Research Article
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Initial symptom of different developmental problems: Language delay

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 6, 468 - 474, 23.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.587587

Abstract

Objective: The aim is to
evaluate
sociodemographic characteristics, differential diagnoses
and
risk factors of
children with language delay
.

Material and
Methods:
This retrospective study was included 222 children with language delay referred to a tertiary developmental-behavioral pediatrics
clinic. Children were evaluated with the
Bayley Scales of Infant and
Toddler Development 2nd Edition and Guide for Monitoring and Child Development.

Results: Most of families (78%) firstly admitted to pediatricians. Only 38.7% of
the children had expressive language disorder, while 39.6% had cognitive delay
and 14% had autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 
56.8% of the children did not have book. Book ownership decreased with
increasing sibling count and lower parents educational level.
Kindergarten/pre-school education was in only 3.2% of the children. 15.8% of
the children did not have any opportunity for peer relationship.
Most of
the
children
(82.4%) had daily screen time above 4 hours.
Mental Developmental Index scores were lower in children with lack of books, and
parents with ≤8 years of education.


























Conclusion: Serious
neurodevelopmental problems including cognitive delay and ASD should be
considered in children with language delay. P
ediatricians play a central role in early diagnosis, appropriate management and should guide the
families about
protective
factors that affect language development.

References

  • 1. Harel S, Greenstein Y, Kramer U, Yifat R, Samuel E, Nevo Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of children referred to a child development center for evaluation of speech, language, and communication disorders. Pediatr Neurol 1996; 15: 305-11.2. Law J, Boyle J, Harris F, Harkness A, Nye C. Prevalence and natural history of primary speech and language delay: findings from a systematic review of the literature. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2000; 35: 165-88.3. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Second ed. San Antonio: Tx: The Psychological Corporation; 1993. 4. Ozturk Ertem I, Krishnamurthy V, Mulaudzi MC, Sguassero Y, Bilik B, Srinivasan R, et al. Validation of the International Guide for Monitoring Child Development demonstrates good sensitivity and specificity in four diverse countries. Acta Paediatr 2018: 5. Ertem IO, Dogan DG, Gok CG, Kizilates SU, Caliskan A, Atay G, et al. A guide for monitoring child development in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatrics 2008; 121: e581-9.6. Kemper KJ, Babonis TR. Screening for maternal depression in pediatric clinics. Am J Dis Child 1992; 146: 876-8.7. Stevenson J, Richman N. The prevalence of language delay in a population of three-year-old children and its association with general retardation. Dev Med Child Neurol 1976; 18: 431-41.8. Silva PA. The prevalence, stability and significance of developmental language delay in preschool children. Dev Med Child Neurol 1980; 22: 768-77.9. Buschmann A, Jooss B, Rupp A, Dockter S, Blaschtikowitz H, Heggen I, et al. Children with developmental language delay at 24 months of age: results of a diagnostic work-up. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008; 50: 223-9.10. Zengin-Akkus P, Celen-Yoldas T, Kurtipek G, Ozmert EN. Speech delay in toddlers: Are they only `late talkers`? Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 165-72.11. Fagan MK, Montgomery TR. Managing referrals for children with receptive language delay. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2009; 48: 72-80.12. Luyster RJ, Kadlec MB, Carter A, Tager-Flusberg H. Language assessment and development in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2008; 38: 1426-38.13. Collisson BA, Graham SA, Preston JL, Rose MS, McDonald S, Tough S. Risk and Protective Factors for Late Talking: An Epidemiologic Investigation. J Pediatr 2016; 172: 168-74 e1.14. Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z, et al. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ 2018; 67: 1-23.15. Keegstra AL, Knijff WA, Post WJ, Goorhuis-Brouwer SM. Children with language problems in a speech and hearing clinic: background variables and extent of language problems. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2007; 71: 815-21.16. Needlman R, Silverstein M. Pediatric interventions to support reading aloud: how good is the evidence? J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 352-63.17. Data Research Center for Child and Adolescent Health. 2011/12 National Survey of Children’s Health. Available from: 03 July 2019. https://www.childhealthdata.org/docs/nsch-docs/sas-codebook_-2011-2012-nsch-v1_05-10-13.pdf. 18. Muluk NB, Bayoglu B, Anlar B. Language development and affecting factors in 3- to 6-year-old children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 271: 871-8.19. Asztalos EV, Church PT, Riley P, Fajardo C, Shah PS, Canadian Neonatal N, et al. Association between Primary Caregiver Education and Cognitive and Language Development of Preterm Neonates. Am J Perinatol 2017; 34: 364-71.20. Tamis-LeMonda CS, Shannon JD, Cabrera NJ, Lamb ME. Fathers and mothers at play with their 2- and 3-year-olds: contributions to language and cognitive development. Child Dev 2004; 75: 1806-20.21. Council On C, Media. Media and Young Minds. Pediatrics 2016; 138: e20162591.22. Duch H, Fisher EM, Ensari I, Font M, Harrington A, Taromino C, et al. Association of screen time use and language development in Hispanic toddlers: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2013; 52: 857-65.23. Lin LY, Cherng RJ, Chen YJ, Chen YJ, Yang HM. Effects of television exposure on developmental skills among young children. Infant Behav Dev 2015; 38: 20-6.24. Tomopoulos S, Dreyer BP, Valdez P, Flynn V, Foley G, Berkule SB, et al. Media content and externalizing behaviors in Latino toddlers. Ambul Pediatr 2007; 7: 232-8.25. Fisher J, Cabral de Mello M, Patel V, Rahman A, Tran T, Holton S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90: 139G-49G.26. McManus BM, Poehlmann J. Parent-child interaction, maternal depressive symptoms and preterm infant cognitive function. Infant Behav Dev 2012; 35: 489-98.27. Rescorla L, Alley A. Validation of the language development survey (LDS): a parent report tool for identifying language delay in toddlers. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2001; 44: 434-45.28. Feldman HM. Evaluation and management of language and speech disorders in preschool children. Pediatr Rev 2005; 26: 131-42.29. Glogowska M, Roulstone S, Peters TJ, Enderby P. Early speech- and language-impaired children: linguistic, literacy, and social outcomes. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006; 48: 489-94.30. Silva PA, Williams S, McGee R. A longitudinal study of children with developmental language delay at age three: later intelligence, reading and behaviour problems. Dev Med Child Neurol 1987; 29: 630-40.31. Robertson SB, Ellis Weismer S. Effects of treatment on linguistic and social skills in toddlers with delayed language development. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 1999; 42: 1234-48.32. From neurons to neighborhoods: the science of early childhood development. Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development. Washington: National Academy Press; 2000.

