JP, Di Santo JP, Hivroz C, Rieux-Laucat F, Le Deist F. Naturlly Occuring Primary Deficiencies of the Immune System. Annu Rev Immunol 1997;15:93-124.
  • WHO Scientific Group. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: Report of a WHO Scientific Group.Clin Exp Immunol 1995;99:1-24.
  • Rosen FS. Severe combined immunodeficiency: A pediatric emergency. J Pediatr 1997;130:345-346.
  • Hague RA, Rassam S, Morgan G, Cant AJ. Early diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiencies. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70:260-263.
  • Stephan JL, Vlekova V, Le Deist F, Blanche S, Donadieu J, De Saint- Basile G, Durandy A, Griscelli C Fisher A. Severe combined immunodeficiency: A retrospective single center study of clinical presentation and outcome in 117 patients J Pediatr 1993;123:564- 572.

IMMUNOLOGICAL PHENOTYPES IN SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY (OUR 7 YEARS EXPERIENCES)

Year 2007, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 11 - 17, 01.04.2007

Abstract

Introduction: Human combined immunodeficiency (CID) was first reported more than 50 years ago. It is now known that CID can be caused in humans by mutations of many different genes and the likelihood is that there are other causes yet to be discovered. Regardless of the underlying defect infants with this syndrome are lymphopenic and have profound deficiencies of T and B cell numbers and function. Recognition of the characteristic lymphopenia can result in early diagnosiseven at birth. Flow cytometric studies have shown that there are unique lymphocyte phenotypes for the various genetic forms of CID.Materials and Methods: Fourteen-four patients who fulfill the criteria of CID, flow cytometric analysis were performed by using Beckman Coulter, Epics XL -MCL; System II software; Miami, Florida, USA. Monoclonal antibodies, anti-CD3, anti- CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD16, anti-CD56 and anti-CD19 were also purchased from Beckman Coulter. Absolute lymphocyte numbers of patient and control groups were compared statistically.Results and Discussion: Affected infants all presented with common problems such as oral moniliasis, diarrheas, severe pneumonias and failure to thrive in the first few months of life. Our CID group which is amongst the largest groups presented from Turkey, showed the clinical features necessary to suspect from this rare syndrome and the distribution of the CID phenotypes in Turkey. The 44 CID patients seen in 7 years, 95% showed ALC<3000/mm while only one patient of the control group with the similar infections had ALS<3000/mm . This study demonstrated the potential of ALC to diagnose CID routinely under 1 year of age showing severe infections. We suggest that if the ALC of <3000/mm is seen, efforts should be made for the early diagnosis of CID

References

  • Hong R, Clement L T, Gatti R A, Kirkpatrick C H. Disorders of the T- 3 cell system.In: Stiehm E R. ed. Immunologic Disorders in Infants and Children.4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1996: 339-408. 3
  • Buckley RH. Molecular defects in human severe combined immunodeficiency and approaches to immune reconstitution. Annu Rev Immunol 2004; 22:625-655.
  • Notarangelo L, Casanova JL, Conley ME, Chapel H, Fisher A, Pock 1, Roijman c, Seger R, Geha RS; International Union of Immunological Societies Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Classification Committee. Meeting in Budapest, 2005. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:883-896. 3
  • Verbsky JW, Grossman WJ. Cellular and Genetic Basis of Primary Immune Deficiencies. Pediatr Clin Narth Am 2006; 53:649-684.
  • Buckley RH, Schiff RІ, Schiff SE, Markert ML, Williams LW, Harville TO, Roberts J L, Puck JM. Human severe combined immunodeficiency:Genetic, phenotypic, and functional diversity in one hundred eight infants. J Pediatr 1997;130:378-387. 3
  • Fischer A, Cavazzana-Calvo M, De Saint Basile G, De Villartay JP, Di Santo JP, Hivroz C, Rieux-Laucat F, Le Deist F. Naturlly Occuring Primary Deficiencies of the Immune System. Annu Rev Immunol 1997;15:93-124.
  • WHO Scientific Group. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: Report of a WHO Scientific Group.Clin Exp Immunol 1995;99:1-24.
  • Rosen FS. Severe combined immunodeficiency: A pediatric emergency. J Pediatr 1997;130:345-346.
  • Hague RA, Rassam S, Morgan G, Cant AJ. Early diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiencies. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70:260-263.
  • Stephan JL, Vlekova V, Le Deist F, Blanche S, Donadieu J, De Saint- Basile G, Durandy A, Griscelli C Fisher A. Severe combined immunodeficiency: A retrospective single center study of clinical presentation and outcome in 117 patients J Pediatr 1993;123:564- 572.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA94FT33UN
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşe Metin This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2007
Submission Date April 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Metin A. IMMUNOLOGICAL PHENOTYPES IN SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY (OUR 7 YEARS EXPERIENCES). Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2007;1(2):11-7.


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