Case Report
BibTex RIS Cite

A confusing final diagnosis in the differential diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Salmonellosis

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 5, 455 - 460, 20.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.968975

Abstract

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a severe clinical condition associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection characterized by an increased inflammatory response. MIS-C shares common features with other pediatric inflammatory and infectious conditions including bacterial infections. Salmonella infections should be kept in mind as a causative agent of bacterial gastroenteritis in the differential diagnosis of patients with suspected MIS-C to avoid misdiagnosis. In this report, a case series of pediatric patients with a final diagnosis of salmonellosis were presented, although a primarily diagnosis of MIS-C at admission was considered due to symptoms and findings together with strong laboratory or epidemiological evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

References

  • 1. Radia T, Williams N, Agrawal P,  Harman K, Weale J, Cook J,  et al.  Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children & adolescents (MIS-C): A systematic review of clinical features and presentation. Paediatr Respir Rev 2020:S1526-0542(20)30117-2.
  • 2. Lee PY, Day-Lewis M, Henderson LA, Friedman KG, Lo J, Roberts JE, et al.  Distinct clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2-induced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Inves. 2020:141113.
  • 3. Consiglio CR, Cotugno N, Sardh F, Pou C, Amodio D, Rodriguez L, et al. CACTUS Study Team, Landegren N, Palma P, Brodin P. The Immunology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with COVID-19. Cell 2020:S0092-8674(20)31157-0.
  • 4. Aronoff SC, Hall A, Del Vecchio MT. The Natural History of SARS-Cov-2 Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): A Systematic Review. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020:piaa112.
  • 5. Dufort EM, Koumans EH, Chow EJ, Rosenthal EM, Muse A, Rowlands J, et al. New York State and CDC Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Investigation Team. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State. N Engl J Med 2020;383:347–58.
  • 6. Pereira F, Hsu D. Diarrhea. In: Shaw KN, Bachur RG (eds). Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer: Philadelphia, PA; 2016:35.
  • 7. CDC. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accessed 8 July 2021. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/children/mis-c.html.
  • 8. WHO. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents with COVID-19.  Accessed 8 July 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children and-adolescents-with-covid-19.
  • 9. Tack DM, Ray L, Griffin PM, Cieslak PR, Dunn J, Rissman T, et al. Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2016-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 May 1;69(17):509-514.
  • 10. Bhutta ZA. Typhoid fever: current concepts. Infect Dis Clin Pract 2006;14:266-272.
  • 11. Rife E, Gedalia A. Kawasaki Disease: an Update. Current Rheumatology Reports 2020;22:75.
  • 12. Kabeerdoss J, Pilania RK, Karkhele R, Kumar TS, Danda D, Singh S. Severe COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Kawasaki disease: immunological mechanisms, clinical manifestations and management. Rheumatol Int 2021;41(1):19-32.
  • 13. Whittaker E, Bamford A, Kenny J, Kaforou M, Jones CE, Shah P, et al. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. JAMA 2020;324(3):259–269.
  • 14. Hoard JC, Medus C, Schleiss MR. A 3-Year-Old With Fever and Abdominal Pain: Availability Bias in the Time of COVID-19. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2021;60(1):83-86.
  • 15. Alamarat Z, Pérez N, Wootton S, Kamdar A, Smith K, Heresi GP, et al. Murine Typhus Outbreak Presenting as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020;39(12):e447-e449.
  • 16. Dworsky ZD, Roberts JE, Son MBF, Tremoulet AH, Newburger JW, Burns JC. Mistaken MIS-C: A Case Series of Bacterial Enteritis Mimicking MIS-C. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021;40(4):e159-e161.
  • 17. Repper DC, Arrieta AC, Cook JE, Renella P. A Case of Lemierre Syndrome in the Era of COVID-19: All That Glitters Is Not Gold. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020;39(12):e445-e447.
  • 18. Brenner FW, Villar RG, Angulo FJ, Tauxe R, Swaminathan B. Salmonella nomenclature. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:2465-2467.
  • 19. Agbaje M, Begum RH, Oyekunle MA, Ojo OE, Adenubi OT. Evolution of Salmonella nomenclature: a critical note. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011;56:497-503.
  • 20. Nelson JD, Kusmiesz H, Jackson LH, Woodman E. Treatment of Salmonella gastroenteritis with ampicillin, amoxicillin, or placebo. Pediatrics 1980;65:1125-1130.
  • 21. Pettersson T, Klemola E, Wager O. Treatment of acute cases of Salmonella infection and Salmonella carriers with ampicillin and neomycin. Acta Med Scand 1964;175:185-190.
  • 22. Batmaz G, Villain E, Bonnet D, L Iserin, A Fraisse, J Kachaner. Therapy and prognosis of infectious complete atrioventricular block in children. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2000;93(5):553-7.
  • 23. Kir D, Mohan C, Sancassani R. Heart Brake. An Unusual Cardiac Manifestation of COVID-19. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:1252.
  • 24. Dionne A, Mah DY, Son MBF, Lee PY, Henderson L, Baker AL, et al. Atrioventricular Block in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. Pediatrics 2020;146(5):e2020009704.
  • 25. Huang DB, DuPont HL. Problem pathogens: extra-intestinal complications of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:341–348.
  • 26. Azmatullah A, Qamar FN, Thaver D, Zaidi AK, Bhutta ZA. Systematic review of the global epidemiology, clinical and laboratory profile of enteric fever. J Glob Health 2015;5:20407.

