23 Nisan 2025 Marmara Denizi Depreminin (Mw 6.2) Kuvvetli Yer Hareketi Parametrelerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tepki Spektrumları, Arias Şiddeti ve Etkin Süre
Year 2025,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 590 - 602
Kaan Hakan Çoban
,
Erdem Bayrak
Abstract
Bu çalışmada 23 Nisan 2025'te, Silivri'nin yaklaşık 24 km güneyinde, Marmara Denizi'nde meydana gelen Mw 6.2 depremin kuvvetli yer hareketi parametreleri değerlendirilirmiştir. Depremin AFAD tarafından işletilen farklı istasyonlardaki ivme kayıtları en büyük yer ivmesi değerlerine göre değerlendirilmiş tepki spektrumları, Arias şiddetleri ve etkin süreleri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan tepki spektrumları Türkiye Bina Deprem yönetmeliğinde (TBDY 2018) deprem düzeyi ve zemin sınıfına göre tanımlanan tasarım spektrumlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. En büyük yer ivme değeri ve en büyük spektral genlikleri 3415 İstanbul-Küçükçekmece istasyonunda görülmüştür. İstasyonlardaki etkin süre değerlerinin genellikle 10 ile 32 saniye arasında değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Yerel zemin etkilerinin bu deprem sonucunda ivme kayıtları üzerinde farklılıklara neden olduğu açıkça görülmüş ve yerel zemin etkisinin göz önüne alınması gereken önemli bir parametre olduğu bir kez daha anlaşılmıştır.
References
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Alkan H., Öztürk S., Bektaş Ö., Büyüksaraç A., 2025. Statistical and seismotectonic analyses of the Marmara region under existing stress regime in the west of the NAFZ, Acta Geophysica, 73(2), 1117-1136.
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Ambraseys N., 2002. The seismic activity of the Marmara Sea region over the last 2000 years, Bull Seismol Soc Am, 92(1):1-18.
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Ambraseys N.N., Jackson J.A., 2000. Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500, Geophysical Journal International, 141(3), 1-24.
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Arias A.,1970. A measure of earthquake intensity, In R. J. Hansen (Ed.), Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants MIT Press, pp. 438-483.
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Aydın U., Pamuk E., Özer Ç., 2022. Investigation of soil dynamic characteristics at seismic stations using H/V spectral ratio method in Marmara Region, Turkey, Natural Hazards , 110(1), 587-606.
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Barka A., Akyüz H.S., Altunel E., Sunal G., Çakir Z., Dikbas A., Yerli B., Armijo R., Meyer B., de Chabalier J.B., Rockwell T., Dolan J.R., Hartleb R., Dawson T., Christofferson S., Tucker A., Fumal T., Langridge R., Stenner H., Lettis W., Bachhuber J., Page W., 2002. The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake (M 7.4), North Anatolian Fault, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92, 43-60, doi: 10.1785/0120000841.
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Barka A.,1999. The 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake, Science, 285(5435), 1858-1859.
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Bayrak Y., Çınar H., Bayrak E., 2011. The North Anatolian Fault Zone: an evaluation of earthquake hazard parameters, In New Frontiers in Tectonic Research-At the Midst of Plate Convergence, IntechOpen.
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Bohnhoff M., Bulut F., Dresen G., Malin P.E., Eken T., Aktar M., 2013. An earthquake gap south of Istanbul, Nature communications, 4(1), 1999.
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Bulut F., Aktuğ B., Yaltırak C., Doğru A., Özener H., 2019. Magnitudes of future large earthquakes near Istanbul quantified from 1500 years of historical earthquakes, present-day microseismicity and GPS slip rates, Tectonophysics, 764, 77-87.
-
Çoban K.H., Sayıl N., 2020. Different probabilistic models for earthquake occurrences along the North and East Anatolian fault zones, Arabian J. Geosci.,13: 971.
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Durand V., Bentz S., Kwiatek G., Dresen G., Wollin C., Heidbach O., Martínez-Garzòn P., Cotton F., Nurlu M., Bohnhoff M., 2020. A two‐scale preparation phase preceded an Mw 5.8 earthquake in the Sea of Marmara Offshore Istanbul, Turkey, Seismological Society of America, 91(6), 3139-3147.
