Investigation of Wing Forms Through Mass and Wing Area Chart

Abstract

The wing loading parameter depending on the wing area and weight and the aspect ratio parameter, which is the wing shape factor, are the main parameters that determine the fixed-wing flight mechanics. In this study, the relationship between wing forms and flight style of 195 bird species was evaluated using wing area and mass scatter plot. The slope of the mass and wing area chart is proportional to the 1/wing loading. The results showed that birds with more wing area per unit mass tended to perform unpowered flight styles such as soaring and gliding; and birds with less wing area per unit mass tended to have powered flight styles, such as flapping and hovering. In general, it has been found that the slope of the trendline curve is more inclined tended to expend more energy in flight. Unlike the fixed-wing flight mechanics, hand-wings and arm-wings should also be examined to understand the flight mechanics of flapping wings as different effects occur during flapping flight in terms of the lift and thrust forces. In addition, scythe-shaped wings differ from high-speed wings in terms of the ratio of hand wing length/arm wing length according to their wing structure.

Keywords

• wing loading
• wing forms
• scythe shaped wings
• wing structure
• wing morphology

Kütle ve Kanat Alanı Grafiğinden Kanat Formlarının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Kanat alanı ve ağırlığa bağlı olan kanat yükleme parametresi ve şekil faktörü olan en boy oranı parametresi, sabit kanatlı uçuşun mekaniğini belirleyen ana parametrelerdir. Bu çalışmada, 195 kuş türünün kanat formları ile uçuş tarzları arasındaki ilişki, kanat alanı ve kütle dağılım grafiği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kütle ve kanat alanı grafiğinin eğimi 1/kanat yüklemesiyle orantılıdır. Sonuçlar, birim kütle başına daha fazla kanat alanına sahip kuşların, süzülme ve süzülme gibi enerji gerektirmeyen uçuş stillerine sahip olma eğiliminde olduğunu göstermiştir; ve birim kütle başına daha az kanat alanına sahip kuşlar, kanat çırpma ve havada asılı kalma gibi enerji gerektiren uçuş stillerine sahip olma eğilimindedir. Genel olarak, daha düşük eğri eğimli kuşların kural olarak uçarken daha fazla enerji harcadıkları belirtilmelidir. Çırparak uçuş sırasında kaldırma ve itme kuvvetlerinin oluşumu açısından farklı etkiler meydana geldiğinden, çırpma kanatlarının uçuş mekaniğini anlamak için sabit kanatlı uçuş mekaniğinin aksine el kanatları ve kol kanatları da incelenmelidir. Ayrıca kanat yapılarına göre tırpan kanatlar, el kanadı uzunluğu/kol kanat uzunluğu oranı bakımından yüksek hızlı kanatlardan farklılık gösterir.

Keywords

• kanat yüklemesi
• kanat formları
• tırpan şeklindeki kanatlar
• kanat yapısı
• kanat morfolojisi

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