Research Article
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Comparison of Early Language Skills of Premature and Full-term Infants

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 6, 501 - 506, 26.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.780093

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare receptive and expressive language skills in premature and full-term babies under the newborn hearing screening follow-up program.

Material and Methods: A total of 130 babies were evaluated, of which 68 were premature and 62 were healthy full-term babies. Hearing function was assessed in all infants with the Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) tests according to hospital’s screening protocol and found normal in all. Assessment of receptive and expressive language skills in both premature and full-term babies was based on the Preschool Language Scale-Fifth Edition (PLS-5) language test. PLS-5 items were applied face-to-face with the mothers of the babies, using the question-answer technique. The test time is on average 80 days for premature babies and 41 days for term babies.

Results: As a result of the study, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of auditory perception and expressive language age (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the results showed a high positive correlation between auditory perception and expressive language age in premature infants and a moderate positive correlation between the same in full-term babies. In both infant groups, auditory perception skills increase in parallel with the expressive language skills.

Conclusion: Premature birth is a risk factor for language development and negative effects begin to show as the premature baby grows (especially after 6-12 months). Therefore, it is important to monitor and assess premature babies during the critical age bracket of linguistic development, which is 0-2 years, for an early diagnosis and treatment of linguistic delays that may affect them later in life.

References

  • 1. Soysal AS. Bebeklik Psikiyatrisinde Alternatif Bir Alt Alan: Erken Doğan Bebekler. Asimetrik Paralel: İstanbul, 2007.
  • 2. Trawick-Swith J. Early Childhood Development (A Multicultural Perspective). 5th Ed. Nobel: Ankara, 2013.
  • 3. Santrock JW. Life-Span Development. 13th Ed. Nobel: Ankara, 2015.
  • 4. Msall ME, Tremont MR. Measuring functional outcomes after prematurity: developmental impact of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight status on childhood disability. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2002;8(4):258-272. doi:10.1002/mrdd.10046
  • 5. Xu Y, Filler JW. Linking assessment and intervention for developmental/ functional outcomes of premature, low- birth-weight children. Early Child Educ J 2005; 32:6–13.
  • 6. Ertem IO, Bayhan A, Bayram O. Prematüre Bebeklerin Gelişimlerinin İzlenmesi ve Desteklenmesi. Gelişimsel Pediatri Kitabı. Çocuk Hastalıkları Araştırma Vakfı, 2005.
  • 7. American Academy of Pediatrics. Follow up Care of High Risk Infants. Pediatr 2004; 114(5):1377–97.
  • 8. World Health Organization (WHO). Preterm birth 2015.(Accessed 05 December 2018). Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/
  • 9. Okumuş N. Prematüre ve sorunlara genel bakış. Hayata Prematüre Başlayanlar Kitabı. Aysun Yayıncılık: Ankara, 2012.
  • 10. Bakkaloğlu H. Prenatal, natal ve postnatal süreçte gelişim ve risk. Very Young Children with Special Needs Kitabı. Nobel: Ankara, 2011.
  • 11. Xananth CV, Friedman AV, Bannerman CG. Epidemiology of moderate preterm, late preterm and early term delivery. Clin Perinatol 2013;40:601–10.
  • 12. Peterson NL. Early intervention for handicapped and at-risk children. London: Love Publishing Company, 1998.
  • 13. Aylward GP, Pfeiffer SI, Wright A, Verhulst SJ. Outcome studies of low birth weight infants published in the last decade: A meta analysis. J Pediatr 1989;115:515–520.
  • 14. Marlow N, Roberts BL, Cooke RW. Motor skills in extremely low birth weight children at age of 6 years. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64:839–847.
