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Psychological Impacts and Coping Strategies in the Early Period of COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Self-reported Study in Turkish Child and Adolescent Population

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 106 - 112, 22.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1047592

Abstract

Objective: This study determines the psychological problems and coping strategies of children and adolescents during the lockdown applied in the early period of COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey

Material and Methods: The study includes the data of an online self-report questionnaire applied between 12-17th April 2020. The questionnaire consists data about family and peer relationships, online education, psychological responses, activities and newly acquired hobbies during the lockdown.


Results:
A total of 717 participants, 278 children (mean age 10.36±1.49 years) and 439 adolescents (15.49±1.72 years) participated in online survey. A statistically significant difference was found in the child and adolescent groups in terms of age (p <0.005). Although girls participated in the survey more in both groups, this rate was significantly higher in the adolescent group (p = 0.017). Adolescents significantly more communicated with their friends via social media (p = 0.000) than children, children had more attention problems in online education than adolescents (p = 0.000). Pandemic caused similar-moderate levels of anxiety in children and adolescents, symptoms such as difficulty falling asleep, reluctance and attention problems were significantly more in adolescents, headache, fatigue and weakness were higher in children. During the lockdown, children and adolescents engaged in activities and had new hobbies at a similar rate to reduce their anxiety or spending time at home (p = 0.260, p = 0.870). While the children mostly spent time with their family, adolescents spent more time with technology and social media.


Conclusion:
The results of this study based on self-report will provide important data on children and adolescents during the lockdown period. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic will have long-term effects, and the data of this early study may lead new studies, also the results may assist in taking measures in the field of child and adolescent mental health. 

References

  • World Health Organisation. WHO Director-General’s statement on IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). (2020). https://www.hoint/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-statement-on-ihr-emergency-committee-on-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). (Accessed 30 Mar 2020).
  • Tomova L, Wang K, Thompson T, Matthews GA, Takahashi A, Tye KM, et al. The need to connect: Acute social isolation causes neural craving responses similar to hunger. Nat Neurosci 2020;23:1597-605.
  • Asmundson GJG, Taylor S. Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. J Anxiety Disord 2020;70:102196.
  • Guessoum SB, Lachal J, Radjack R, Carretier E, Minassian S, Benoit L et al. Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.Psychiatry Research 2020; 291:113264.
  • Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research 2020;287:112934.
  • Oosterhoff B, Palmer C. Psychological Correlates of News Monitoring, Social Distancing, Disinfecting, and Hoarding Behaviors among US Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2020;174:1184-90.
  • İlbasmış Ç, Aksoy AT, Cihanyurdu İ, Ünver H, Rodopman A. COVID-19 salgınının çocukların ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:1-3.
  • Uzun AD, Yalın Sapmaz D, Kandemir H. COVID-19 pandemisi okul çağı çocuklarının ruh sağlığını nasıl etkiliyor? Ercan ES, Yektaş Ç, Tufan AE, Bilaç Ö, editörler. COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri 2020;7-12.
  • Keles B, McCrae N, Grealish A. A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 2020;25:79–93.
  • Fu W, Wang C, Zou L, Guo Y, Lu Z, Yan S, et al. Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Transl Psychiatry 2020;10:225.
  • Guerreron RJA, Parra VAB, Cahua JCH, Holl JB. Self-Reported Psychological Problems and Coping Strategies: A Web-Based Study in Peruvian Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2021;21:351.
  • Lempp T, Lange D, Radeloff D, Bachmann C. The clinical examination of children, adolescents and their families. J.M. Rey (Ed.), IACAPAP e-Textbook of child and adolescent mental health, International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, Geneva, 2012.
  • Sülün AA, Yayan EH, Düken ME. COVID-19 salgını sürecinin ergenlerde akıllı telefon kullanımına ve uyku üzerine etkisi. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:35-40.
  • Satıcı B, Saricali M, Satici SA. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020;1-12.
  • Cihanyurdu İ, İlbasmış Ç, Aksoy AT, Ünver H, Arman AR. COVID-19 Salgınında Ergenlerin Geleceğe Yönelik Kaygı ve Umut Düzeyleri. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:19-26.
  • Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020;4:347-9.
  • Miranda DM, Athanasio SB, Oliveira ACS, Silva AC. How is COVID-19 pandemic impacting mental health of children and adolescents. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2020; 51:101845.
  • Clark A, Jit M, Warren-Gash C, Guthrie B, Wang HHX, Mercer SW, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2020;8:e1003-17.
  • Brooks RB. Children at risk: fostering resilience and hope. Am J Orthopsychiatr 1994; 64:545-53.
  • Hawley DR, DeHaan L. Toward a definition of family resilience: integrating life-span and family perspectives. Fam Process 1996;35: 283-98.
  • Griffith AK. Parental burnout and child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Fam Violence 2022;37:725-31.
  • Marchetti D, Fontanesi L, Mazza C. Parenting-related exhaustion during the italian COVID-19 lockdown. J Pediatr Psychol 2020;45:1114-23.
  • Öztürk Y, Özyurt G, Görmez V, Aslankaya Z, Baykara HB, Ekinci Ö, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Eating Patterns and Parents’ Anxiety Levels: A MultiCenter Study. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:14-8.
  • Dursun OB, Turan B, Gulsen M, Karayagmurlu A, Mustan AT, Kutlu A, et al. Caring for the Most Vulnerable: A Model for Managing Maladaptive Behavior in Children with Mental Special Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Telemed J E Health 2021;27:1068-73.

