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Görünmez Tehlike: Üçüncü El Sigara Dumanı ve Ailelerin Bilgi Düzeyi

Year 2024, Volume: 18 Issue: 5, 267 - 273, 24.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1424756

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, günümüzde sağlığa yönelik en önemli tehdit olan üçüncü el sigara dumanına (ÜSD) ilişkin ailelerin bilgi düzeylerini tespit etmek ve konuya ilişkin farkındalığı artırmaktı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: ‘Üçüncü El Duman Hakkında İnançlar’ (ÜDHİ) ölçeği 1016 bakım verene uygulanmıştır. ÜDHİ ölçeği ve alt faktör ölçeği sonuçları, sigara içme davranışları, ÜSD farkındalığı ve inançları ve sosyodemografik bulgular gibi katılımcılarla ilgili değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Üçüncü el sigara dumanı terimine ilişkin farkındalık çok düşüktü (%8.7). Kendi evi olanlarda, eğitim ve gelir düzeyi yüksek olanlarda ve ebeveyn olmayan akrabalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük sigara içme alışkanlıkları ve yüksek ÜDHİ ölçek puanları tespit edilmiştir (p<0.001). Ebeveynlerin ÜSD farkındalığı anneler arasında daha düşüktü. Üniversite mezunu olmak farkındalığı 19 kat, kendi evine sahip olmak ise 2.6 kat artırmıştır. Hiç sigara içmemek ÜDHİ puanlarında anlamlı bir artışa neden olurken, ÜSD farkındalığını etkilememiştir.

Sonuç: Birinci ve ikinci el dumanın yol açtığı zararlara ilişkin çok sayıda program ve eğitim materyali bulunmasına rağmen, daha önemli ancak görünmez bir tehlike olan ÜSD hakkında bilgi düzeyleri ne yazık ki toplumda ve sağlık çalışanları arasında çok düşüktür. Bu nedenle konuya ilişkin gerekli duyarlılığın artırılması ve dumansız toplum çalışmalarının teşvik edilmesi elzemdir.

References

  • Northrup TF, Matt GE, Hovell MF, Khan AM, Stotts AL. Thirdhand Smoke in the Homes of Medically Fragile Children: Assessing the Impact of Indoor Smoking Levels and Smoking Bans. Nicotine Tob Res 2016;18:1290-8.
  • Tahir E, Kavaz E, Cangökçe Yaşar Ö. The Effect of Parental Smoking on Voice-Related Quality of Life in the Pediatric Population. J Voice 2021;35:933.e1-933.e6.
  • Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Prüss-Ustün A. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet 2011;377:139-46.
  • Sleiman M, Logue JM, Luo W, Pankow JF, Gundel LA, Destaillats H. Inhalable constituents of thirdhand tobacco smoke: chemical characterization and health impact considerations. Environ Sci Technol 2014;48:13093-101.
  • Northrup TF, Khan AM, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz N, Hoh E, Hovell MF, et al. Thirdhand smoke contamination in hospital settings: assessing exposure risk for vulnerable paediatric patients. Tob Control 2016;25:619-23.
  • Tang X, Benowitz N, Gundel L, Hang B, Havel CM, Hoh E, et al. Thirdhand Exposures to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines through Inhalation, Dust Ingestion, Dermal Uptake, and Epidermal Chemistry. Environ Sci Technol 2022;56:12506-16.
  • Myers V, Rosen LJ, Zucker DM, Shiloh S. Parental Perceptions of Children’s Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Parental Smoking Behaviour. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:3397.
  • Xie Z, Chen M, Fu Z, He Y, Tian Y, Zhang X, et al. Thirdhand smoke beliefs and behaviors among families of primary school children in Shanghai. Tob Induc Dis 2021;19:10.
  • Shehab K, Ziyab AH. Beliefs of parents in Kuwait about thirdhand smoke and its relation to home smoking rules: A cross-sectional study.Tob Induc Dis 2021;19:66.
  • Önal Ö, Evcil FY, Eroğlu HN, Kişioğlu A. The Validity And Reliability of the Beliefs About Thirdhand Smoke (Baths) Turkish Form. Med J SDU 2021;28 :499-506.
  • Haardörfer R, Berg CJ, Escoffery C, Bundy ŁT, Hovell M, Kegler MC. Development of a scale assessing Beliefs About ThirdHand Smoke (BATHS). Tob Induc Dis 2017;15:4.
  • Makadia LD, Roper PJ, Andrews JO, Tingen MS. Tobacco Use and Smoke Exposure in Children: New Trends, Harm, and Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017;17:55.
  • Whitlatch A, Schick S. Thirdhand Smoke at Philip Morris. Nicotine Tob Res 2019;21:1680-8.
  • Glover M, Hadwen G, Chelimo C,Scragg R, Bullen C, Gentles D, et al. Parent versus child reporting of tobacco smoke exposure at home and in the car. N Z Med J 2013;126:37-47.
  • Barbeau EM, Leavy-Sperounis A, Balbach ED. Smoking, social class, and gender: what can public health learn from the tobacco industry about disparities in smoking?.Tob Control 2004;13:115-20.
  • Feliu A, Filippidis FT, Joossens L, Amalia B, Tigova O, Martinez C, et al. The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries. Sci Rep 2021;11:8912.
  • Escobedo P, Tsai KY, Majmundar A, Allem JP, Soto DW, Pattarroyo M, et al. Do tobacco industry websites target content to specific demographic groups?. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020;208:107852.
  • Levesque J, Mischki T. Exposure to tobacco smoke among Canadian nonsmokers based on questionnaire and biomonitoring data. Health Rep 2021;32:16-26.
  • Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Zakarian JM, Fortmann AL, Chatfield DA, Hoh E, et al. When smokers move out and non-smokers move in: residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure. Tob Control 2011;20:e1.
  • Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Hovell MF, Bernert JT, Song S, Novianti N, et al. Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures.Tob Control 2004;13:29-37.
  • Díez-Izquierdo A, Lidón-Moyano C, Martín-Sánchez JC, Matilla Santander N, Cassanello Penarroya, Balaguer A, et al. Smoke-free homes and attitudes towards banning smoking in vehicles carrying children in Spain (2016). Environ Res 2017;158:590-7.
  • Shojima K, Tabuchi T. Voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan: a cross-sectional study in 2015. BMJ Open 2019;9:e024615.
  • Kruger J, Jama A, Homa DM, Babb SD, King BA. Smoke-free home and vehicle rules by tobacco use status among US adults. Prev Med 2015;78:9-13.
  • MacKenzie R, Freeman B. Second-hand smoke in cars: How did the “23 times more toxic” myth turn into fact?. CMAJ 2010;182:796-9.
  • Kabir Z, Manning PJ, Holohan J, Keogan S, Goodman PG, Clancy L. Second-hand smoke exposure in cars and respiratory health effects in children. Eur Respir J 2009;34:629-33.
  • Dai S, Au CT, Chan MHM, Kam RKT, Li AM, Chan KC. Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation, and Children’s Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure. Front Public Health 2021;9:733667.
  • Drehmer JE, Ossip DJ, Rigotti NA, Nabi Burza E, Woo H, Wasserman RC, et al. Pediatrician interventions and thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents. Am J Prev Med 2012;43:533-6.
  • Quispe-Cristóbal B, Lidón-Moyano C, Martín-Sánchez JC, Perez Martin H, Cartanya Hueso A, Cabriada Saez I, et al. Knowledge and Opinions of Healthcare Professionals about Thirdhand Smoke: A Multi-National, Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022;10:945.

