Dil Değişimi, Dil Yıpranması ve Azerbaycan’da Hınalık Dilinin Etnolinguistik Canlılığı: Sessizce Yaklaşan Tehlike Geri Döndürülebilir Mi?

Öz

Bu yazıda, Azerbaycan'ın yerli bir dili olan Hınalık dilinin sürekli canlılığını tehlikeye atan bazı önemli toplumdilbilimsel etkenleri inceliyoruz. Hınalık, üyeleri dillerini korumaya hevesli küçük, izole edilmiş bir topluluk tarafından konuşulmaktadır. Topluluğun ana diline karşı olumlu tutumu, dilin sürdürülmesini teşvik etmek açısından kesinlikle önemlidir. Öte yandan, belirli dil ekolojisi faktörleri, özellikle genç topluluk üyeleri arasında potansiyel olarak dil değişimi eğilimlerini tetikleyebilir. Özellikle, devlet dilinin sağladığı ekonomik ve sosyal faydalar, dengeli iki dillilikten Azerbaycan dilinin sadece resmî değil aynı zamanda gayriresmî alanlarda da hâkim olduğu eksiltici iki dilliliğe geçişleri teşvik edebilir. Bu makale, Hınalık dilinin sürdürülebilirliğini tehlikeye atan başlıca faktörleri tartışmanın yanı sıra, geri dönülmez dil kaybıyla neticelenebilecek dil yıpranmasını önlemek için bazı önlemler de önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dil yıpranması
• dil canlılığı
• ödünçleme
• yeniden sözcükleştirme
• dil davranışı

Language Change, Language Attrition and Ethnolinguistic Vitality of Khinalug in Azerbaijan: Is The Quietly Approaching Threat Reversible?

Abstract

In this paper we examine some major sociolinguistic factors endangering the sustained vitality of Khinalug, one of the indigenous languages of Azerbaijan. Khinalug is spoken by a small isolated community whose members are keen to preserve their language. The community’s positive attitude towards the native language is definitely important in terms of promoting language maintenance. Nevertheless, certain factors in the linguistic ecology of the speech community may potentially trigger tendencies of language replacement, especially among young community members. In particular, economic and social benefits that the state language provides may encourage shifts from balanced to subtractive bilingualism with Azerbaijani dominating not only in formal but also in informal domains. Along with discussing such major factors endangering the vitality of Khinalug, this paper also proposes some measures for preventing shift to Azerbaijani, and, consequently, the potential irrevocable loss of the Khinalug language.

Keywords

• language attrition
• language vitality
• borrowing
• relexicalization
• language behavior

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