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Emre Ö., Duman T.Y., Özalp S., Elmacı H., Olgun Ş., Şaroğlu, F., 2013. Açıklamalı Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası. Ölçek 1:1.250.000, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Özel Yayın Serisi-30, Ankara-Türkiye, ISBN: 978-605-5310-56-1.
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Erdik M., Demircioglu M., Sesetyan K., Durukal E., Siyahi B., 2004. Earthquake hazard in Marmara region, Turkey, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24(8), 605-631.
-
Ergintav S., Reilinger R.E., Çakmak R., Floyd M., Cakir Z., Doğan U., King R.W., McClusky S., Özener H., 2014. Istanbul’s earthquake hot spots: geodetic constraints on strain accumulation along faults in the Marmara seismic gap, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 5783-5788.
-
Gasperini L., Polonia A., Çağatay M.N., Bortoluzzi G., Ferrante V., 2011. Geological slip rates along the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara region, Tectonics, 30(6).
-
Gülerce Z., Ocak S., 2013. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Eastern Marmara Region, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 11, 1259-1277.
-
Irmak T.S., Yolsal-Çevikbilen S., Eken T., Doğan B., Erman C., Yavuz E., Taymaz T., 2021. Source characteristics and seismotectonic implications of the 26 September 2019 Mw 5.7 Silivri High-Kumburgaz Basin earthquake and evaluation of its aftershocks at the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Central Marmara Sea, NW Turkey), Geophysical Journal International, 227(1), 383-402.
-
Kalkan E., Gülkan P., Yilmaz N., Çelebi M., 2009. Reassessment of probabilistic seismic hazard in the Marmara region, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(4), 2127-2146.
-
Karabulut H., Güvercin S.E., Eskiköy F., Konca A.Ö., Ergintav S., 2021. The moderate size 2019 September Mw 5.8 Silivri earthquake unveils the complexity of the Main Marmara Fault shear zone, Geophysical Journal International, 224(1), 377-388.
-
Ketin İ., 1948. Über die tektonisch-mechanischen Folgerungen aus den großen anatolischen Erdbeben des letzten Dezenniums, Geol Rundsch 36:77-83.
-
Parsons T., Toda S., Stei R.S., Barka A., Dieterich J.H., 2000. Heightened odds of large earthquakes near İstanbul: an interaction-based probability calculation, Science, 288(5466), 661-665.
-
Reilinger R.E., McClusky S.C., Oral M.B., King R.W., Toksoz M.N., Barka A.A., Sanli I., 1997. Global Positioning System measurements of present‐day crustal movements in the Arabia‐Africa‐Eurasia plate collision zone, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 102(B5), 9983-9999.
-
Schmittbuhl J., Karabulut H., Lenglin´e O., Bouchon M., 2015. Seismicity distribution and locking depth along the MainMarmara Fault, Turkey, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 17, 954-965.
-
Schmittbuhl J., Karabulut H., Lenglin´e O., Bouchon M., 2016. Longlastingseismic repeaters in the Central Basin of theMain Marmara Fault, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(18), 9527-9534.
-
Şahin M., Yaltırak C., Bulut F., Garagon A., 2022. Stress change generated by the 2019 İstanbul–Silivri earthquakes along the complex structure of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Earth, Planets and Space, 74(1), 1-16.
-
Şengör A.M.C., 1979. The North Anatolian transform fault: its age, offset and tectonic significance, J Geol Soc London, 136:269-282.
-
TBDY, 2018. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, 2018.
-
Trifunac M.D., Brady A.G., 1975. A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 65(3), 581-626.
-
Utkucu M., Kanbur Z., Alptekin Ö., Sünbül F., 2009. Seismic behaviour of the North Anatolian Fault beneath the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey): implications for earthquake recurrence times and future seismic hazard, Natural Hazards, 50, 45-71.
-
Yenihayat N., Çaktı E., Şeşetyan K., 2024. Stochastic ground motion simulation of the 26 September 2019 Mw 5.8 Silivri (Istanbul) earthquake, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 22(4), 1605-1633.
-
Zhang Y., Wang Y., Wang R., 2008. Characterization of strong ground motions using significant duration and Arias intensity, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 28(1), 20-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.01.006.