COVİD-19 Pandemisi Erken Döneminde Psikolojik Etkiler ve Başa Çıkma Becerileri: Türk Çocuk ve Ergen Yaş Grubunda Çevrimiçi Bir Ölçek Çalışması

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 106 - 112, 22.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1047592

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmada COVİD-19 salgını nedeniyle Türkiye’de erken dönemde uygulanan sosyal kısıtlama sürecinde çocuk ve ergenlerin ruhsal durumları ve baş etme becerileri ele alınmıştır.


Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Araştırma 12-17 Nisan 2020 tarihleri arasında self-report (öz-raporlama) olarak uygulanan çevrim içi bir anketin verilerini içermektedir. Anket aile ve akran ilişkileri, çevrim içi eğitim, ruhsal yanıtlar, etkinlikler ve yeni edinilen hobilere ilişkin soruları içermektedir.

Bulgular: Anketimize 7-12 yaş grubundan 278 çocuk (yaş ort 10.36±1.49 yıl), 13-18 yaş grubundan 439 ergen (15.49±1.72 yıl) olmak üzere toplam 717 kişi katılmıştır. Yaş açısından çocuk ve ergen grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmış (p <0.005). Kızların her iki grupta da ankete daha fazla katıldığı gözlenmekle birlikte bu oran ergen grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olmuştur (p = 0.017). Ergenlerin arkadaşları ile sosyal medya üzerinden anlamlı olarak daha fazla iletişim halinde olduğu saptanmış (p=0.000), çocuk yaş grubunun ergenlere göre çevrim içi eğitimde daha fazla dikkat sorunları yaşadığı (p=0.000) görülmüştür. Pandemi ve karantinanın çocuk ve ergenlerde benzer düzeyde kaygı oluşturduğu gözlenmiş, uykuya dalma zorluğu, isteksizlik ve dikkat sorunları ergenlerde, baş ağrısı, yorgunluk ve halsizlik gibi belirtiler ise çocuklarda anlamlı olarak daha fazla saptanmıştır. Karantina sürecinde çocuk ve ergenlerin kaygılarını azaltmak ya da vakit geçirmek için benzer oranda etkinliklerde bulunduğu ve hobi edindiği gözlenmiştir (p= 0.260, p=0. 870). Çocuk yaş grubu en çok ailesi ile vakit geçirirken, ergen yaş grubu daha çok teknoloji ve sosyal medya ile vakit geçirmekteydi.


Sonuç:
Özbildirime dayanan çalışmamızın sonuçlarının karantina döneminde çocuk ve ergenlerle ilgili önemli veriler sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Halihazırda devam eden COVİD-19 pandemisinin uzun süreçli etkilerinin olacağı akla gelmekte, erken dönemde yapılan bu çalışmanın verilerinin yeni çalışmalara öncülük edebileceği düşünülmektedir. 