The Invisible Danger: Third-hand Smoke and Families’ Knowledge Levels

Year 2024, Volume: 18 Issue: 5, 267 - 273, 24.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1424756

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to idenitfy the knowledge levels of families regarding third-hand smoke (THS), which represents the most significant health risk currently, and to raise awareness of the subject.

Material and Methods: The ’Beliefs About Third-hand Smoke’ (BATHS) scale was applied to 1016 caregivers. The BATHS scale and sub-factor scale results were compared in terms of participant-related variables such as smoking behaviors, THS awareness and beliefs, and sociodemographic findings.

Results: Awareness of the term THS was very low (8.7%). Statistically significantly low smoking habits and high BATHS scale scores were determined among participants who owned their own homes, those with higher levels of education and income, and in non-parent relatives (p<0.001). Parental THS awareness was lower among mothers. Being a university graduate increased awareness 19 times and owning one’s own home 2.6 times. While not smoking at all resulted in a significant increase in BATHS scores, it did not affect THS awareness.

Conclusion: Despite the availability of numerous programs and educational material concerning the harm caused by first- and second-hand smoke, levels of information about TSH, a more important but invisible danger, are unfortunately very low in society and among health professionals. It is therefore essential to increase the requisite sensitivity to the issue and to encourage smoke-free society studies.

