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Farklı Basamaklardaki Sağlık Kuruluşlarına Başvuran Ailelerin Çocukları ile Oyun Oynama, Kitap Okuma ve Ekran İzletme Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 5, 422 - 427, 29.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.561164

Abstract

Amaç



Sağlık sistemi bütün çocuklara sosyoekonomik durumdan bağımsız olarak erişebilmenin tek yoludur ve çocuk sağlığı hizmeti verenler ailelere ulaşabilmek için anahtar konumdadırlar. Günümüzde oyun, okuma ve ekran izleme alışkanlıkları çocukların gelişimini etkileyen en temel konular olarak bilinmektedir ancak bu alışkanlıklara dair ülkemizde yeterli veri yoktur. Çalışmamızda ebeveynlerin çocuklarıyla oyun oynama, kitap okuma ve ekran izletme alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmeyi ve bu alışkanlıkların sağlık sisteminin her düzeyinde nasıl ayrıştığını araştırmayı amaçladık.



Gereç ve yöntemler



Gelişimsel Pediatri Bilim Dalı tarafından Ocak
2015- Ocak 2016 tarihleri arasında yürütülen bu çalışmada
1-6 yaş arasındaki çocuklarına yönelik tıbbi bir hizmet için başvuran toplam
451 ebeveyne (156’ sı üçüncü basamak sağlık merkezi-Üniversite Hastanesi-ÜH,
148 'i ikinci basamak sağlık merkezi-Devlet Hastanesi-DH ve 147 'si birinci
basamak sağlık merkezi- Aile Sağlığı Merkezi-ASM) bir anket verildi. Bu ankette
sosyodemografik bilgilerin yanında ebeveynlerin çocukları ile oyun oynama,
çocuklarına kitap okuma ve çocukların televizyon izleme alışkanlıkları
değerlendirildi.



Bulgular



Toplam örneklemde her 5 ebeveynden 1' i çocuklarıyla oyun oynamıyordu, kurumlar arası fark yoktu (p=0,063) ancak oynamayanlar DH' de (% 25,3) en fazlaydı. Oyun oynamama düşük sosyoekonomik durumla ilişkiliydi (p=0,020). Ebeveynlerin % 46,3’ ü çocuklarına kitap okumuyordu, kurumlar arası fark vardır (p=0,021), okumayanlar ÜH' de (% 51,9) en fazlaydı. Yaşla kitap okuma oranları artmaktaydı (p = 0,000), ortanca başlangıç yaşı 23 aydı. Kitap okumamayı etkileyen faktörler çocuk yaşı, anne yaşı ve sosyoekonomik durumdu (p<0,05). Çocuğun ekran izlediği ortalama süre 2,64 saatti ve kurumlar arası fark vardı (p=0,000), süre DH’ de (3,22 saat) en fazlaydı. Ekran izleme süresi 36 aydan sonra belirgin artmaktaydı (p = 0,000). 



Sonuç



Birlikte
oyun oynamama DH’ de, düzenli kitap okumama ÜH’ de, ekran izleme süresi DH’ de
daha fazlaydı. Çocuk hekimlerinin görev yaptığı 2. ve 3. basamak sağlık
kuruluşlarına başvuran aile ve çocukların gelişimsel olarak daha fazla desteğe
ve yönlendirmeye ihtiyacı olduğu bulundu. Sağlık hizmetinin seviyesine göre
müdahalelerin planlanması gerektiği söylenebilir.

Objective

The health system is the only way to access all young children and pediatric care providers are in the key position. Currently playing, reading and screen viewing habits are known as fundamental issues that affect child development however, there is insufficient data relating these issues in our country. We aimed to evaluate playing, reading and screen viewing habits of parents and how these habits are separated at different levels of health centers. 

 

Material and Methods

A total of 451 parents (156 from third level - University Hospital-UH, 148
secondary level state hospital-SH and 147 from family health centers) attending
a medical appointment for their 1-6 years old children in an outpatient clinic
from January 2015 to January 2016 were given a questionnaire including socio-demographic data and the habits of families
relating playing and reading and screen viewing.

Results

One out of 5 parents didn’t play with their children, there wasn’t a difference between centers however, this rate was higher in SH (% 25,3). Playing not with the child was related to low socioeconomic status (p=0,020). In total % 46,3 of parents didn’t read to their child, this rate was highest in UH (% 51,9). The frequency of reading was increased with age, the median age to start reading was the age of 23 months. Factors relating not reading were child age, maternal age and socioeconomic status. Mean screen time of children was 2,64 hours and, it was highest in SH (3,22 hours). Screen time was increased significantly after the age of 36 months (p = 0,000). 

Conclusion

It was found that the families and children who
applied to secondary and third level Health centers where pediatricians worked
were more need to be supported and guided. İnterventions should be planned
according to the level of health services.