References

  • World Health Organisation. WHO Director-General’s statement on IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). (2020). https://www.hoint/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-statement-on-ihr-emergency-committee-on-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). (Accessed 30 Mar 2020).
  • Tomova L, Wang K, Thompson T, Matthews GA, Takahashi A, Tye KM, et al. The need to connect: Acute social isolation causes neural craving responses similar to hunger. Nat Neurosci 2020;23:1597-605.
  • Asmundson GJG, Taylor S. Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. J Anxiety Disord 2020;70:102196.
  • Guessoum SB, Lachal J, Radjack R, Carretier E, Minassian S, Benoit L et al. Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.Psychiatry Research 2020; 291:113264.
  • Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research 2020;287:112934.
  • Oosterhoff B, Palmer C. Psychological Correlates of News Monitoring, Social Distancing, Disinfecting, and Hoarding Behaviors among US Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2020;174:1184-90.
  • İlbasmış Ç, Aksoy AT, Cihanyurdu İ, Ünver H, Rodopman A. COVID-19 salgınının çocukların ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:1-3.
  • Uzun AD, Yalın Sapmaz D, Kandemir H. COVID-19 pandemisi okul çağı çocuklarının ruh sağlığını nasıl etkiliyor? Ercan ES, Yektaş Ç, Tufan AE, Bilaç Ö, editörler. COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri 2020;7-12.
  • Keles B, McCrae N, Grealish A. A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 2020;25:79–93.
  • Fu W, Wang C, Zou L, Guo Y, Lu Z, Yan S, et al. Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Transl Psychiatry 2020;10:225.
  • Guerreron RJA, Parra VAB, Cahua JCH, Holl JB. Self-Reported Psychological Problems and Coping Strategies: A Web-Based Study in Peruvian Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2021;21:351.
  • Lempp T, Lange D, Radeloff D, Bachmann C. The clinical examination of children, adolescents and their families. J.M. Rey (Ed.), IACAPAP e-Textbook of child and adolescent mental health, International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, Geneva, 2012.
  • Sülün AA, Yayan EH, Düken ME. COVID-19 salgını sürecinin ergenlerde akıllı telefon kullanımına ve uyku üzerine etkisi. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:35-40.
  • Satıcı B, Saricali M, Satici SA. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020;1-12.
  • Cihanyurdu İ, İlbasmış Ç, Aksoy AT, Ünver H, Arman AR. COVID-19 Salgınında Ergenlerin Geleceğe Yönelik Kaygı ve Umut Düzeyleri. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:19-26.
  • Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020;4:347-9.
  • Miranda DM, Athanasio SB, Oliveira ACS, Silva AC. How is COVID-19 pandemic impacting mental health of children and adolescents. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2020; 51:101845.
  • Clark A, Jit M, Warren-Gash C, Guthrie B, Wang HHX, Mercer SW, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2020;8:e1003-17.
  • Brooks RB. Children at risk: fostering resilience and hope. Am J Orthopsychiatr 1994; 64:545-53.
  • Hawley DR, DeHaan L. Toward a definition of family resilience: integrating life-span and family perspectives. Fam Process 1996;35: 283-98.
  • Griffith AK. Parental burnout and child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Fam Violence 2022;37:725-31.
  • Marchetti D, Fontanesi L, Mazza C. Parenting-related exhaustion during the italian COVID-19 lockdown. J Pediatr Psychol 2020;45:1114-23.
  • Öztürk Y, Özyurt G, Görmez V, Aslankaya Z, Baykara HB, Ekinci Ö, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Eating Patterns and Parents’ Anxiety Levels: A MultiCenter Study. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021;28:14-8.
  • Dursun OB, Turan B, Gulsen M, Karayagmurlu A, Mustan AT, Kutlu A, et al. Caring for the Most Vulnerable: A Model for Managing Maladaptive Behavior in Children with Mental Special Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Telemed J E Health 2021;27:1068-73.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Ayşe Toksoy Aksoy 0000-0002-4080-9061

İrem Cihanyurdu 0000-0001-9141-0379

Çağla İlbasmış 0000-0002-5813-711X

Hatice Ünver 0000-0003-2067-9770

Ayşe Rodopman Arman 0000-0002-6884-0706

Publication Date March 22, 2023
Submission Date December 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Toksoy Aksoy A, Cihanyurdu İ, İlbasmış Ç, Ünver H, Rodopman Arman A. Psychological Impacts and Coping Strategies in the Early Period of COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Self-reported Study in Turkish Child and Adolescent Population. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2023;17(2):106-12.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


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