Aşılar ve Mikrobiyota

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 310 - 323, 30.07.2019

Melda Çelik , Sıddıka Songül Yalçın

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.509182

Abstract

Aşılama enfeksiyon hastalıkları yükünü azaltan temiz
su erişiminden sonra ikinci en önemli yöntemdir. Aşı etkinliği bireyler
arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Mikrobiyotanın immün sistemin gelişmesinde
birçok role sahip olduğunun gösterilmesi aşı etkinliğinde de rol oynayabileceğini
düşündürmüştür. Bu derlemede, mikrobiyotanın aşı yanıtları üzerine etkileriyle
ilgili yayınları özetlemeyi hedefledik. Bazı çalışmalar, bağırsak
mikrobiyotasının farklı üyelerinin belli immün hücre bölümlerinin gelişimini
düzenleyerek sistemik bir etki yaptığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca yapılan
çalışmaların sonuçları gelişmekte olan ülkelerde aşıların etkinliğinin gelişmiş
ülkelere göre daha az olmasında mikrobiyotanın bozulmasının etkili
olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Birçok çalışma probiyotiklerin uygulanmasının
ardından serum antikorlarının arttığını göstermekle birlikte, bu yanıtlar
plasebo kontrollerdeki yanıtlardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmamıştır.
Bazı probiyotikler bir aşı için özgül etkiler göstermekle birlikte diğer
aşılarda etkisiz olmuştur. İnsanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda prebiyotik
kulanımının aşı etkinliğine etkisi gösterilememiştir. Mikrobiyotanın immün
sistemin gelişimindeki merkezi rolü nedeniyle, mikrobiyotanın aşı etkinliği
üzerinde etkili olması olağandır. Ancak şimdiye kadar az sayıda veri
bulunmaktadır. Burada özetlenen çalışmalar belli ölçüde aşı-mikrobiyota
ilişkisini göstermekle birlikte, bu konuyla ilgili daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç
vardır. 

Keywords

aşı, immün sistem, mikrobiyota, prebiyotik, probiyotik

Vaccines and Microbiota

Abstract

Vaccination is the second
most important method after access to clean water that reduces the burden of
infectious diseases. Vaccine efficacy varies among individuals. The fact that
microbiota has many roles in the development of the immune system has suggested
that it may play a role in vaccine efficacy. In this review, we aimed to summarize
publications about the effects of microbiota on vaccine responses. Some studies
have shown that different members of the gut microbiota have a systemic effect
by regulating the development of certain immune cell segments. In addition, the
results of the studies suggest that microbiota deterioration may be effective on
the lower efficacy of vaccines in developing countries than developed
countries. Although many studies showed that serum antibodies increased after
the application of probiotics, these responses were not significantly higher
than the placebo controls. Some probiotics show specific effects for a vaccine
but have been ineffective for others. In human studies, the effect of prebiotic
use on vaccine efficacy has not been demonstrated. Due to the central role of
microbiota in the development of the immune system, it is common for the
microbiota to have an impact on the efficacy of the vaccine. However, there are
few data to date. Although the studies summarized here indicate a certain
degree of vaccine-microbiota relationship, further studies are needed.

Keywords

immune system, microbiota, prebiotic, probiotic

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