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Bir Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Ünitesine Başvuran Olgularda Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Demografik ve Klinik Bulgular

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 177 - 183, 24.05.2019

Abstract





Amaç: Bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinin çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi bölümüne başvuran ve Otizm Yelpazesi Bozukluğu OYB) tanısı konulan ve OYB tanısıyla izlenen hastaların klinik ve sosyodemografik özelliklerinin, tedavi ve izlem sürecinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 


Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma 2017-2018 yılları arasında SBÜ Ankara Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hematoloji- Onkoloji EAH Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları kliniğinde takip edilen çocuk ve ergenlerin dosya bilgileri ve sağlık kurulu raporları değerlendirilerek geriye dönük bir desende yapılmıştır. Çalışmada hasta dosyalarında yer alan sosyodemografik özellikler ve çocukların tedavi sürecine dair bilgiler araştırıcılar tarafından hazırlanan bir forma kaydedilmiş ve istatistik analizi yapılmıştır. 


Bulgular: Araştırmada OYB tanısı konmuş 130 çocuğun verileri incelenmiştir. Olguların 104’ünü (%80) erkekler oluşturmaktadır. Hastaların ilk tanılarının konulduğu yaş ortalaması 40.7 ay (12-96 ay) olarak saptanmıştır. Kliniğimize başvuru yaş ortalaması ise 56.5 ay (16-152 ay) olarak saptanmıştır. Olguların 110’unun özel eğitim alıp almadığı bilgilerine ulaşılmış, 105 (%80.8) olgunun özel eğitime devam ettiği saptanmıştır. Hastaların 104’ünün zekâ testi sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Bu hastaların 96’sında (%73.8) entellektüel yeti-yitimi ek tanısı bulunmaktadır. Olguların 105’inin ilaç kullanım bilgilerine ulaşılabilmiş, 64 olgunun (%49.2) takipleri boyunca en az bir kere ilaç tedavisi aldığı belirlenmiştir. 


Takipler sırasında en az bir kere ilaç tedavisi alan hastaların Sorun Davranış Kontrol Listesi (SDKL) total puanları (t(17)=- 2.564, p=0.020) ve Otizm Davranış Kontrol Listesi (ODKL) total puanları (t(32)=-2.254, p=0.031) hiç almayanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. 


Sonuç: Çalışmadaki olguların ilk tanı konma yaşlarının yüksek olmasının yanı sıra, kliniğimize başvurunun ilk tanı yaşından yaklaşık 1 yıl sonra olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durumun çevre illerden tanıyı kesinleştirme ya da tedavi amacıyla başvuran hastalarımızın sayıca çok olmasından kaynaklandığı düşünülmüştür. Olguların büyük çoğunluğunun özel eğitime devam etmesine karşın, sorun davranışların ve buna bağlı olarak ilaç kullanım oranlarının ve entellektüel yeti-yitimi oranının yüksek olması nedeniyle polikliniğimize başvuruların göreceli olarak ağır hastalar ve aileleri tarafından yapıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 

