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Major Depresif Bozukluk Tanılı 350 Ergen Olgunun Klinik Özellikleri, Hastalık Şiddeti ve Tedavi Seçeneklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 5, 370 - 378, 23.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.579013

Abstract

Amaç:
Major Depresif Bozukluk (MDB) ergenlik
döneminde sık görülen önemli bir ruh sağlığı bozukluğudur. Çalışmamızda MDB
tanısı ile takip ve tedaviye alınan ergenlerde depresyon şiddetinin, kullanılan
tedavi yöntemlerinin ve klinik özelliklerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.



Yöntem:
1 Ocak-31 Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında
hastanemiz çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine ayaktan başvuran ve DSM 5’e
göre unipolar MDB tanısı alan 12-18 yaş aralığındaki 350 ergen hastanın dosyası
geriye dönük olarak incelenmiş ve bu ergenlerin sosyodemografik ve klinik
özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel değerlendirme için SPSS 17,0
kullanılmıştır.



Bulgular:
Bir yıllık zaman diliminde polikliniğe
başvuran 4.646 ergenin 350’sine (%7,5) MDB tanısı konmuştur. Kız ergenler
örneklemin %75,4’ünü oluşturmakta idi. Ergenler
depresyon şiddeti açısından sınıflandırıldığında, tüm örneklemin %45,7’sinin
hafif, %44,3’ünün orta ve %10’unun ağır şiddetli depresyon grubunda yer aldığı
ve tüm bu gruplarda kız ergenlerin daha yüksek oranda olduğu bulunmuştur. Örneklem
aldığı tedavi açısından değerlendirildiğinde %81,7’sine farmakoterapi, %15,1’ine
çeşitli psikoterapiler, %3,1’ine ise farmakoterapi ve psikoterapi kombinasyonu
uygulanmıştır. Ergenlerin %87,4’ünde seçici serotonin geri alım inhibitörleri
(SSGİ) tek başına tercih edilmiştir. Somatoform bozukluk (disosiyatif ve
konversif bozukluk) ve
yas
reaksiyonu
varlığı farmakoterapi
ve psikoterapinin birlikte kullanımı için anlamlılık göstermiştir
. Farmakoterapi alan
ergenlerin %.8,6’sında en az bir
yan etki varlığı saptanmıştır.



Tartışma:
Çalışma bulgularımız literatürle uyumlu
olarak, ergen yaş grubunda MDB tanısı tüm şiddet düzeylerinde kızlarda anlamlı
olarak daha fazla görülmekte olup tedavisinde SSGİ monoterapisi çoğu kez ilk
seçenek olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamız MDB tanılı ergenlerde yapılmış
geniş örneklemli, tedavi ve şiddet değerlendirmesini içeren bir çalışma olması
açısından konu ile ilgili literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür; fakat bu
verilerin kesitsel, geriye dönük ve durum saptaması niteliğinde olması
nedeniyle genellenmesi uygun olmayabilir.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