  • 15. Saigal S, Szatmari P, Rosenbaum P, Campbell D, King S. Cognitive abilities and school performance of exremely low birth weihgt children and matched term control children at age 8 years: a regional study. J Pediatr 1998;87:654–666.
  • 16. Sung IK, Vohr B, Oh W. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight infants with intrauterine growth retardation: comparison with control subjects matched by birth weight and gestational age. J Pediatr. 1993;123(4):618-624. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80965-5
  • 17. Snow CW, Mcgaha CG. Infant Development. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2003.
  • 18. Ertem IO. Prematürelerin gelişimsel sorunları ve gelişimsel izlem. Hayata Prematüre Başlayanlar Kitabı. Aysun Yayıncılık: Ankara, 2012.
  • 19. Cak T, Görker I. Prematüre Bebek ve Ruh Sağlığı (0-4 Yaş) Temel Kitabı. Türkiye Çocuk ve Genç Psikiyatrisi Derneği Yayınları:6, 2012.
  • 20. Berk LE. Infants and Children. In: Prenatal Through Middle Childhood. Nobel: Ankara, 2013.
  • 21. Colvin M, Mcguire W, Fowlie PW. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Preterm Birth. BMJ 2004; 329:1390-1393.
  • 22. Zimmerman IL, Steiner VG, Pond RE. Preschool Language Scales–Fifth Edition PLS-5). San Antonio: Pearson, 2011.
  • 23. Sahli AS, Belgin E. Adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Preschool Language Scale-Fifth Edition (PLS-5) in the Turkish context: The Turkish Preschool Language Scale-5 (TPLS-5). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;98:143-149. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.05.003
  • 24. Sahli AS, Belgin E. Preschool Language Scale-5 (PLS-5).Administration and Scoring Manual, Türkiye Pearson,2016.
  • 25. Rossetti LM. Communication Intervention: Birth to Three. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, 2001.
  • 26. Jansson-Verkasalo E, Ruusuvirta T, Huotilainen M, et al. Atypical perceptual narrowing in prematurely born infants is associated with compromised language acquisition at 2 years of age. BMC Neurosci. 2010;11:88. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-88
  • 27. Tanner Allison M. The Effects of Premature Birth on Language Development. Research Papers. Paper 250, 2012. Available from: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp/250
  • 28. Özbek A. Prematüre Çocuklarda Gelişimsel, Davranışsal, Coşkusal Özellikler ile Bunlara Etki Eden Etmenler. Uzmanlık tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi: İzmir, 2002.
  • 29. Karaaslan BT. Çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematüre bebeklerin iki-üç yaş döneminde gelişimsel durumlarının ve gelişimlerini etkileyen etmenlerin araştırılması. Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi: Ankara, 2008.
  • 30. Korkmaz A, Canpolat FE, Armangil D, Anlar B, Yiğit S, Yurdakök M, Tekinalp G. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İhsan Doğramacı Çocuk Hastanesi 2003-2006 Dönemi Çok Düşük Doğum Ağırlıklı Bebeklerin Uzun Süreli İzlem Sonuçları. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2009;52:101–112.
  • 31. Aarnoudse-Moens CS, Weisglas-Kuperus N, van Goudoever JB, Oosterlaan J. Meta-analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children. Pediatrics. 2009;124(2):717-728. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2816.
  • 32. Bolatbaş E, Bıçakçı Y. Investigation of the development of prematüre and non-premature children. Recent Advances in Health Sciences: Kliment Ohridski University, Sofia, 2016.
  • 33. Bühler KE, Limongi SC, Diniz EM. Language and cognition in very low birth weight preterm infants with PELCDO application. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2009;67(2A):242-249. doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2009000200013

Prematüre ve Term Bebeklerin Erken Dil Gelişimi Becerilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 6, 501 - 506, 26.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.780093

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, takip programındaki prematüre ve term bebeklerin alıcı ve ifade edici dil becerilerilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır.