References

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  • 15. Dodds L, Fell DB, Shea S, Armson BA, Allen AC, Bryson S. The role of prenatal, obstetric and neonatal factors in the development of autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2011;41:891-902.
  • 16. Zhang X, Lv CC, Tian J, Miao RJ, XiW, Hertz-Picciotto I, et al . Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism in China. J Autism Dev Disord 2010;40:1311-21.
  • 17. Burstyn I, Sithole F, Zwaigenbaum L. Autism spectrum disorders, maternal characteristics and obstetric complications among singletons born in Alberta, Canada. Chronic Dis Can 2010;30:125- 34.
  • 18. Yaşar Ö, Şahin F, Coşar EC, Köken GN, Cevrioğlu AS. Birth method choices of primipar women and the factors which have an effect on these choices. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2007;17:414-20.
  • 19. Knoester M, Helmerhorst FM, van der Westerlaken LA, Walther FJ, Veen S. Matched follow-up study of 5 8-year-old ICSI singletons: Child behaviour, parenting stress and child (health-related) quality of life. Hum Reprod 2007;22:3098-107.
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  • 23. Bhasin TK, Schendel D. Sociodemographic risk factors for autism in a US Metropolitan Area. J Autism Dev Disord 2007;37:667-77.
  • 24. Larsson H, Eaton W, Madsen K, Vestergaard M, Olesen AV, Agerbo E, et al. Risk factors for autism: Perinatal factors, parental psychiatric history and socioeconomic status. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:916-25.
  • 25. Lauritsen M, Pedersen C, Mortensen P. Effects of familial risk factors and the place of birth on the risk of autism: A nationwide register-based study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005;46:963-71.
  • 26. Reichenberg A, Gross R, Weiser M, Bresnahan M, Silverman J, Harlap S, et al. Advancing paternal age and autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:1026-32.
  • 27. Leonard H, Glasson E, Nassar N, Whitehouse A, Bebbington A, et al. Autism and intellectual disability are differentially related to sociodemographic background at birth. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e17875.
  • 28. Kogan D, Blumberg S, Schieve L, Boyle CA, Perrin JM, Ghandour RM, et al. Prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children in the US, 2007. Pediatrics 2009;124:1395-403.
  • 29. Bishop DVM, Maybery M, Maley A, Wong D, Hill W, Hallmayer J. Using self-report to identify the broad phenotype in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorders: A study using the Autism- Spectrum Quotient. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004;45:1431-6.
  • 30. Willemsen-Swinkels SHN, Buitelaar JK. The autistic spectrum: Subgroups, boundaries and treatment. Psychiatr Clin North A 2002;25:811-36.
  • 31. Volkmar FR, Lord C, Klin A, Schultz R, Cook EH. Autism and the pervasive developmental disorders. In: Martin A, Volkmar F (eds). Lewis’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007:384- 400.
  • 32. Lord C, Bailey A. Autism spectrum disorders. In: Rutter M, Taylor E (eds). Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002:636-63.
  • 33. Volkmar FR, Lord C, Bailey A, Schultz RT, Klin A. Autism and pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 204;45:135-70.
Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 177 - 183, 24.05.2019