Yok

References

  • 1. American Psychiatry Association (APA), Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Publication, 2013.
  • 2. Rey JM, Bella-Awusah TT, Liu J. Chapter E1. Depression in children and adolescents. In IACAPAP Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2015.
  • 3. Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, Thapar AK. Depression in adolescence. The Lancet 2012; 379(9820):1056-1067.
  • 4. Ebert MH, Loosen PT, Nurcombe B. Current Diagnosis &Treatment Psychiatry. Candansayar S (Çeviri Ed.), 1. Baskı: 2003.
  • 5. Hauenstein EJ. Depression in adolescence. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2003; 32: 239-48.
  • 6. Meadows SO, Brown JS, Elder GHJ. Depressive symptoms, stress, and support: gendered trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2006;35:93-103.
  • 7. Burns JJ, Cottrell L, Perkins K, Pack R, et al. Depressive symptoms and health risk among rural adolescents. Pediatrics 2004;113:1313-20.
  • 8. Eskin M, Ertekin K, Harlak H, Dereboy Ç. Lise öğrencisi ergenlerde depresyonun yaygınlığı ve ilişkili olduğu etmenler. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008; 19(4):382-389.
  • 9. Sims BE, Nottelmann E, Koretz D, Pearson J. Prevention of depression in children and adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2007; 32:451-455.
  • 10. Coghill D, Usala T. Mood disorders in children and adolescents. Psychiatry 2006; 5:4.
  • 11. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2007 Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Depressive Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46(11): 1503-1526.
  • 12. Ağaoğlu B:. Major Depresif Bozukluk Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları. Aysev A, Taner Y. Asimetrik Paralel Yayınevi. İstanbul 2007.
  • 13. Birmaher B, Arbelaez C, Brent D. Course and outcome of child and adolescent major depressive disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2002;11(3):619-37.
  • 14. Avenevoli S, Swendsen J, He J-P, Burslein M, Merikangas KR. Major depression in the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement: prevalence, correlates, and treatment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015;54(1):37-44.
  • 15. Birmaher B, Brent DA, Benson RS. Summary of the practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37(11):1234-8.
  • 16. Graham J. Emslie, Taryn L. Mayes. Depression in Children and Adolescents Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment CNS Drugs 1999;11(3):181-189.
  • 17. Birmaher B, Brent D, AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007: 46(11): 1503-1526.
  • 18. Özer D, Kocabıyık A, Girgin V, Demiraslan P. Ergenlerde Depresyon: Epidemiyoloji, Klinik Görünüm, Komorbidite, Seyir, Komplikasyonlar. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2002;15:90-96.
  • 19. Tamar M, Özbaran B. Çocuk ve ergenlerde depresyon. Klinik Psikiyatri 2004;2:84-92.
  • 20. Maughan B, Collishaw S, Stringaris A. Depression in childhood and adolescence.J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013:22(1).
  • 21. Davidson JR, Meltzer-Brody SE. The underrecognition and undertreatment of depression: what is the breadth and depth of the problem? J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60 Suppl 7:4-9.
  • 22. Öy B. Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği. Geçerlilik Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991;2(2):132-136.
  • 23. Akdeniz F, Gönül AS. Kadınlarda üreme olayları ile depresyon ilişkisi. Klinik Psikiyatri 2004;2(70):70-74.
  • 24. Essau CA. Comorbidity of depressive disorders among adolescents in community and clinical settings. Psychiatry Research 2008; 158: 35-42.
  • 25. Fu-i L, Wang YP. Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between children and adolescents with major depressive disorder Braz J Psychiatry 2008; 30(2):124-31.
  • 26. Yıldırım V, Toros F, Sungur MA, Yılmaz MF. Majör Depresif Bozukluğu Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Sosyodemografik Değişkenleri ve Risk Etmenleri. Literatür Sempozyum. 2015;1(5):8-16.
  • 27. Özyurt G, Baykara B Ergenlerde Depresyon Tanısı, Ayırıcı Tanısı,Kliniğii. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Child Psychiatry-Special Topics 2016; 2(1): 5054.
  • 28. Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A.Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003; 60(8):837-844.
  • 29. Bodur Ş, Üneri Ö. Çocuk ve ergenlerde majör depresif bozukluk: Bir gözden geçirme Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008; 9:105-110
  • 30. Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Merikangas KR. Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 49(12): 1002-1014.
  • 31. Cyranowski JM, Frank E, Young E. Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression: a theoretical model. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000; 57(1): 21-27.
  • 32. Koç EB, Karaçetin G. Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Depresif Bozukluk Farmakolojik Tedavisi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Child Psychiatry-Special Topics 2016; 2(1): 55-61.
  • 33. Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Kowatch RA, Hughes CW, Carmody T, Rintelmann J. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1997; 54(11): 1031-1037.
  • 34. Emslie GJ, Heiligenstein JH, Wagner KD, Hoog SI, Ernest DE, Brown E, Nilsson M, Jacobson JG. Fluoxetine for acute treatment of depression in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41(10): 1205-1215.
  • 35. Wagner KD, Ambrosini P, Rynn M, Wohlberg C, Yang R, Greenbaum MS, Childress A, Donnely C, Deas D, for the Sertraline Pediatric Depression Study Group. Efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2003; 290(8): 1033-1041.
  • 36. Wagner KD, Robb AS, Findling RL, Jin J, Gutierrez MM, Heydorn WE. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citalopram for the treatment of major depression in children and adolescents.Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161(6): 1079-1083.
  • 37. March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, Curry J , Wells K , Fairbank J et al. Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292(7): 807-820.
  • 38. Baldwin D, Rudge S. The role of serotonin in depression and anxiety. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 9: 41-46.
  • 39. Stahl S. Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. First ed ed. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi. 2015, 296-300.

Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics, Severity of Disease and Treatment Options in 350 Adolescent Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 5, 370 - 378, 23.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.579013

Abstract

Objective:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is an important mental health disorder
that is common in adolescence. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate
depression severity, treatment methods and clinical features of adolescents who
were followed up and treated with MDD diagnosis.

Methods: Between January and December 2015, 350 adolescent patients between 12-18
years of age who consulted with child and adolescent psychiatry clinic and diagnosed
by unipolar MDD according to DSM-5 was reviewed. The sociodemographic and
clinical features of these cases were evaluated. SPSS 17.0 was used for
statistical evaluation.

Results:
MDD was diagnosed
in 350 (7.5%) of 4,646 adolescents who applied to the outpatient clinic during
the 1-year period. Girls were 75.4% of the sample. When the cases were
classified in terms of severity of depression, it was found that 45.7% of the
whole sample was mild, 44.3% was middle and 10% was severe MDD and the girls
were higher in all groups. Pharmacotherapy was applied in 81.7% of the sample,
15.1% of psychotherapies, 3.1% of the combination of pharmacotherapy and
psychotherapy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) alone were
preferred in 87.4% of the cases. Somatoform disorder (dissociative and conversion
disorder) and bereavement reaction were significant for the combined use of
pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. At least one adverse event was detected in
8.8% of the cases.







Discussion: Compatibly the
literature, in adolescence MDD diagnosis was significantly more common in
females in all severity groups. SSRIs monotherapy is mostly used as the first
option in treatment. Our study will contribute to the related literature in
terms of involving wide sampling, treatment and severity evaluation in
adolescents with MDD; but generalization may not be appropriate because of the the
study’s cross-sectional and
situation
determination
nature