Gereç ve Yöntem:
Çalışmada 68 prematüre ve 62 term bebek olmak üzere toplam 130 bebek değerlendirilmiştir. Bebeklerin tamamının işitme fonksiyonları hastanenin tarama protokolüne göre Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) ve Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) testleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Prematüre ve term bebeklerin alıcı ve ifade edici dil becerilerinin değerlendirilmesinde Okul Öncesi Dil Ölçeği-5 kullanılmıştır.


Sonuç:
Çalışma sonucunda her iki grup arasında işitsel algı ve ifade edici dil yaşları bakımından istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Bununla birlikte, sonuçlar prematüre bebeklerde işitsel algı ile ifade edici dil yaşı arasında yüksek pozitif bir korelasyon, term bebeklerde ise orta pozitif bir korelasyon göstermiştir. Her iki grupta da işitsel algı becerilerinin ifade edici dil becerilerine paralel olarak artış gösterdiği görülmektedir.


Tartışma:
Prematüre doğum dil gelişimi için bir risk faktörüdür ve prematüre bebek büyüdükçe (özellikle 6-12 ay sonra) olumsuz etkiler görülmeye başlar. Bu nedenle, prematüre bebekleri, dil gelişiminin kritik yaş aralığı olan 0-2 yaş aralığında izlemek ve değerlendirmek, daha sonraki yaşamlarında onları etkileyebilecek olan dil gecikmelerinin erken teşhis ve tedavisi için önemlidir.

