Basınçlı Tankların Sismik Kırılganlıklarının Gözlemsel ve Sayısal Olarak İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, küresel tanklar için zaman tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan analizler gerçekleştirilerek elde edilen sonuçlar ile geçmiş depremlerde gözlemlenen hasar verileri birleştirilerek kırılganlık eğrileri oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca yatay silindirik tankların hasar verileri de derlenmiştir. Bu araştırmalar sonucunda küresel ve yatay silindirik basınçlı tanklar ile ilgili geçmiş depremlerden elde edilen gözleme dayalı hasar verilerinin atmosferik silindirik tanklara göre oldukça az sayıda olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sebeple özellikle küresel tanklar için veriler sayısal çalışmalarla desteklenmiş, gerçekleştirilen sayısal analizler sonucunda küresel tanklarda genel olarak çapraz elemanlarda gerilme yığılmalarının meydana geldiği ve bu elemanların kolonlarla bağlantı noktalarından koptukları gözlenmiştir. Analizlerden elde edilen hasar verilerinin de mevcut verilere eklenmesiyle küresel tanklar için geçerli kırılganlık eğrileri oluşturulmuştur. Yer hareketi şiddet ölçütü ile küresel tanklarda olası depremlerde meydana gelebilecek hasarların gerçekleşme olasılığı değerleri arasındaki bağlantının sunulduğu kırılganlık eğrilerinin gelecek çalışmaların geliştirilmesinde olumlu etkisinin olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Kırılganlık eğrileri
• Küresel tank
• Yatay silindirik tank
• Dinamik analiz
• Sonlu eleman analizi

Observational and Numerical Investigation of Seismic Fragility of Pressurized Tanks

Abstract

In this study, fragility curves were derivated by combining the results obtained in nonlinear time history analyzes and damage data observed in past earthquakes for spherical tanks. In addition, damage data of horizontal cylindrical tanks were collected. As a result of these studies, it has been observed that the observational damage data obtained from past earthquakes related to spherical and horizontal cylindrical pressure tanks are quite low compared to atmospheric cylindrical tanks. For this reason, data for spherical tanks have been supported by numerical studies. As a result of the numerical analysis, it was observed that in spherical tanks, stress concentrations occurred in the braced members and these elements ruptured at the connection points with the columns. By adding the damage data obtained from the analyzes to the existing data, the fragility curves for spherical tanks were created. It is thought that the fragility curves, which present the relationship between the ground motion intensity measure and the probability values of damages that may occur in possible earthquakes, will also have a positive effect on the development of future studies.

Keywords

• Fragility curves
• Spherical tank
• Horizontal cylindrical tank
• Dynamic analysis
• Finite element analysis

References

1. BBC, 2021. Indonesia fire: Massive blaze erupts at oil refinery. Erişim adresi: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56560826.
2. CNNTÜRK, 2018. Jeoloji mühendislerinden korkutan tablo. Erişim adresi: https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/jeoloji-muhendislerinden-korkutan-tablo.
3. Curadelli O., 2011. Seismic Reliability of Spherical Containers Retrofitted by means of Energy Dissipation Devices, Engineering Structures 33 (9), 2661-2667.
4. D’Amico M, Buratti N., 2019. Observational Seismic Fragility Curves for Steel Cylindrical Tanks, J. Press. Vess-T. ASME 141 (1), 1-14.
5. Dawood A. O., 2019. Static and Time History Earthquake Analysis of LPG Spherical Steel Tanks in Iraq, University of Thi_Qar Journal for Engineering Sciences 10 (1), 5-12.
6. Fiore A., Demartino C., Greco R., Rago C., Sulpizio C., Vanzi I., 2018. Seismic Performance of Spherical Liquid Storage Tanks: A Case Study, International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering 10, 121-130.
7. Hosmer D.W., Lemeshow S., 1989. Applied Logistic Regression, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2nd Ed., New York, U.S.A., 375 p.
8. LS-DYNA R11.0., 2017. Keyword User’s Manual Volume I-II, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, California.

