Comparison of Central and Individual Heating Systems Used for Heating Housings

Abstract

Today, energy production based on fossil energy sources has become seriously questioned by societies due to both cost and environmental pollution. Fossil energy sources are mainly used for heating houses, which constitute a significant part of energy consumption. In this study, central heating systems, which are the most widely used methods to meet the heat energy needs of buildings, and individual heating systems are examined and compared. In the study, the heat loss and energy need of a 5-story building consisting of 10 flats in Kars Center with a total heated area of 1080 m2 were calculated using the TS 825 calculation method, accordingly, calculation of heater devices for both systems, determination of heating system elements, annual fuel consumption amount and cost calculation has been made. Natural gas was used as fuel in both systems to be compared for heating the building. According to the values obtained as a result of the study, it was seen that individual heating systems have higher costs than central heating systems in terms of both initial investment and heating cost. It has been determined that central heating systems are more advantageous in terms of initial investment cost, fuel consumption, and total cost. While the total cost was 441096 TL for the central heating system, it was 508825 TL for the individual heating system.

Keywords

• Heating systems
• Energy saving
• Fuel consumption
• Cost analysis

References

1. Othan O, Omar MA. Bir hastane için iki farklı birleşik ısı ve güç sisteminin termo-ekonomik incelemesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;38(3):1467-80.
2. Sinem I, Yavuz S. Investigation of biogas production potential from Livestock Manure by anaerobic digestion in Bingöl Province. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi.11(1):116-22.
3. Öztürk D, Dener A. Power generation variation analysis of solar panels coated with TiO2. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi.11(1):108-15.
4. Tırnık S. Hayvansal atıkların biyogaz üretim potansiyelinin hesaplanması: iğdır ili örneği. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology. 2022;12(1):152-63.
5. Omar MA. Investigation of burners used in wall-hung combi-boilers: a comparative and cfd study. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ). 2022;21(12).
6. Omar MA, Altinişik K. Simulation of hydrogen production system with hybrid solar collector. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2016;41(30):12836-41.
7. Terhan M, Özağdaş E, Omar MA. Ekonomizer, yoğuşmalı ekonomizer ve hava ön ısıtıcı tasarımları ile atık ısı geri kazanımının enerji ve ekonomik değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;38(4):2521-36.
8. Comakli K, Terhan M. Energy and economic analysis of heat recovery from boiler exhaust flue gas. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering. 2016;10(4):450-8.

9. Cockroft J, Cowie A, Samuel A, Strachan P. Potential energy savings achievable by zoned control of individual rooms in UK housing compared to standard central heating controls. Energy and Buildings. 2017;136:1-11.
10. Meng Z, Junqi Y, Anjun Z. Distributed model predictive control for central heating of high-rise residential buildings. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2022:1-13.
11. Yürük M, Variyenli H, Martin K, Khanları A. Bireysel ısıtma sistemlerinde tesisat temizliğinin enerji verimliliği açısından deneysel olarak değerlendirilmesi. Politeknik Dergisi.1.
12. Omar MA, Altınışık K, Reşitoğlu İA. Kombiler için yarı küresel gözenekli metal matris yakıcının geliştirilmesi. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi. 2015;35(2):137-43.
13. Tahir MF, Haoyong C, Guangze H. Evaluating individual heating alternatives in integrated energy system by employing energy and exergy analysis. Energy. 2022;249:123753.
14. Pavlović B, Ivezić D, Živković M. State and perspective of individual household heating in Serbia: A survey-based study. Energy and Buildings. 2021;247:111128.
15. Zhang F. An individual household-based heating metering and charging management system for central heating in community residential buildings. International Journal of Heat and Technology. 2021;39(3):787-96.
16. Cho H-I, Cabrera D, Patel MK. Estimation of energy savings potential through hydraulic balancing of heating systems in buildings. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020;28:101030.
17. Saba F, Fernicola V, Masoero MC, Abramo S. Experimental analysis of a heat cost allocation method for apartment buildings. Buildings. 2017;7(1):20.
18. Terhan M, Abak SS. Energy, exergy analysis and optimization of insulation thickness on buildings in a low-temperature district heating system. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2023; 9 (1):161-178.
19. Isı Pay Ölçerler. EGE Danışmanlık Enerji Çözümleri. http://www.egedanismanlik.com.tr/Enerji.html. (Accessed:21.12.2022).
20. Şimşek E. Tesisat Teknolojisi. MEB-YÖK Program geliştirme projesi. http://deneysan.com/Content/images/documents/yapi-tesisati_22028043.pdf. (Accessed:20.12.2022).
21. Küçükyalı R. Merkezi ve bireysel sistemlerde enerji tüketimi. Tesisat Mühendisliği Dergisi. 2007; 99:5-25.
22. Şık E. Doğal gaz yakıtlı ısıtma tesisatlarında emniyet ve yakıt tasarrufu sağlayacak otomatik kontrol düzeneğinin geliştirilmesi üzerine teorik ve deneysel araştırma: Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2009.
23. T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. Tesisat teknolojisi ve iklimlendirme. Kullanım sıcak su tesisatı. 2007 Ankara.
24. Omar MA, Altınışık K, Sertkaya AA, Adıgüzel N. Economic analysis of required heat energy for a residence by using condensing and conventional combi boiler. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2016;2(1):38-42.
25. İzoder Derneği, Isı Yalıtımı. İzoder Yayınları. http:// www. izoder. org. tr. (Accessed:11.12.2022).
26. Genceli, O. F., Parmaksızoğlu, İ. C., Kalorifer Tesisatı (7. Baskı), Makine Mühendisleri Odası, İstabnul, 2012
27. MMO. Kalorifer Tesisatı Proje Hazırlama Teknik Esasları. Yayın MMO/2001/259.
28. Yasemin O, Kırmacı V. Bartın ilinde kullanılan isıtma sistemlerinin ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerinin incelenmesi. Mühendislik ve Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;3(1):4-10.
29. Omar MA,. Konutların Isıtılmasında Merkezi ve Bireysel Isıtma Sistemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. 4. Uluslararası Mühendislik Ve Fen Bilimleri Kongreleri (ISPEC). 18-20 Ekim 2019 Ankara.