Project Number

Yok

References

  • 1. American Psychiatry Association (APA), Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Publication, 2013.
  • 2. Rey JM, Bella-Awusah TT, Liu J. Chapter E1. Depression in children and adolescents. In IACAPAP Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2015.
  • 3. Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, Thapar AK. Depression in adolescence. The Lancet 2012; 379(9820):1056-1067.
  • 4. Ebert MH, Loosen PT, Nurcombe B. Current Diagnosis &Treatment Psychiatry. Candansayar S (Çeviri Ed.), 1. Baskı: 2003.
  • 5. Hauenstein EJ. Depression in adolescence. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2003; 32: 239-48.
  • 6. Meadows SO, Brown JS, Elder GHJ. Depressive symptoms, stress, and support: gendered trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2006;35:93-103.
  • 7. Burns JJ, Cottrell L, Perkins K, Pack R, et al. Depressive symptoms and health risk among rural adolescents. Pediatrics 2004;113:1313-20.
  • 8. Eskin M, Ertekin K, Harlak H, Dereboy Ç. Lise öğrencisi ergenlerde depresyonun yaygınlığı ve ilişkili olduğu etmenler. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008; 19(4):382-389.
  • 9. Sims BE, Nottelmann E, Koretz D, Pearson J. Prevention of depression in children and adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2007; 32:451-455.
  • 10. Coghill D, Usala T. Mood disorders in children and adolescents. Psychiatry 2006; 5:4.
  • 11. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2007 Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Depressive Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46(11): 1503-1526.
  • 12. Ağaoğlu B:. Major Depresif Bozukluk Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları. Aysev A, Taner Y. Asimetrik Paralel Yayınevi. İstanbul 2007.
  • 13. Birmaher B, Arbelaez C, Brent D. Course and outcome of child and adolescent major depressive disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2002;11(3):619-37.
  • 14. Avenevoli S, Swendsen J, He J-P, Burslein M, Merikangas KR. Major depression in the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement: prevalence, correlates, and treatment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015;54(1):37-44.
  • 15. Birmaher B, Brent DA, Benson RS. Summary of the practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37(11):1234-8.
  • 16. Graham J. Emslie, Taryn L. Mayes. Depression in Children and Adolescents Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment CNS Drugs 1999;11(3):181-189.
  • 17. Birmaher B, Brent D, AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007: 46(11): 1503-1526.
  • 18. Özer D, Kocabıyık A, Girgin V, Demiraslan P. Ergenlerde Depresyon: Epidemiyoloji, Klinik Görünüm, Komorbidite, Seyir, Komplikasyonlar. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2002;15:90-96.
  • 19. Tamar M, Özbaran B. Çocuk ve ergenlerde depresyon. Klinik Psikiyatri 2004;2:84-92.
  • 20. Maughan B, Collishaw S, Stringaris A. Depression in childhood and adolescence.J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013:22(1).
  • 21. Davidson JR, Meltzer-Brody SE. The underrecognition and undertreatment of depression: what is the breadth and depth of the problem? J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60 Suppl 7:4-9.
  • 22. Öy B. Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği. Geçerlilik Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1991;2(2):132-136.
  • 23. Akdeniz F, Gönül AS. Kadınlarda üreme olayları ile depresyon ilişkisi. Klinik Psikiyatri 2004;2(70):70-74.
  • 24. Essau CA. Comorbidity of depressive disorders among adolescents in community and clinical settings. Psychiatry Research 2008; 158: 35-42.
  • 25. Fu-i L, Wang YP. Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between children and adolescents with major depressive disorder Braz J Psychiatry 2008; 30(2):124-31.
  • 26. Yıldırım V, Toros F, Sungur MA, Yılmaz MF. Majör Depresif Bozukluğu Olan Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Sosyodemografik Değişkenleri ve Risk Etmenleri. Literatür Sempozyum. 2015;1(5):8-16.
  • 27. Özyurt G, Baykara B Ergenlerde Depresyon Tanısı, Ayırıcı Tanısı,Kliniğii. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Child Psychiatry-Special Topics 2016; 2(1): 5054.
  • 28. Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A.Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003; 60(8):837-844.
  • 29. Bodur Ş, Üneri Ö. Çocuk ve ergenlerde majör depresif bozukluk: Bir gözden geçirme Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008; 9:105-110
  • 30. Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Merikangas KR. Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 49(12): 1002-1014.
  • 31. Cyranowski JM, Frank E, Young E. Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression: a theoretical model. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000; 57(1): 21-27.
  • 32. Koç EB, Karaçetin G. Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Depresif Bozukluk Farmakolojik Tedavisi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Child Psychiatry-Special Topics 2016; 2(1): 55-61.
  • 33. Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Kowatch RA, Hughes CW, Carmody T, Rintelmann J. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1997; 54(11): 1031-1037.
  • 34. Emslie GJ, Heiligenstein JH, Wagner KD, Hoog SI, Ernest DE, Brown E, Nilsson M, Jacobson JG. Fluoxetine for acute treatment of depression in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41(10): 1205-1215.
  • 35. Wagner KD, Ambrosini P, Rynn M, Wohlberg C, Yang R, Greenbaum MS, Childress A, Donnely C, Deas D, for the Sertraline Pediatric Depression Study Group. Efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2003; 290(8): 1033-1041.
  • 36. Wagner KD, Robb AS, Findling RL, Jin J, Gutierrez MM, Heydorn WE. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citalopram for the treatment of major depression in children and adolescents.Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161(6): 1079-1083.
  • 37. March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, Curry J , Wells K , Fairbank J et al. Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292(7): 807-820.
  • 38. Baldwin D, Rudge S. The role of serotonin in depression and anxiety. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 9: 41-46.
  • 39. Stahl S. Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. First ed ed. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi. 2015, 296-300.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Özlem Hekim 0000-0002-7446-7805

Seyhan Temtek Güner This is me 0000-0002-3803-2097

Zeynep Göker 0000-0002-6489-3800

Ebru Sekmen 0000-0001-9688-7336

Özden Şükran Üneri 0000-0002-7869-5338

Project Number Yok
Publication Date September 23, 2019
Submission Date June 17, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 13 Issue: 5

Cite

Vancouver Hekim Ö, Temtek Güner S, Göker Z, Sekmen E, Üneri ÖŞ. Major Depresif Bozukluk Tanılı 350 Ergen Olgunun Klinik Özellikleri, Hastalık Şiddeti ve Tedavi Seçeneklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2019;13(5):370-8.


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