Analysis of Strong Ground Motion Parameters for the Marmara Sea Earthquake (Mw 6.2) on April 23, 2025: Response Spectra, Arias Intensity, and Significant Duration
Year 2025,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 590 - 602
Kaan Hakan Çoban
,
Erdem Bayrak
Abstract
This study evaluates the strong ground motion parameters from the Mw 6.2 earthquake that occurred in the Marmara Sea, approximately 24 km south of Silivri, on April 23, 2025. We analyzed the earthquake's acceleration records from various stations operated by AFAD. Additionally, we calculated response spectra, Arias intensities, and effective time for the recorded data. The calculated response spectra were compared with the design spectra defined in the Turkish Building Earthquake Code(TBDY-2018). The maximum ground acceleration and the highest spectral amplitudes were recorded at the 3415 Istanbul-Küçükçekmece station. We noted that the significant duration values at the stations generally ranged from 10 to 32 seconds. Our findings highlighted significant differences in the acceleration records attributable to local ground effects.
References
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AFAD, 2025a. Tarihsel Dönem Deprem Kataloğu (2000 BC-1900 AD), T.C. İçişleri bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Deprem ve Risk Azaltma Genel Müdürlüğü Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı, Erişim adresi: https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/event-historical.
-
AFAD, 2025b. Deprem Kataloğu, T.C. İçişleri bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Deprem ve Risk Azaltma Genel Müdürlüğü Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı, Erişim adresi: https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/event-catalog.
-
AFAD, 2025c. Türkiye İvme Veritabanı ve Analiz Sistemi (TADAS), T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı, Afet ve Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, Erişim adresi: https://tadas.afad.gov.tr/.
-
Alkan H., Öztürk S., Bektaş Ö., Büyüksaraç A., 2025. Statistical and seismotectonic analyses of the Marmara region under existing stress regime in the west of the NAFZ, Acta Geophysica, 73(2), 1117-1136.
-
Ambraseys N., 2002. The seismic activity of the Marmara Sea region over the last 2000 years, Bull Seismol Soc Am, 92(1):1-18.
-
Ambraseys N.N., Jackson J.A., 2000. Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500, Geophysical Journal International, 141(3), 1-24.
-
Arias A.,1970. A measure of earthquake intensity, In R. J. Hansen (Ed.), Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants MIT Press, pp. 438-483.
-
Aydın U., Pamuk E., Özer Ç., 2022. Investigation of soil dynamic characteristics at seismic stations using H/V spectral ratio method in Marmara Region, Turkey, Natural Hazards , 110(1), 587-606.
-
Barka A., Akyüz H.S., Altunel E., Sunal G., Çakir Z., Dikbas A., Yerli B., Armijo R., Meyer B., de Chabalier J.B., Rockwell T., Dolan J.R., Hartleb R., Dawson T., Christofferson S., Tucker A., Fumal T., Langridge R., Stenner H., Lettis W., Bachhuber J., Page W., 2002. The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake (M 7.4), North Anatolian Fault, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92, 43-60, doi: 10.1785/0120000841.
-
Barka A.,1999. The 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake, Science, 285(5435), 1858-1859.
-
Bayrak Y., Çınar H., Bayrak E., 2011. The North Anatolian Fault Zone: an evaluation of earthquake hazard parameters, In New Frontiers in Tectonic Research-At the Midst of Plate Convergence, IntechOpen.
-
Bohnhoff M., Bulut F., Dresen G., Malin P.E., Eken T., Aktar M., 2013. An earthquake gap south of Istanbul, Nature communications, 4(1), 1999.
-
Bulut F., Aktuğ B., Yaltırak C., Doğru A., Özener H., 2019. Magnitudes of future large earthquakes near Istanbul quantified from 1500 years of historical earthquakes, present-day microseismicity and GPS slip rates, Tectonophysics, 764, 77-87.
-
Çoban K.H., Sayıl N., 2020. Different probabilistic models for earthquake occurrences along the North and East Anatolian fault zones, Arabian J. Geosci.,13: 971.
-
Durand V., Bentz S., Kwiatek G., Dresen G., Wollin C., Heidbach O., Martínez-Garzòn P., Cotton F., Nurlu M., Bohnhoff M., 2020. A two‐scale preparation phase preceded an Mw 5.8 earthquake in the Sea of Marmara Offshore Istanbul, Turkey, Seismological Society of America, 91(6), 3139-3147.