Çocuklarda SARS-Cov-2 ile İlişkili Multisistem İnflamatuar Sendrom Ayırıcı Tanısında Kafa Karıştıran Bir Son Tanı: Salmonelloz

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 5, 455 - 460, 20.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.968975

Abstract

Çocuklarda Multisistem İnflamatuar Sendrom (MIS-C), artmış inflamatuar yanıtla karakterize, SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili ciddi bir klinik durumdur. MIS-C, bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar dahil olmak üzere diğer pediatrik inflamatuar ve enfeksiyöz durumlarla ortak özellikler taşır. Yanlış tanıdan kaçınmak için MIS-C şüphesi olan hastalarda ayırıcı tanıda bakteriyel gastroenterit etkeni olarak Salmonella enfeksiyonları akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu raporda, SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu için güçlü laboratuvar veya epidemiyolojik kanıtlarla birlikte semptomları ve bulguları nedeniyle başvuru sırasında öncelikle MIS-C tanısı düşünülmesine rağmen, kesin salmonelloz teşhisi konan pediatrik hastalardan oluşan bir vaka serisi sunulmuştur.

References

  • 1. Radia T, Williams N, Agrawal P,  Harman K, Weale J, Cook J,  et al.  Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children & adolescents (MIS-C): A systematic review of clinical features and presentation. Paediatr Respir Rev 2020:S1526-0542(20)30117-2.
  • 2. Lee PY, Day-Lewis M, Henderson LA, Friedman KG, Lo J, Roberts JE, et al.  Distinct clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2-induced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Inves. 2020:141113.
  • 3. Consiglio CR, Cotugno N, Sardh F, Pou C, Amodio D, Rodriguez L, et al. CACTUS Study Team, Landegren N, Palma P, Brodin P. The Immunology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with COVID-19. Cell 2020:S0092-8674(20)31157-0.
  • 4. Aronoff SC, Hall A, Del Vecchio MT. The Natural History of SARS-Cov-2 Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): A Systematic Review. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020:piaa112.
  • 5. Dufort EM, Koumans EH, Chow EJ, Rosenthal EM, Muse A, Rowlands J, et al. New York State and CDC Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Investigation Team. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State. N Engl J Med 2020;383:347–58.
  • 6. Pereira F, Hsu D. Diarrhea. In: Shaw KN, Bachur RG (eds). Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer: Philadelphia, PA; 2016:35.
  • 7. CDC. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accessed 8 July 2021. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/children/mis-c.html.
  • 8. WHO. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents with COVID-19.  Accessed 8 July 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children and-adolescents-with-covid-19.
  • 9. Tack DM, Ray L, Griffin PM, Cieslak PR, Dunn J, Rissman T, et al. Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2016-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 May 1;69(17):509-514.
  • 10. Bhutta ZA. Typhoid fever: current concepts. Infect Dis Clin Pract 2006;14:266-272.
  • 11. Rife E, Gedalia A. Kawasaki Disease: an Update. Current Rheumatology Reports 2020;22:75.
  • 12. Kabeerdoss J, Pilania RK, Karkhele R, Kumar TS, Danda D, Singh S. Severe COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Kawasaki disease: immunological mechanisms, clinical manifestations and management. Rheumatol Int 2021;41(1):19-32.
  • 13. Whittaker E, Bamford A, Kenny J, Kaforou M, Jones CE, Shah P, et al. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. JAMA 2020;324(3):259–269.
  • 14. Hoard JC, Medus C, Schleiss MR. A 3-Year-Old With Fever and Abdominal Pain: Availability Bias in the Time of COVID-19. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2021;60(1):83-86.
  • 15. Alamarat Z, Pérez N, Wootton S, Kamdar A, Smith K, Heresi GP, et al. Murine Typhus Outbreak Presenting as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020;39(12):e447-e449.
  • 16. Dworsky ZD, Roberts JE, Son MBF, Tremoulet AH, Newburger JW, Burns JC. Mistaken MIS-C: A Case Series of Bacterial Enteritis Mimicking MIS-C. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021;40(4):e159-e161.
