Southwest (Halich) Karaim

Abstract

This paper presents two texts in the Halich Karaim language, which is today practically extinct. Karaim is the common denomination of the Kipchak Turkic varieties once spoken in the religious communities of Eastern European Karaites in today’s Lithuania, Ukraine, and Crimea. Their Mosaic confession is based on reading the Hebrew Bible. The recordings were made in the 1990s in the framework of a research project financed by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft at the University of Cologne. The texts are presented in a Turcological transcription of Johanson (2021) with morphological glosses and English translation. Selected specific features of the variety are briefly described and illustrated with examples from the texts.

Keywords

• Karaim
• endangered language
• Kipchak Turkic
• language documentation
• Karaite confession

Güneybatı (Haliç) Karaycası

Abstract

Bu makale, bugün artık konuşuru tükenmiş bir dil olan Haliç Karaycasından iki metin sunmaktadır. Karayca, bugünkü sınırları itibariyle Litvanya, Ukrayna ve Kırım’da bulunan Doğu Avrupa Karaylarının dini topluluklarında (bir zamanlar) konuşulan Kıpçak Türkçesinin ortak adıdır. Museviliğe ait mezhepleri, İbranice Eski Ahit’in okunmasını esas almaktadır. Kayıtlar 1990’lı yıllarda Köln Üniversitesinde Alman Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kurumu tarafından finanse edilen bir araştırma projesi çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Metinler, Johanson (2021)’de önerilen Türkolojik çevriyazı, satırarası morfolojik açıklamalar ve İngilizce çeviri ile birlikte sunulmaktadır. Karaycanın söz konusu değişkesinin belirgin özellikleri kısaca açıklanıp metinlerden örneklerle ortaya konmaktadır.

Keywords

• Karayca
• yok olma tehlikesi altındaki dil
• Kıpçak Türkçesi
• dil belgelenmesi
• Karay dini

References

1. Baskakov Nikolaj A. et al. (1974). Karaimsko-russko-pol’skij slovar’ [Karaim-Russian-Polish dictionary]. Moskva: Russkij jazyk.
2. Csató , Eva A . (2001). Karaim. In: Stolz, Thomas (ed.) Minor languages of Europe. Bochum: Brockmeyer. 1–24.
3. Csató , Eva A . (2006). Copying word order properties. In: Boeschoten, Hendrik & Johanson, Lars (eds.) Turkic languages in contact. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 152–157.
4. Csató , Eva A . (2016). 189. Karaim. In: Mü ller, Peter O. et al. (eds.) Word formation. International handbook of the languages of Europe. Berlin: de Gruyter. 3379–3388.
5. Csató , Eva A . (2023). Karaim, Northwest and Southwest. In: Johanson, Lars (ed.) Encyclopedia of Turkic languages and linguistics, online. Leiden: Brill.
6. Csató , Eva A . (in print) Homage to the last speaker of Halich Karaim. In: Firkavičiū tė, Karina (ed.) The Karaim language in use. Vilnius: Vilnius University Open Series.
7. Csató , Eva A . & Johanson, Lars (2016). Explorations of Turkic languages and varieties. In: Eker, Süer & Çelik Şavk, Ülkü (eds.) Endangered Turkic languages: Theoretical and general approaches. Ankara & Astana: Khoja Ahmet Yesevi International Turkish-Kazakh University, Ankara International Turkic Academy, Astana. 189–198.
8. Csató , Eva A . & Johanson, Lars (2016). Some phonological and morphological features of spokenHalich Karaim. In: Zimonyi, István & Karatay, Osman (eds.) Central Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in honour of Peter B. Golden. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 57–68.

