Objective: Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are rare central nervous system abnormalities that are caused by disruption of normal cortical development stages, including neural cell proliferation, cell type differentiation, neuronal migration, and final neuronal positioning. It has different phenotypic presentations which largely depend on the underlying cause of the disorder and is associated with other neurologic and systemic disorders. MCD frequently present with seizures, various degrees of developmental delay, and intellectual disability.
Material and Methods: The findings of clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and magnetic resonance imaging of thirty-six patients
diagnosed with MCD in the last five years have been reported. Responses to drug therapies in epileptic patients and phenotypic
expressions in patients with the genetically proved mutation were also reviewed.
Results: Developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures (%72) were the main clinical findings. MCD has been recognized with
magnetic resonance imaging in all patients. Diffuse cortical malformations have been detected in a third of our patients. Single and/or
multiple brain lobe involvements have been determined in other patients. Congenital muscular dystrophy was the most diagnosed disease
in the patients who had elucidated with genetic tests.
Conclusion: Seizures, developmental delay, and intellectual disability could be caused by many disorders including MCD. The type and
diffusiveness of the MCD, associated neurologic and systemic findings should be accurately evaluated. Recent developments in genetic
methods have improved the accurate diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and treatment planning strategies in patients with MCD.
Amaç: Kortikal gelişimsel malformasyonlar (KGM) nöronal hücrelerin gelişimi, göçü ve yerleşim evrelerinde görülen bozukluklar nedeniyle ortaya çıkan ve nadir görülen santral sinir istemi anomalileridir. Etyoloji, eşlik edebilen diğer nörolojik ve sistemik durumlar nedeniyle oldukça heterojen fenotip çeşitliliğe sahip olan KGM, en sık olarak nöbet, motor ve bilişsel gerilik bulgularından bir veya birkaçının bir arada bulunduğu tablo ile ortaya çıkar.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Son beş yıl içinde KGM tanısı alan 36 hastanın klinik, laboratuvar, elektrofizyolojik ve görüntüleme bulguları sunulmuştur. Genetik testlerle kesin mutasyon gösterilebilen hastaların fenotipi, epilepsisi olan hastalarda ilaç yanıtları gözden geçirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastaların en sık başvuru nedeninin motor ve bilişsel gerilik olduğu ve %72 hastada nöbetlerin eşlik ettiği saptandı. Hastaların üçte birinde tüm beyin loblarını tutan yaygın KGM, üçte ikisinde bir ya da birden çok lobu içeren malformasyon olduğu görüldü. Genetik mutasyonu gösterilen sekiz hastanın yarısında saptanmış olan konjenital müsküler distrofi en sık saptanan genetik tanılı durumdu. Hastaların tümünde KGM görüntüleme yöntemleriyle saptandı.
Sonuç: Oldukça geniş bir etyolojiye sahip olan nöbetler, motor ve bilişsel geriliğin bir arada olduğu klinik ile başvuran hastalarda görüntüleme yöntemleriyle saptanmış olan KGM’nin tipi, yaygınlığı, eşlik eden diğer santral sinir sistemi anormallikleri ve muayene bulguları tanı aşamasında yol göstericidir. Tüm bulgular bir arada değerlendirilerek bir sonraki aşamada yapılacak testler belirlenmelidir. Genetik bilimindeki gelişmeler, yeni teknikler ve yaygınlaşan test imkânları bu hastalıkların tanısı, tedavi seçenekleri ve prognozlarının öngörülmesinde ve genetik danışma ve planlamalar açısından önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Internal Diseases |
Journal Section | ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
Authors | |
Publication Date | September 23, 2021 |
Submission Date | April 5, 2021 |
Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 5 |
The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.
Manuscripts submitted to the Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease will go through a double-blind peer-review process. Each submission will be reviewed by at least two external, independent peer reviewers who are experts in the field, in order to ensure an unbiased evaluation process. The editorial board will invite an external and independent editor to manage the evaluation processes of manuscripts submitted by editors or by the editorial board members of the journal. The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all submissions. Articles accepted for publication in the Turkish Journal of Pediatrics are put in the order of publication, with at least 10 original articles in each issue, taking into account the acceptance dates. If the articles sent to the reviewers for evaluation are assessed as a senior for publication by the reviewers, the section editor and the editor considering all aspects (originality, high scientific quality and citation potential), it receives publication priority in addition to the articles assigned for the next issue.
The aim of the Turkish Journal of Pediatrics is to publish high-quality original research articles that will contribute to the international literature in the field of general pediatric health and diseases and its sub-branches. It also publishes editorial opinions, letters to the editor, reviews, case reports, book reviews, comments on previously published articles, meeting and conference proceedings, announcements, and biography. In addition to the field of child health and diseases, the journal also includes articles prepared in fields such as surgery, dentistry, public health, nutrition and dietetics, social services, human genetics, basic sciences, psychology, psychiatry, educational sciences, sociology and nursing, provided that they are related to this field. can be published.