  • 17. Repper DC, Arrieta AC, Cook JE, Renella P. A Case of Lemierre Syndrome in the Era of COVID-19: All That Glitters Is Not Gold. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020;39(12):e445-e447.
  • 18. Brenner FW, Villar RG, Angulo FJ, Tauxe R, Swaminathan B. Salmonella nomenclature. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:2465-2467.
  • 19. Agbaje M, Begum RH, Oyekunle MA, Ojo OE, Adenubi OT. Evolution of Salmonella nomenclature: a critical note. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011;56:497-503.
  • 20. Nelson JD, Kusmiesz H, Jackson LH, Woodman E. Treatment of Salmonella gastroenteritis with ampicillin, amoxicillin, or placebo. Pediatrics 1980;65:1125-1130.
  • 21. Pettersson T, Klemola E, Wager O. Treatment of acute cases of Salmonella infection and Salmonella carriers with ampicillin and neomycin. Acta Med Scand 1964;175:185-190.
  • 22. Batmaz G, Villain E, Bonnet D, L Iserin, A Fraisse, J Kachaner. Therapy and prognosis of infectious complete atrioventricular block in children. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2000;93(5):553-7.
  • 23. Kir D, Mohan C, Sancassani R. Heart Brake. An Unusual Cardiac Manifestation of COVID-19. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:1252.
  • 24. Dionne A, Mah DY, Son MBF, Lee PY, Henderson L, Baker AL, et al. Atrioventricular Block in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. Pediatrics 2020;146(5):e2020009704.
  • 25. Huang DB, DuPont HL. Problem pathogens: extra-intestinal complications of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:341–348.
  • 26. Azmatullah A, Qamar FN, Thaver D, Zaidi AK, Bhutta ZA. Systematic review of the global epidemiology, clinical and laboratory profile of enteric fever. J Glob Health 2015;5:20407.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section CASE REPORTS
Authors

Saliha Kanık Yüksek 0000-0002-2538-2872

Belgin Gülhan 0000-0003-0839-1301

Gülsüm İclal Bayhan 0000-0002-1423-4348

Aslınur Özkaya Parlakay 0000-0001-5691-2461

Publication Date September 20, 2022
Submission Date July 13, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 16 Issue: 5

Cite

Vancouver Kanık Yüksek S, Gülhan B, Bayhan Gİ, Özkaya Parlakay A. A confusing final diagnosis in the differential diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Salmonellosis. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2022;16(5):455-60.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


Manuscripts submitted to the Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease will go through a double-blind peer-review process. Each submission will be reviewed by at least two external, independent peer reviewers who are experts in the field, in order to ensure an unbiased evaluation process. The editorial board will invite an external and independent editor to manage the evaluation processes of manuscripts submitted by editors or by the editorial board members of the journal. The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all submissions. Articles accepted for publication in the Turkish Journal of Pediatrics are put in the order of publication, with at least 10 original articles in each issue, taking into account the acceptance dates. If the articles sent to the reviewers for evaluation are assessed as a senior for publication by the reviewers, the section editor and the editor considering all aspects (originality, high scientific quality and citation potential), it receives publication priority in addition to the articles assigned for the next issue.


The aim of the Turkish Journal of Pediatrics is to publish high-quality original research articles that will contribute to the international literature in the field of general pediatric health and diseases and its sub-branches. It also publishes editorial opinions, letters to the editor, reviews, case reports, book reviews, comments on previously published articles, meeting and conference proceedings, announcements, and biography. In addition to the field of child health and diseases, the journal also includes articles prepared in fields such as surgery, dentistry, public health, nutrition and dietetics, social services, human genetics, basic sciences, psychology, psychiatry, educational sciences, sociology and nursing, provided that they are related to this field. can be published.