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Surfactant Treatment in Late Preterm and Term Newborns; Indications and Outcomes

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 200 - 206, 29.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.571497

Abstract

Objective: Surfactant therapy (ST) has significantly reduced mortality and respiratory morbidities among preterm

infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, majority of late preterm and term infants with respiratory

distress also suffer from non-RDS lung diseases. In some of these diseases, secondary surfactant deficiency may

develop and ST can be beneficial. In this study we evaluated the indications and early outcomes of ST in late preterm

and term infants.

Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 135 late preterm and term infants who

underwent ST between January 2009 and December 2012. The clinical characteristics of the patients, their diagnoses,

number of surfactant application and time of administration, FiO2 requirements before and after ST (1st and 6th

hours),duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate were evaluated.

Results: Among135 late preterm and term patients treated with ST, 78 (57.8%) were given ST due to lung disease other

than RDS and had longer mechanical ventilator duration. In addition, ≥ 2 doses of surfactant requirement, pulmonary

hypertension and mortality rate were found to be higher in these infants. Among patients with RDS, as expected, FiO2

requirement was found to decrease in the 1st and 6th hours after ST (0.60 to 0.50 & 0.37 and p <0.001). Sixteen

percent of newborns with congenital pneumonia required repeated surfactant doses. The FiO2 requirement after ST

was decreased in 42 patients with congenital pneumonia (0.67 to 0.65 & 0.48 and p <0.001). Sixteen patients with

severe meconium aspiration syndrome (median FiO2; 0.98) and 25 patients supporting with high frequency oscillatory

ventilation (HFOV) support did not benefit from ST (p = 0.71 and p = 0.964).

Conclusion: We observed that ST reduced oxygen requirement in the late preterm and term infants with RDS and

congenital pneumonia. However, we found that ST was not beneficial in the infants who applied HFOV due to severe

respiratory insufficiency. We think that prospective studies involving a larger number of patients are needed to determine






treatment options in these patient groups.

References

  • 1. Rubaltelli FF, Dani C, Reali MF, Bertini G, Wiechmann L, Tangucci M, et al. Acute neonatal respiratory distress in Italy: a one-year prospective study. Italian Group of Neonatal Pneumology. Acta Paediatr 1998;87:1261-8.
  • 2. Horowitz K, Feldman D, Stuart B, Borgida A, Ming Victor Fang Y, Herson V. Full-term neonatal intenstive care unit admission in an urban community hospital: the role of respiratory morbidity. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24: 1407-10.
  • 3. Consortium on Safe Labor, Hibbard JU, Wilkins I, Sun L, Gregory K, Haberman S, Hoffman M, et al. Respiratory morbidity in late preterm births. JAMA 2010; 304: 419-25.
  • 4. Soll RF. Prophylactic natural surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; 2: CD000511.
  • 5. Finer NN. Surfactant use for neonatal lung injury: beyond respiratory distress syndrome. Paediatr Respir Rev 2004; 5 Suppl A: 289-97.
  • 6. Engle WA; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Surfactant-replacement therapy for respiratory distress in the preterm and term neonate. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 419-32.
  • 7. D’Angio CT, Sinkin RA, Stevens TP, Landfish NK, Merzbach JL, Ryan RM, et al. Longitudinal, 15- year follow-up of children born at less than 29 weeks gestation after introduction of surfactant therapy into a region: neurologic, cognitive, and educational outcomes. Pediatrics 2002; 110:1094–102.
  • 8. Özkan H, Erdeve Ö, Kanmaz Kutman HG, Surfaktan tedavisi. Koç E, Vural M, editors. Türk Neonatoloji Derneği Respiratuvar Distres Sendromu ve Sürfaktan Tedavi Rehberi 2018; 9-10.
  • 9. Deshpande S, Suryawanshi P, Ahya K, Maheshwari R, Gupta S. Surfactant therapy for early onset pneumonia in late preterm and term neonates needing mechanical ventilation. J Clin Diagn Res 2017;11: SC09-SC12.
  • 10. Fetter WP, Baerts W, Bos AP, van Lingen RA. Surfactant replacement therapy in neonates with respiratory failure due to bacterial sepsis. Acta Paediatr 1995; 84: 14-6.

Geç Preterm ve Term Yenidoğanlarda Sürfaktan Tedavisi; Endikasyonlar ve Sonuçlar

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 200 - 206, 29.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.571497

Abstract

Amaç: Sürfaktan tedavisi (ST) respiratuvar distres sendromlu (RDS) pretermlerde mortalite ve solunumsal morbiditeleri


önemli oranda azaltmıştır. Bununla birlikte solunum sıkıntısı olan geç preterm ve term bebeklerin çoğunda RDS dışında


akciğer hastalıkları da mevcuttur. Bu hastalıkların bir kısmında sekonder sürfaktan eksikliği gelişmekte ve ST’nin yararı


olabilmektedir. Biz geç preterm ve term bebeklerde ST’nin endikasyonlarını ve erken dönem sonuçlarını değerlendirdik.


Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2009 - Aralık 2012 tarihleri arasında ST uygulanan 135 geç preterm ve term bebeğin


medikal kayıtları retrospektif değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, tanıları, sürfaktan uygulama sayısı ve


uygulanma zamanı, ST öncesi ve sonrası (1. ve 6. saat) FiO2 gereksinimleri, mekanik ventilasyon süresi ve mortalite


oranları incelendi.


Bulgular: Sürfaktan tedavisi uygulanan 135 geç preterm ve term bebeğin 78’ine (%57.8) RDS dışı akciğer hastalıkları


nedeniyle ST verilmiş olup, bu hastaların mekanik ventilasyon süreleri daha uzun, ≥ 2 doz ST gereksinimi, pulmoner


hipertansiyon ve mortalite oranları daha yüksekti. RDS’li hastaların ST sonrası 1. ve 6. saatlerdeki FiO2 ihtiyacı beklendiği


şekilde azaldı (0.60’dan 0.50 & 0.3, p< 0.001). Konjenital pnömonili yenidoğanların %16’sının tekrarlayan sürfaktandozlarına ihtiyaç duyduğu görüldü. Konjenital pnömonisi olan 42 hastanın da ST sonrası FiO2 gereksinimi azaldı (sırasıyla 0.77’den 0.65






& 0.48 ve p<0.001). Mekonyum aspirasyon sendromlu (ortanca FiO2 0.98) 16 hasta ve yüksek frekanslı osilatuar ventilasyon (YFOV)


desteğine ihtiyaç duyan 25 hasta ise (hastaların 13’ü MAS) ST’den yarar görmedi (p=0.71 ve p=0.964).


Sonuç: Respiratuvar distres sendromlu ve konjenital pnömonili term ve geç preterm bebeklerde ST’nin oksijen gereksinimini azalttığı


sonucuna varıldı. Bununla birlikte, ciddi solunum yetmezliği nedeniyle YFOV gereksinimi olan bebeklerde ST’nin yararlı olmadığı saptandı.


Bu hasta gruplarında tedavi seçeneklerinin belirlenmesi için daha fazla hasta sayısını içeren prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünüldü.

References

  • 1. Rubaltelli FF, Dani C, Reali MF, Bertini G, Wiechmann L, Tangucci M, et al. Acute neonatal respiratory distress in Italy: a one-year prospective study. Italian Group of Neonatal Pneumology. Acta Paediatr 1998;87:1261-8.
  • 2. Horowitz K, Feldman D, Stuart B, Borgida A, Ming Victor Fang Y, Herson V. Full-term neonatal intenstive care unit admission in an urban community hospital: the role of respiratory morbidity. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24: 1407-10.
  • 3. Consortium on Safe Labor, Hibbard JU, Wilkins I, Sun L, Gregory K, Haberman S, Hoffman M, et al. Respiratory morbidity in late preterm births. JAMA 2010; 304: 419-25.
  • 4. Soll RF. Prophylactic natural surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; 2: CD000511.
  • 5. Finer NN. Surfactant use for neonatal lung injury: beyond respiratory distress syndrome. Paediatr Respir Rev 2004; 5 Suppl A: 289-97.
  • 6. Engle WA; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Surfactant-replacement therapy for respiratory distress in the preterm and term neonate. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 419-32.
  • 7. D’Angio CT, Sinkin RA, Stevens TP, Landfish NK, Merzbach JL, Ryan RM, et al. Longitudinal, 15- year follow-up of children born at less than 29 weeks gestation after introduction of surfactant therapy into a region: neurologic, cognitive, and educational outcomes. Pediatrics 2002; 110:1094–102.
  • 8. Özkan H, Erdeve Ö, Kanmaz Kutman HG, Surfaktan tedavisi. Koç E, Vural M, editors. Türk Neonatoloji Derneği Respiratuvar Distres Sendromu ve Sürfaktan Tedavi Rehberi 2018; 9-10.
  • 9. Deshpande S, Suryawanshi P, Ahya K, Maheshwari R, Gupta S. Surfactant therapy for early onset pneumonia in late preterm and term neonates needing mechanical ventilation. J Clin Diagn Res 2017;11: SC09-SC12.
  • 10. Fetter WP, Baerts W, Bos AP, van Lingen RA. Surfactant replacement therapy in neonates with respiratory failure due to bacterial sepsis. Acta Paediatr 1995; 84: 14-6.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

İsmail Kürşad Gökçe

Publication Date May 29, 2020
Submission Date August 13, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Gökçe İK. Surfactant Treatment in Late Preterm and Term Newborns; Indications and Outcomes. Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2020;14(3):200-6.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


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