9. Malhotra P.K., Rajaram S.K., Namjoshi R., Srinavasan S., Rao D.S., Gupta, A., Ballantyne D., 2002. Industrial Facilities, Earthquake Spectra 18 (1), 257-264.
10. Mitchell D., Tinawi, R., 1992. Structural Damage due to the April 22, 1991. Costa Rican Earthquake, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19(4), 586-605.
11. Moschonas I., Karakostas C., Lekidis V., Papadopoulos S., 2014. Investigation of Seismic Vulnerability of Industrial Pressure Vessels, Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, 25-29 August 2014, Istanbul, Turkey.
12. Ohno T., Kobayashi, N., Oyamada, K., 2015. Seismic Resistance Capacity on Pipe Braced Supporting Frame of Spherical Tank, Proceedings of the ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference PVP2015, 19-23 July 2025, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
13. O’Rourke M.J., So P., 2000. Seismic Fragility Curves for On-Grade Steel Tanks, Earthquake Spectra 16 (4), 801-815.
14. Öztürk S., Bezir F., Sarı A., 2021. Atmosferik Depolama Tankları için Ampirik Sismik Kırılganlık Eğrileri, 9. Türkiye Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı (9TDMK), 2-3 Haziran 2021, Çevrimiçi Konferans.
15. Paolacci F., Phan H.N., Corritore D., Alessandri S., Bursi O.S., Reza M.S., 2015. Seismic Fragility Analysis of Steel Storage Tanks. 5th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25-27 May 2015, Crete Island, Greece.
16. Phan H.N., Paolacci F., 2016. Efficient Intensity Measures for Probabilistic Seismic Response Analysis of Anchored Above-Ground Liquid Steel Storage Tanks, Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference PVP2016, 17-21 July 2016, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
17. Phan H.N., Paolacci F., Alessandri S., 2016. Fragility Analysis Methods for Steel Storage Tanks in Seismic Prone Areas, Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference PVP2016, 17-21 July 2016, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
18. Phan H.N., Paolacci F., Corritore D., Alessandri S., 2018a. Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Storage Tanks for Oil and Gas Industry, Pipeline Science and Technology 2 (1), 55-65.
19. Phan H.N., Paolacci F., Alessandri S., 2018b. Enhanced Seismic Fragility Analysis of Unanchored Steel Storage Tanks Accounting for Uncertain Modeling Parameters, J. Press. Vess-T. 141 (1), 1-10.
20. Phan H.N., Paolacci F., Fabrizio B., Oreste S., Tondini N., 2017. Seismic Fragility Analysis of Elevated Steel Storage Tanks Supported by Reinforced Concrete Columns, J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 47, 57-65.
21. Salzano E., Iervolino I., Fabbrocino G., 2003. Seismic Risk of Atmospheric Storage Tanks in the Framework of Quantitative Risk Analysis, J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 16, 403-409.
22. Sivy M., Musil M., 2018. Design of the Spherical Liquid Storage Tanks for Earthquake Resistance, ANNALS of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal Engineering 121-126.
23. TBDY, 2018. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
24. The Guardian, 2021. Massive fire engulfs Indonesian oil refinery after explosion. Erişim adresi: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/29/massive-fire-engulfs-indonesian-oil-refinery-after-explosion.
25. Wieschollek M., Diamanti K., Pinkawa M., Hoffmeister B., Feldmann M., 2013a. Guidelines for Seismic Design and Analysis of Pressure Vessels, Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, 14-18 July 2013, Paris, France.
26. Wieschollek M., Kopp M., Hoffmeister B., Feldmann M., 2011. Seismic Design of Spherical Liquid Storage Tanks (Compdyn 2011), Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26-28 May 2011, Corfu, Greece, p: 2196-2213.
27. Wieschollek M., Pinkawa M., Hoffmeister B., Feldmann M., 2013b. Seismic Design of Spherical Pressure Vessels, International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities 2013, 17 September 2013, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, p: 417-428.
28. Yang Z., Zhang D., Guo L., Yang B., Wang G., 2014. Seismic Performance Analysis of the Large Spherical Tank, Proceedings of the ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference PVP2014, July 20-24 2014, Anaheim, California, USA.
29. Zama S., Nishi H., Hatayama K., Yamada M., Yoshihara H., Ogawa Y., 2012. On Damage of Oil Storage Tanks due to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Mw9.0), Japan, 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2012, 24-28 September 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, p:1213-1222.