Abstract

References

  • 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2000.
  • 2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington DC: APB Press, 2013.
  • 3. Christensen DL, Baio J, Van Naarden Braun K, Bilder D, Charles J, Constantino JN, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years-autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network. 11 Sites, United States, 2012. MMWR Surveill Summ 2016;65:1-23.
  • 4. Stefanatos GA. Regression in autistic spectrum disorders. Neuropsychol Rev 2008;18:305-19.
  • 5. Wing L, Potter D. The epidemiology of autistic spectrum disorders: Is the prevalence rising? Men Retard Develop Dis Res Rev 2002;8:151-61.
  • 6. Fombonne E. Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:3-8.
  • 7. Gillberg C. The epidemiology of autism. In: Mary Colman (ed). The Neurology of Autism. Oxford University Press, 2005:119-36.
  • 8. Yılmaz-Irmak T, Tekinsav-Sütçü S, Aydın A, Sorias O. Otizm davranış kontrol listesinin (ABC) geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2007;14:13-23.
  • 9. Karabekiroglu K, Aman MG. Validity of the aberrant behavior checklist in a clinical sample of toddlers. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 2009;40:99-110.
  • 10. Chakrabarti S, Fombonne E. Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. JAMA 2001;285:3093-9.
  • 11. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Ruhsal ve Davranışsal Bozukluklar Sınıflandırması: Klinik tanımlamalar ve tanı kılavuzları (ICD-10). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Cenevre 1992’den çeviri editörleri: Öztürk O, Uluğ B. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 1993.
  • 12. Akçakın M. Otizmde cinsiyet farklılıkları. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2002;9: 3-15.
  • 13. Rutter M, Lockyer L. A five to fifteen-year follow-up study of infantile psychosis: Descriptive of sample. Br J Psychiatry 1967;113:1169- 82.
  • 14. Bilder D, Pinborough-Zimmerman J, Miller J, McMahon W. Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors associated with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics 2009;123:1293-300.
  • 15. Dodds L, Fell DB, Shea S, Armson BA, Allen AC, Bryson S. The role of prenatal, obstetric and neonatal factors in the development of autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2011;41:891-902.
  • 16. Zhang X, Lv CC, Tian J, Miao RJ, XiW, Hertz-Picciotto I, et al . Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism in China. J Autism Dev Disord 2010;40:1311-21.
  • 17. Burstyn I, Sithole F, Zwaigenbaum L. Autism spectrum disorders, maternal characteristics and obstetric complications among singletons born in Alberta, Canada. Chronic Dis Can 2010;30:125- 34.
  • 18. Yaşar Ö, Şahin F, Coşar EC, Köken GN, Cevrioğlu AS. Birth method choices of primipar women and the factors which have an effect on these choices. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2007;17:414-20.
  • 19. Knoester M, Helmerhorst FM, van der Westerlaken LA, Walther FJ, Veen S. Matched follow-up study of 5 8-year-old ICSI singletons: Child behaviour, parenting stress and child (health-related) quality of life. Hum Reprod 2007;22:3098-107.
  • 20. Schmidt R, Hansen R, Hartiala J, Allayee H, Schmidt LC, Tancredi DJ, et al. Prenatal vitamins, one-carbon metabolism gene variants, and risk for autism. Epidemiology 2011;22:476–85.
  • 21. Klemetti R, Gissler M, Sevo´n T, Hemminki E. Resource allocation of in vitro fertilization: A nationwide register-based cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res 2007;7:210.
  • 22. Fombonne E, Mazaubrun C, Cans C, Grandjean H. Autism and associated medical disorders in a French epidemiological survey. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36: 1561-9.
  • 23. Bhasin TK, Schendel D. Sociodemographic risk factors for autism in a US Metropolitan Area. J Autism Dev Disord 2007;37:667-77.
  • 24. Larsson H, Eaton W, Madsen K, Vestergaard M, Olesen AV, Agerbo E, et al. Risk factors for autism: Perinatal factors, parental psychiatric history and socioeconomic status. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:916-25.
  • 25. Lauritsen M, Pedersen C, Mortensen P. Effects of familial risk factors and the place of birth on the risk of autism: A nationwide register-based study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005;46:963-71.
  • 26. Reichenberg A, Gross R, Weiser M, Bresnahan M, Silverman J, Harlap S, et al. Advancing paternal age and autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:1026-32.
  • 27. Leonard H, Glasson E, Nassar N, Whitehouse A, Bebbington A, et al. Autism and intellectual disability are differentially related to sociodemographic background at birth. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e17875.
  • 28. Kogan D, Blumberg S, Schieve L, Boyle CA, Perrin JM, Ghandour RM, et al. Prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children in the US, 2007. Pediatrics 2009;124:1395-403.
  • 29. Bishop DVM, Maybery M, Maley A, Wong D, Hill W, Hallmayer J. Using self-report to identify the broad phenotype in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorders: A study using the Autism- Spectrum Quotient. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004;45:1431-6.
  • 30. Willemsen-Swinkels SHN, Buitelaar JK. The autistic spectrum: Subgroups, boundaries and treatment. Psychiatr Clin North A 2002;25:811-36.
  • 31. Volkmar FR, Lord C, Klin A, Schultz R, Cook EH. Autism and the pervasive developmental disorders. In: Martin A, Volkmar F (eds). Lewis’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007:384- 400.
  • 32. Lord C, Bailey A. Autism spectrum disorders. In: Rutter M, Taylor E (eds). Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002:636-63.
  • 33. Volkmar FR, Lord C, Bailey A, Schultz RT, Klin A. Autism and pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 204;45:135-70.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Çağatay Uğur

Publication Date May 24, 2019
Submission Date March 29, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Uğur Ç. Bir Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Ünitesine Başvuran Olgularda Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Demografik ve Klinik Bulgular. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2019;13(3):177-83.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


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