Farklı gelişimsel problemlerin ilk bulgusu: Konuşma gecikmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 6, 468 - 474, 23.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.587587

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada konuşma
gecikmesi yakınması ile başvuran çocukların sosyodemografik özelliklerinin,
ayırıcı tanılarının ve konuşma gecikmesi ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin
incelenmesi amaçlandı.



Gereç ve Yöntemler: Gelişimsel
pediatri polikliniğine “konuşma gecikmesi” yakınması
ile başvuran 2
22 çocuğun tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak
gözden geçirildi. Çocuklar Gelişimi İzleme ve Destekleme Rehberi (GİDR) ve
Bayley Bebekler İçin Gelişimsel Değerlendirme Ölçeği II kullanılarak
değerlendirildi.



Bulgular: Çocukların
%78’i ilk olarak çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları uzmanlarına başvurmuşlardı.
Olguların sadece %38,7’sinde ifade edici dil gelişiminde izole gecikme
saptanırken, %39.6’isında bilişsel gecikme, 
%14’ünde otizm spektrum bozukluğu saptandı. Çocukların %56.8’inin evde
kendisine ait kitabı yoktu. Kardeş sayısı arttıkça ve ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi
düştükçe kitaba sahip olma oranının düştüğü görüldü (p˂0,05). Çocukların sadece
%3.2’si okul öncesi eğitim alıyordu, %
15.8’ünün oyun alanı/park gibi yaşıt ilişkilerinin
sağlanacağı ortamlarda bulunma fırsatının olmadığı saptandı. Çocukların
çoğunluğunun (%82.4) ekran maruziyeti günde 4 saat ya da daha fazlaydı. Evde
kendisine ait kitabı olmayan ve ebeveyn eğitim süresi 8 yıl ve altında olan
çocukların MDI puanları daha düşük saptandı (p <0,05).



Sonuç: Konuşma gecikmesi ile
başvuran olgularda bilişsel gecikme, otizm spektrum bozukluğu gibi ciddi
nörogelişimsel sorunların da göz önüne alınması gerekmektedir. Çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları
uzmanları dil ve konuşma alanındaki gecikmelerin erken saptanmasında, uygun yönlendirilmesinde
ve dil gelişimini etkileyen değiştirilebilir koruyucu faktörler hakkında
ailelere rehberlik etmede önemli role sahiptirler. 