 





















Key words: child, family, playing, reading book, screen viewing

References

  • 1)Ertem IO, Pekcici EB, Gok CG, Ozbas S, Ozcebe H, Beyazova U. Addressing early childhood development in primary health care: experience from a middle-income country. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2009;30(4):319-26.
  • 2)Grantham-McGregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B. International Child Development Steering Group. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet 2007; 6(369):60-70.
  • 3)Black MM, Walker SP, Fernald LCH, Andersen CT, DiGirolamo AM, Lu C, et al. Lancet Early Childhood Development SeriesSteeringCommittee.Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course. Lancet 2017; 7(389):77-90.
  • 4)Schor EL. The future pediatrician: promoting children's health and development. J Pediatr 2007;151(5):11-6.
  • 5) Oberklaid F, Efron D. Developmental delay-identification and management. Aust Fam Physician 2005;34(9):739-42.
  • 6)Rikhy S, Tough S, Trute B, Benzies K, Kehler H, Johnston DW. Gauging knowledge of developmental milestones among Albertan adults: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2010; 8(10):183-192.
  • 7) Farley Jl, Whipple Ee. Expandıng ınfant mental health treatment servıces to at-rısk preschoolers and theır famılıes through the ıntegratıon of relatıonal play therapy.Infant Ment Health J 2017;38(5):669-679.
  • 8)High PC, Klass P, Council on Early Childhood. Literacy promotion: an essential component of primary care pediatric practice. Pediatrics 2014;134(2):404-9.
  • 9)Hollingshead AB, Redlich FC. Social class and mental illness: a community study. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(10):1756-7.
  • 10)Milteer RM, Ginsburg KR; Council On Communications And Media; Committee On PsychosocialAspectsOf Child and FamilyHealth. The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bond: focus on children in poverty. Pediatrics 2011;129(1):204-13.
  • 11)Garner AS, Shonkoff JP; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care; Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician: translating developmental science into lifelong health. Pediatrics 2012;129(1).
  • 12)Brown A; Council on Communications and Media. Media use by children younger than 2 years. Pediatrics 2011;128(5):1040– 1045.
  • 13)Reid Chassiakos YL, Radesky J, Christakis D, Moreno MA, Cross C; Councıl on Communıcatıons and Medıa. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics 2016;138(5): e20162593.
  • 14) Rhodes A, Sciberras E, Oberklaid F, South M, Davies S, Efron D. Unmet developmental, behavioral, and psychosocial needs in children attending pediatric outpatient clinics. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2012;33(6):469-78.
  • 15) Sand N, Silverstein M, Glascoe FP, Gupta VB, Tonniges TP, O'Connor KG. Pediatricians' reported practices regarding developmental screening: do guidelines work? Do they help? Pediatrics 2005;116(1):174-9.
Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 5, 422 - 427, 29.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.561164

Abstract

References

  • 1)Ertem IO, Pekcici EB, Gok CG, Ozbas S, Ozcebe H, Beyazova U. Addressing early childhood development in primary health care: experience from a middle-income country. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2009;30(4):319-26.
  • 2)Grantham-McGregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B. International Child Development Steering Group. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet 2007; 6(369):60-70.
  • 3)Black MM, Walker SP, Fernald LCH, Andersen CT, DiGirolamo AM, Lu C, et al. Lancet Early Childhood Development SeriesSteeringCommittee.Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course. Lancet 2017; 7(389):77-90.
  • 4)Schor EL. The future pediatrician: promoting children's health and development. J Pediatr 2007;151(5):11-6.
  • 5) Oberklaid F, Efron D. Developmental delay-identification and management. Aust Fam Physician 2005;34(9):739-42.
  • 6)Rikhy S, Tough S, Trute B, Benzies K, Kehler H, Johnston DW. Gauging knowledge of developmental milestones among Albertan adults: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2010; 8(10):183-192.
  • 7) Farley Jl, Whipple Ee. Expandıng ınfant mental health treatment servıces to at-rısk preschoolers and theır famılıes through the ıntegratıon of relatıonal play therapy.Infant Ment Health J 2017;38(5):669-679.
  • 8)High PC, Klass P, Council on Early Childhood. Literacy promotion: an essential component of primary care pediatric practice. Pediatrics 2014;134(2):404-9.
  • 9)Hollingshead AB, Redlich FC. Social class and mental illness: a community study. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(10):1756-7.
  • 10)Milteer RM, Ginsburg KR; Council On Communications And Media; Committee On PsychosocialAspectsOf Child and FamilyHealth. The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bond: focus on children in poverty. Pediatrics 2011;129(1):204-13.
  • 11)Garner AS, Shonkoff JP; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care; Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician: translating developmental science into lifelong health. Pediatrics 2012;129(1).
  • 12)Brown A; Council on Communications and Media. Media use by children younger than 2 years. Pediatrics 2011;128(5):1040– 1045.
  • 13)Reid Chassiakos YL, Radesky J, Christakis D, Moreno MA, Cross C; Councıl on Communıcatıons and Medıa. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics 2016;138(5): e20162593.
  • 14) Rhodes A, Sciberras E, Oberklaid F, South M, Davies S, Efron D. Unmet developmental, behavioral, and psychosocial needs in children attending pediatric outpatient clinics. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2012;33(6):469-78.
  • 15) Sand N, Silverstein M, Glascoe FP, Gupta VB, Tonniges TP, O'Connor KG. Pediatricians' reported practices regarding developmental screening: do guidelines work? Do they help? Pediatrics 2005;116(1):174-9.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Tuba Çelen Yoldaş

Elif Nursel Özmert This is me

Publication Date September 29, 2020
Submission Date May 7, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 14 Issue: 5

Cite

Vancouver Çelen Yoldaş T, Özmert EN. Farklı Basamaklardaki Sağlık Kuruluşlarına Başvuran Ailelerin Çocukları ile Oyun Oynama, Kitap Okuma ve Ekran İzletme Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2020;14(5):422-7.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


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