References

  • 1. Soysal AS. Bebeklik Psikiyatrisinde Alternatif Bir Alt Alan: Erken Doğan Bebekler. Asimetrik Paralel: İstanbul, 2007.
  • 2. Trawick-Swith J. Early Childhood Development (A Multicultural Perspective). 5th Ed. Nobel: Ankara, 2013.
  • 3. Santrock JW. Life-Span Development. 13th Ed. Nobel: Ankara, 2015.
  • 4. Msall ME, Tremont MR. Measuring functional outcomes after prematurity: developmental impact of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight status on childhood disability. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2002;8(4):258-272. doi:10.1002/mrdd.10046
  • 5. Xu Y, Filler JW. Linking assessment and intervention for developmental/ functional outcomes of premature, low- birth-weight children. Early Child Educ J 2005; 32:6–13.
  • 6. Ertem IO, Bayhan A, Bayram O. Prematüre Bebeklerin Gelişimlerinin İzlenmesi ve Desteklenmesi. Gelişimsel Pediatri Kitabı. Çocuk Hastalıkları Araştırma Vakfı, 2005.
  • 7. American Academy of Pediatrics. Follow up Care of High Risk Infants. Pediatr 2004; 114(5):1377–97.
  • 8. World Health Organization (WHO). Preterm birth 2015.(Accessed 05 December 2018). Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/
  • 9. Okumuş N. Prematüre ve sorunlara genel bakış. Hayata Prematüre Başlayanlar Kitabı. Aysun Yayıncılık: Ankara, 2012.
  • 10. Bakkaloğlu H. Prenatal, natal ve postnatal süreçte gelişim ve risk. Very Young Children with Special Needs Kitabı. Nobel: Ankara, 2011.
  • 11. Xananth CV, Friedman AV, Bannerman CG. Epidemiology of moderate preterm, late preterm and early term delivery. Clin Perinatol 2013;40:601–10.
  • 12. Peterson NL. Early intervention for handicapped and at-risk children. London: Love Publishing Company, 1998.
  • 13. Aylward GP, Pfeiffer SI, Wright A, Verhulst SJ. Outcome studies of low birth weight infants published in the last decade: A meta analysis. J Pediatr 1989;115:515–520.
  • 14. Marlow N, Roberts BL, Cooke RW. Motor skills in extremely low birth weight children at age of 6 years. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64:839–847.
  • 15. Saigal S, Szatmari P, Rosenbaum P, Campbell D, King S. Cognitive abilities and school performance of exremely low birth weihgt children and matched term control children at age 8 years: a regional study. J Pediatr 1998;87:654–666.
  • 16. Sung IK, Vohr B, Oh W. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight infants with intrauterine growth retardation: comparison with control subjects matched by birth weight and gestational age. J Pediatr. 1993;123(4):618-624. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80965-5
  • 17. Snow CW, Mcgaha CG. Infant Development. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2003.
  • 18. Ertem IO. Prematürelerin gelişimsel sorunları ve gelişimsel izlem. Hayata Prematüre Başlayanlar Kitabı. Aysun Yayıncılık: Ankara, 2012.
  • 19. Cak T, Görker I. Prematüre Bebek ve Ruh Sağlığı (0-4 Yaş) Temel Kitabı. Türkiye Çocuk ve Genç Psikiyatrisi Derneği Yayınları:6, 2012.
  • 20. Berk LE. Infants and Children. In: Prenatal Through Middle Childhood. Nobel: Ankara, 2013.
  • 21. Colvin M, Mcguire W, Fowlie PW. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Preterm Birth. BMJ 2004; 329:1390-1393.
  • 22. Zimmerman IL, Steiner VG, Pond RE. Preschool Language Scales–Fifth Edition PLS-5). San Antonio: Pearson, 2011.
  • 23. Sahli AS, Belgin E. Adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Preschool Language Scale-Fifth Edition (PLS-5) in the Turkish context: The Turkish Preschool Language Scale-5 (TPLS-5). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;98:143-149. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.05.003
  • 24. Sahli AS, Belgin E. Preschool Language Scale-5 (PLS-5).Administration and Scoring Manual, Türkiye Pearson,2016.
  • 25. Rossetti LM. Communication Intervention: Birth to Three. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, 2001.
  • 26. Jansson-Verkasalo E, Ruusuvirta T, Huotilainen M, et al. Atypical perceptual narrowing in prematurely born infants is associated with compromised language acquisition at 2 years of age. BMC Neurosci. 2010;11:88. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-88
  • 27. Tanner Allison M. The Effects of Premature Birth on Language Development. Research Papers. Paper 250, 2012. Available from: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp/250
  • 28. Özbek A. Prematüre Çocuklarda Gelişimsel, Davranışsal, Coşkusal Özellikler ile Bunlara Etki Eden Etmenler. Uzmanlık tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi: İzmir, 2002.
  • 29. Karaaslan BT. Çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematüre bebeklerin iki-üç yaş döneminde gelişimsel durumlarının ve gelişimlerini etkileyen etmenlerin araştırılması. Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi: Ankara, 2008.
  • 30. Korkmaz A, Canpolat FE, Armangil D, Anlar B, Yiğit S, Yurdakök M, Tekinalp G. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İhsan Doğramacı Çocuk Hastanesi 2003-2006 Dönemi Çok Düşük Doğum Ağırlıklı Bebeklerin Uzun Süreli İzlem Sonuçları. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2009;52:101–112.
  • 31. Aarnoudse-Moens CS, Weisglas-Kuperus N, van Goudoever JB, Oosterlaan J. Meta-analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children. Pediatrics. 2009;124(2):717-728. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2816.
  • 32. Bolatbaş E, Bıçakçı Y. Investigation of the development of prematüre and non-premature children. Recent Advances in Health Sciences: Kliment Ohridski University, Sofia, 2016.
  • 33. Bühler KE, Limongi SC, Diniz EM. Language and cognition in very low birth weight preterm infants with PELCDO application. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2009;67(2A):242-249. doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2009000200013
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Ayşe Sanem Şahlı 0000-0001-5050-8994

Gençay Sungur 0000-0003-2454-5067

Cüneyt Tayman 0000-0002-1861-2262

Publication Date November 26, 2021
Submission Date August 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 6

Cite

Vancouver Şahlı AS, Sungur G, Tayman C. Comparison of Early Language Skills of Premature and Full-term Infants. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2021;15(6):501-6.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


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