9. Csató , Eva & Nathan, David (2003). Multimedia and the documentation of endangered languages. In: Austin, Peter (ed.) Language documentation and description 1. London: The Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project. 73–84.
10. Csató , Eva & Nathan, David (2006). Multimedia: A community-oriented information and communication technology. In: Saxena, Anju & Borin, Lars (eds.) Lesser-known languages of South Asia: Status and policies, case studies and applications of information technology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 257–277.
11. Csató , Eva & Nathan, David (2007). Multiliteracy, past and present, in the Karaim communities. In: Austin, Peter (ed.) Language documentation and description 4. London: The Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project. 207–230.
12. Grzegorzewski, Jan von (1903). Ein türk-tatarischer Dialekt in Galizien. Vokalharmonie in den entlehnten Wörtern der karaimischen Sprache in Halicz [A Turkic-Tatar dialect in Galacien. Vowel harmony in loanwords in the Karaim language in Halich]. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philos.-hist. Classe 146. 1–80
13. Johanson, Lars (2021). Turkic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Lavrinovič, Marek (2007). Russko-karaimskij slovar’ [Russian-Karaim dictionary]. Trakaj: The author’s own publication.
15. Mardkowicz, Aleksander (1930). Elijahunun ucuru. Jomak. Karaj jazysłar. Burunhu bitik [Eliyah’s adventure. A tale. Karaim writings. First volume]. Łuck: The author’s own publication.
16. Mardkowicz, Aleksander (1935). Karaj sez-bitigi [Karaim dictionary]. Łuck: The author’s publication.
17. Mireev, Vadim A. & Abragamovič, Nataliya D. (2007). Jazyk karaimov zapadnoj Ukrainy 1–3 [The language of the West-Ukrainian Karaim, 1. Grammar, 2. Karaim-Russian-Ukrainian-English dictionary, 3. Russian-Karaim dictionary]. Simferopol: Meždunarodnyj Institut Krymskix Karaimov.
18. Musaev, Kenesbaj (1964). Grammatika karaimskogo jazyka. Fonetika i morfologija [Karaim grammar. Phonetics and morphology]. Moskva: Nauka.
19. Musaev, Kenesbaj (2004). Sintaksis karaimskogo jazyka [Karaim syntax]. Moskva: Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Jazykoznanija.
20. Németh, Michał (2011). Unknown Lutsk Karaim letters in Hebrew script (19th–20th) centuries. A critical edition. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press.
21. Olach, Zsuzsanna (2013). A Halich Karaim translation of Hebrew biblical texts. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
22. Polliack, Meira (ed.) (2003). Karaite Judaism. A guide to its history and literary sources. Leiden & Boston: Brill.
23. Pritsak, Omeljan (1959a). Das Karaimische [The Karaim (language)]. In: Deny, Jean & Grønbech, Kaare & Scheel, Helmut & Togan, Zeki V. (eds.) Philologiae turcicae fundamenta 1. Wiesbaden: Steiner. 318–340.
24. Shapira, Dan (2003). The Turkic languages and literatures of the East European Karaites. In: Polliack (ed.) 2003: 657–707.
25. Zajączkowski, Ananjasz (1932). Sufiksy imienne i czasownikowe w języku zachodniokaraimskim [Nominal and verbal suffixes in Karaim]. Krakow: Nakładem Polskiej Akademji Umiejętności.
26. Zajączkowski, Ananiasz (1947). Terminologia muzulmań ska a tradycje nomadów w slownictwie karaimskim [Muslim terminology and nomadic traditions in Karaim lexicon]. Myśl Karaimska 2,9–24.
27. Zajączkowski, Ananiasz (1961). Karaims in Poland: History, language, folklore, science. Warsaw & Paris: Pań stwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe & Mouton.
28. Zajączkowski, Ananiasz (1964). Die karaimische Literatur [The Karaim literature]. In: Bazin, Louis & Bombacı, Alessio & Deny, Jean & Gökbilgin, Tayyib & I‰z, Fahir & Scheel, Helmuth & Boratav, Pertev Nailı̂ (eds.) Philologiae turcicae fundamenta 2. Wiesbaden: Steiner. 793–801.