References

  • 1. Harel S, Greenstein Y, Kramer U, Yifat R, Samuel E, Nevo Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of children referred to a child development center for evaluation of speech, language, and communication disorders. Pediatr Neurol 1996; 15: 305-11.2. Law J, Boyle J, Harris F, Harkness A, Nye C. Prevalence and natural history of primary speech and language delay: findings from a systematic review of the literature. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2000; 35: 165-88.3. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Second ed. San Antonio: Tx: The Psychological Corporation; 1993. 4. Ozturk Ertem I, Krishnamurthy V, Mulaudzi MC, Sguassero Y, Bilik B, Srinivasan R, et al. Validation of the International Guide for Monitoring Child Development demonstrates good sensitivity and specificity in four diverse countries. Acta Paediatr 2018: 5. Ertem IO, Dogan DG, Gok CG, Kizilates SU, Caliskan A, Atay G, et al. A guide for monitoring child development in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatrics 2008; 121: e581-9.6. Kemper KJ, Babonis TR. Screening for maternal depression in pediatric clinics. Am J Dis Child 1992; 146: 876-8.7. Stevenson J, Richman N. The prevalence of language delay in a population of three-year-old children and its association with general retardation. Dev Med Child Neurol 1976; 18: 431-41.8. Silva PA. The prevalence, stability and significance of developmental language delay in preschool children. Dev Med Child Neurol 1980; 22: 768-77.9. Buschmann A, Jooss B, Rupp A, Dockter S, Blaschtikowitz H, Heggen I, et al. Children with developmental language delay at 24 months of age: results of a diagnostic work-up. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008; 50: 223-9.10. Zengin-Akkus P, Celen-Yoldas T, Kurtipek G, Ozmert EN. Speech delay in toddlers: Are they only `late talkers`? Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 165-72.11. Fagan MK, Montgomery TR. Managing referrals for children with receptive language delay. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2009; 48: 72-80.12. Luyster RJ, Kadlec MB, Carter A, Tager-Flusberg H. Language assessment and development in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2008; 38: 1426-38.13. Collisson BA, Graham SA, Preston JL, Rose MS, McDonald S, Tough S. Risk and Protective Factors for Late Talking: An Epidemiologic Investigation. J Pediatr 2016; 172: 168-74 e1.14. Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z, et al. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ 2018; 67: 1-23.15. Keegstra AL, Knijff WA, Post WJ, Goorhuis-Brouwer SM. Children with language problems in a speech and hearing clinic: background variables and extent of language problems. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2007; 71: 815-21.16. Needlman R, Silverstein M. Pediatric interventions to support reading aloud: how good is the evidence? J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 352-63.17. Data Research Center for Child and Adolescent Health. 2011/12 National Survey of Children’s Health. Available from: 03 July 2019. https://www.childhealthdata.org/docs/nsch-docs/sas-codebook_-2011-2012-nsch-v1_05-10-13.pdf. 18. Muluk NB, Bayoglu B, Anlar B. Language development and affecting factors in 3- to 6-year-old children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 271: 871-8.19. Asztalos EV, Church PT, Riley P, Fajardo C, Shah PS, Canadian Neonatal N, et al. Association between Primary Caregiver Education and Cognitive and Language Development of Preterm Neonates. Am J Perinatol 2017; 34: 364-71.20. Tamis-LeMonda CS, Shannon JD, Cabrera NJ, Lamb ME. Fathers and mothers at play with their 2- and 3-year-olds: contributions to language and cognitive development. Child Dev 2004; 75: 1806-20.21. Council On C, Media. Media and Young Minds. Pediatrics 2016; 138: e20162591.22. Duch H, Fisher EM, Ensari I, Font M, Harrington A, Taromino C, et al. Association of screen time use and language development in Hispanic toddlers: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2013; 52: 857-65.23. Lin LY, Cherng RJ, Chen YJ, Chen YJ, Yang HM. Effects of television exposure on developmental skills among young children. Infant Behav Dev 2015; 38: 20-6.24. Tomopoulos S, Dreyer BP, Valdez P, Flynn V, Foley G, Berkule SB, et al. Media content and externalizing behaviors in Latino toddlers. Ambul Pediatr 2007; 7: 232-8.25. Fisher J, Cabral de Mello M, Patel V, Rahman A, Tran T, Holton S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90: 139G-49G.26. McManus BM, Poehlmann J. Parent-child interaction, maternal depressive symptoms and preterm infant cognitive function. Infant Behav Dev 2012; 35: 489-98.27. Rescorla L, Alley A. Validation of the language development survey (LDS): a parent report tool for identifying language delay in toddlers. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2001; 44: 434-45.28. Feldman HM. Evaluation and management of language and speech disorders in preschool children. Pediatr Rev 2005; 26: 131-42.29. Glogowska M, Roulstone S, Peters TJ, Enderby P. Early speech- and language-impaired children: linguistic, literacy, and social outcomes. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006; 48: 489-94.30. Silva PA, Williams S, McGee R. A longitudinal study of children with developmental language delay at age three: later intelligence, reading and behaviour problems. Dev Med Child Neurol 1987; 29: 630-40.31. Robertson SB, Ellis Weismer S. Effects of treatment on linguistic and social skills in toddlers with delayed language development. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 1999; 42: 1234-48.32. From neurons to neighborhoods: the science of early childhood development. Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development. Washington: National Academy Press; 2000.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Pelin Çelik 0000-0002-3561-4542

İclal Ayrancı Sucaklı This is me 0000-0002-0995-2636

Halil İbrahim Yakut 0000-0001-6946-4995

Publication Date December 23, 2019
Submission Date July 5, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 13 Issue: 6

Cite

Vancouver Çelik P, Ayrancı Sucaklı İ, Yakut Hİ. Initial symptom of different developmental problems: Language delay. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2019;13(6):468-74.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


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