Investigation of Some Heavy Metal Contents of Soils at Different Distances and Depths in Agricultural Areas Near the Silopi Thermal Power Plant

Abstract

Silopi Thermal Power Plant is located in Şırnak province and uses asphaltite as fuel. Emissions from the power plant chimneys are likely to be dispersed in the region and accumulate on soils due to various factors. This may increase the concentrations of some heavy metals (such as Cr, Ni and Cd) in soils. In this study, it was aimed to determine the plant-available (extractable) and total heavy metal contents of soils taken from areas close to the power plant where agriculture is intensively practiced. A total of 42 soil samples were taken from 7 different distance classes (D1, D2, D3, D4, D4, D5, D6 and D7) and 21 soil samples from 3 different points in each class and two different depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm) close to Thermal Power Plant. Plant-available chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) were determined in soil samples. As a result of the research; extractable (mg kg-1) Cr 0.11-0.29, Ni 0.4-1.71, Cd 0.02-0.1, Co 0.17-0.39 and Pb 0.82-2.37 total (mg kg-1); Cr 22-55, Ni 56-102, Cd 0.6-0.7, Co 41-51 and Pb 69-93. Statistically (p<0.01); Cd and Co concentrations were not significant in terms of distance and depth, Pb and Ni were significant in terms of distance and depth and Cr was significant only in terms of distance. Cr and Ni concentrations decreased with distance from the power plant. Pb and Ni concentrations were higher in the 0-30 cm depth than in the 30-60 cm depth, suggesting the possibility of an external contamination of the topsoil. However, in conclusion, both total and extractable concentrations of all the heavy metals examined did not exceed the permissible limit values in the Turkish Soil Pollution Control Regulation.

Keywords

• Silopi
• Thermal power plant
• Heavy metal
• Soil pollution

Silopi Termik Santrali Yakınlarındaki Tarım Alanlarında, Farklı Uzaklık ve Derinlikteki Toprakların Bazı Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Silopi Termik Santrali Şırnak ilinde bulunmaktadır ve yakıt olarak asfaltit kullanmaktadır. Santral bacalarından çıkan emisyonlar çeşitli faktörlere bağlı olarak bölgeye dağılma ve toprakta birikme ihtimali taşımaktadır. Bu durum topraktaki bazı ağır metallerin (Cr, Ni ve Cd gibi) konsantrasyonunu arttırabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tarımın yoğun olarak yapıldığı santrale yakın alanlardan alınan toprakların bitki tarafından alınabilir (ekstrakte edilebilir) ve toplam ağır metal içeriklerinin belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. Silopi Termik Santraline yakın 7 farklı uzaklık sınıfı (U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, U6 ve U7) ve her sınıfta 3 farklı noktadan 21 adet ve 0-30 cm ve 30-60 cm olmak üzere iki farklı derinlikten toplam 42 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinde bitki tarafından alınabilir, krom (Cr), nikel (Ni), kadmiyum (Cd), kobalt (Co) ve kurşun (Pb) belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ekstrakte edilebilir (mg kg-1); Cr 0.11-0.29, Ni 0.4-1.71, Cd 0.02-0.1, Co 0.17-0.39 ve Pb 0.82-2.37 toplam (mg kg-1); Cr 22-55, Ni 56-102, Cd 0.6-0.7, Co 41-51 ve Pb 69-93 aralığında değişmektedir. Toprakların istatistiksel olarak (p<0.01); Cd ve Co konsantrasyonu uzaklık ve derinlik bakımından önemli bulunmazken, Pb ve Ni uzaklık ve derinlik bakımından önemli, Cr ise yalnızca uzaklık bakımından önemli bulunmuştur. Santralden uzaklaşıldıkça Cr ve Ni konsantrasyonu azalma göstermiştir. Pb ve Ni konsantrasyonu 0-30 cm derinliğinde 30-60 cm derinliğine göre daha yoğun ölçülmüş ve bu da üst topraklara dışarıdan bir katılım riski ihtimalini düşündürmüştür. Fakat sonuç olarak incelenen tüm ağır metallerin hem toplam hem de ekstrakte edilebilir konsantrasyonlarının Türkiye Toprak Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği’nde izin verilen sınır değerleri aşmadığı görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Silopi
• Termik santrali
• Ağır metal
• Toprak kirliliği

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