References

  • Northrup TF, Matt GE, Hovell MF, Khan AM, Stotts AL. Thirdhand Smoke in the Homes of Medically Fragile Children: Assessing the Impact of Indoor Smoking Levels and Smoking Bans. Nicotine Tob Res 2016;18:1290-8.
  • Tahir E, Kavaz E, Cangökçe Yaşar Ö. The Effect of Parental Smoking on Voice-Related Quality of Life in the Pediatric Population. J Voice 2021;35:933.e1-933.e6.
  • Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Prüss-Ustün A. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet 2011;377:139-46.
  • Sleiman M, Logue JM, Luo W, Pankow JF, Gundel LA, Destaillats H. Inhalable constituents of thirdhand tobacco smoke: chemical characterization and health impact considerations. Environ Sci Technol 2014;48:13093-101.
  • Northrup TF, Khan AM, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz N, Hoh E, Hovell MF, et al. Thirdhand smoke contamination in hospital settings: assessing exposure risk for vulnerable paediatric patients. Tob Control 2016;25:619-23.
  • Tang X, Benowitz N, Gundel L, Hang B, Havel CM, Hoh E, et al. Thirdhand Exposures to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines through Inhalation, Dust Ingestion, Dermal Uptake, and Epidermal Chemistry. Environ Sci Technol 2022;56:12506-16.
  • Myers V, Rosen LJ, Zucker DM, Shiloh S. Parental Perceptions of Children’s Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Parental Smoking Behaviour. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:3397.
  • Xie Z, Chen M, Fu Z, He Y, Tian Y, Zhang X, et al. Thirdhand smoke beliefs and behaviors among families of primary school children in Shanghai. Tob Induc Dis 2021;19:10.
  • Shehab K, Ziyab AH. Beliefs of parents in Kuwait about thirdhand smoke and its relation to home smoking rules: A cross-sectional study.Tob Induc Dis 2021;19:66.
  • Önal Ö, Evcil FY, Eroğlu HN, Kişioğlu A. The Validity And Reliability of the Beliefs About Thirdhand Smoke (Baths) Turkish Form. Med J SDU 2021;28 :499-506.
  • Haardörfer R, Berg CJ, Escoffery C, Bundy ŁT, Hovell M, Kegler MC. Development of a scale assessing Beliefs About ThirdHand Smoke (BATHS). Tob Induc Dis 2017;15:4.
  • Makadia LD, Roper PJ, Andrews JO, Tingen MS. Tobacco Use and Smoke Exposure in Children: New Trends, Harm, and Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017;17:55.
  • Whitlatch A, Schick S. Thirdhand Smoke at Philip Morris. Nicotine Tob Res 2019;21:1680-8.
  • Glover M, Hadwen G, Chelimo C,Scragg R, Bullen C, Gentles D, et al. Parent versus child reporting of tobacco smoke exposure at home and in the car. N Z Med J 2013;126:37-47.
  • Barbeau EM, Leavy-Sperounis A, Balbach ED. Smoking, social class, and gender: what can public health learn from the tobacco industry about disparities in smoking?.Tob Control 2004;13:115-20.
  • Feliu A, Filippidis FT, Joossens L, Amalia B, Tigova O, Martinez C, et al. The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries. Sci Rep 2021;11:8912.
  • Escobedo P, Tsai KY, Majmundar A, Allem JP, Soto DW, Pattarroyo M, et al. Do tobacco industry websites target content to specific demographic groups?. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020;208:107852.
  • Levesque J, Mischki T. Exposure to tobacco smoke among Canadian nonsmokers based on questionnaire and biomonitoring data. Health Rep 2021;32:16-26.
  • Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Zakarian JM, Fortmann AL, Chatfield DA, Hoh E, et al. When smokers move out and non-smokers move in: residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure. Tob Control 2011;20:e1.
  • Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Hovell MF, Bernert JT, Song S, Novianti N, et al. Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures.Tob Control 2004;13:29-37.
  • Díez-Izquierdo A, Lidón-Moyano C, Martín-Sánchez JC, Matilla Santander N, Cassanello Penarroya, Balaguer A, et al. Smoke-free homes and attitudes towards banning smoking in vehicles carrying children in Spain (2016). Environ Res 2017;158:590-7.
  • Shojima K, Tabuchi T. Voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan: a cross-sectional study in 2015. BMJ Open 2019;9:e024615.
  • Kruger J, Jama A, Homa DM, Babb SD, King BA. Smoke-free home and vehicle rules by tobacco use status among US adults. Prev Med 2015;78:9-13.
  • MacKenzie R, Freeman B. Second-hand smoke in cars: How did the “23 times more toxic” myth turn into fact?. CMAJ 2010;182:796-9.
  • Kabir Z, Manning PJ, Holohan J, Keogan S, Goodman PG, Clancy L. Second-hand smoke exposure in cars and respiratory health effects in children. Eur Respir J 2009;34:629-33.
  • Dai S, Au CT, Chan MHM, Kam RKT, Li AM, Chan KC. Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation, and Children’s Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure. Front Public Health 2021;9:733667.
  • Drehmer JE, Ossip DJ, Rigotti NA, Nabi Burza E, Woo H, Wasserman RC, et al. Pediatrician interventions and thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents. Am J Prev Med 2012;43:533-6.
  • Quispe-Cristóbal B, Lidón-Moyano C, Martín-Sánchez JC, Perez Martin H, Cartanya Hueso A, Cabriada Saez I, et al. Knowledge and Opinions of Healthcare Professionals about Thirdhand Smoke: A Multi-National, Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022;10:945.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases, Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Gülfer Akça 0000-0002-7139-3521

Ünal Akça 0000-0001-5480-1805

Early Pub Date May 29, 2024
Publication Date September 24, 2024
Submission Date January 24, 2024
Acceptance Date April 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 18 Issue: 5

Cite

Vancouver Akça G, Akça Ü. The Invisible Danger: Third-hand Smoke and Families’ Knowledge Levels. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2024;18(5):267-73.


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