-
Emre Ö., Duman T.Y., Özalp S., Elmacı H., Olgun Ş., Şaroğlu, F., 2013. Açıklamalı Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası. Ölçek 1:1.250.000, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Özel Yayın Serisi-30, Ankara-Türkiye, ISBN: 978-605-5310-56-1.
-
Erdik M., Demircioglu M., Sesetyan K., Durukal E., Siyahi B., 2004. Earthquake hazard in Marmara region, Turkey, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24(8), 605-631.
-
Ergintav S., Reilinger R.E., Çakmak R., Floyd M., Cakir Z., Doğan U., King R.W., McClusky S., Özener H., 2014. Istanbul’s earthquake hot spots: geodetic constraints on strain accumulation along faults in the Marmara seismic gap, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 5783-5788.
-
Gasperini L., Polonia A., Çağatay M.N., Bortoluzzi G., Ferrante V., 2011. Geological slip rates along the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara region, Tectonics, 30(6).
-
Gülerce Z., Ocak S., 2013. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Eastern Marmara Region, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 11, 1259-1277.
-
Irmak T.S., Yolsal-Çevikbilen S., Eken T., Doğan B., Erman C., Yavuz E., Taymaz T., 2021. Source characteristics and seismotectonic implications of the 26 September 2019 Mw 5.7 Silivri High-Kumburgaz Basin earthquake and evaluation of its aftershocks at the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Central Marmara Sea, NW Turkey), Geophysical Journal International, 227(1), 383-402.
-
Kalkan E., Gülkan P., Yilmaz N., Çelebi M., 2009. Reassessment of probabilistic seismic hazard in the Marmara region, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(4), 2127-2146.
-
Karabulut H., Güvercin S.E., Eskiköy F., Konca A.Ö., Ergintav S., 2021. The moderate size 2019 September Mw 5.8 Silivri earthquake unveils the complexity of the Main Marmara Fault shear zone, Geophysical Journal International, 224(1), 377-388.
-
Ketin İ., 1948. Über die tektonisch-mechanischen Folgerungen aus den großen anatolischen Erdbeben des letzten Dezenniums, Geol Rundsch 36:77-83.
-
Parsons T., Toda S., Stei R.S., Barka A., Dieterich J.H., 2000. Heightened odds of large earthquakes near İstanbul: an interaction-based probability calculation, Science, 288(5466), 661-665.
-
Reilinger R.E., McClusky S.C., Oral M.B., King R.W., Toksoz M.N., Barka A.A., Sanli I., 1997. Global Positioning System measurements of present‐day crustal movements in the Arabia‐Africa‐Eurasia plate collision zone, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 102(B5), 9983-9999.
-
Schmittbuhl J., Karabulut H., Lenglin´e O., Bouchon M., 2015. Seismicity distribution and locking depth along the MainMarmara Fault, Turkey, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 17, 954-965.
-
Schmittbuhl J., Karabulut H., Lenglin´e O., Bouchon M., 2016. Longlastingseismic repeaters in the Central Basin of theMain Marmara Fault, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(18), 9527-9534.
-
Şahin M., Yaltırak C., Bulut F., Garagon A., 2022. Stress change generated by the 2019 İstanbul–Silivri earthquakes along the complex structure of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Earth, Planets and Space, 74(1), 1-16.
-
Şengör A.M.C., 1979. The North Anatolian transform fault: its age, offset and tectonic significance, J Geol Soc London, 136:269-282.
-
TBDY, 2018. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, 2018.
-
Trifunac M.D., Brady A.G., 1975. A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 65(3), 581-626.
-
Utkucu M., Kanbur Z., Alptekin Ö., Sünbül F., 2009. Seismic behaviour of the North Anatolian Fault beneath the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey): implications for earthquake recurrence times and future seismic hazard, Natural Hazards, 50, 45-71.
-
Yenihayat N., Çaktı E., Şeşetyan K., 2024. Stochastic ground motion simulation of the 26 September 2019 Mw 5.8 Silivri (Istanbul) earthquake, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 22(4), 1605-1633.
-
Zhang Y., Wang Y., Wang R., 2008. Characterization of strong ground motions using significant duration and Arias intensity, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 28(1), 20-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.01.006.