Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Comparative investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-sensitized ZnO/MoSX Catalysts

Year 2026, Volume: 15 Issue: 1 , 24 - 30 , 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1793075
https://izlik.org/JA64TU38XT

Abstract

Sustainable hydrogen production from water holds significant promise for both addressing the energy crisis and mitigating climate change. Herein, a photocatalytic hydrogen production system was suggested, comprising of Eosin-Y (EY), Erythrosine-B (EB) as photo-sensitizer, ZnO photocatalyst, MoSx co-catalyst, and triethanolamine as a sacrificial agent. The characteristics properties and the photocatalytic hydrogen activities of the proposed catalysts were evaluated. Notably, the Eosin-Y sensitized ZnO/MoSx was exhibited the highest hydrogen activity, achieving as 5.27 mmol g-1 h-1 under visible light illumination. To investigate the dye effect, the comparative studies were also performed by using Eosin-Y and Erytrosine-B, and approximately 3.08 mmol g-1 h-1 hydrogen was achieved by using EB/ZnO/MoSx under the same conditions. In addition, the photocatalytic hydrogen mechanism of EY-sensitized ZnO/MoSx was also proposed and discussed. It is believed that this study can be a potential candidate for photocatalytic systems, providing innovative insights to explore the design of ZnO-based photocatalysts.

Project Number

-

References

  • Chen T, Meng J, Lin Q, Wei X, Li J, Zhang Z. One-step synthesis of hollow BaZrO3 nanocrystals with oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019;780:498-503.
  • Chen Z, Liu X, Xin P, Wang H, Wu Y, Gao C, et al. Interface engineering of NiS@MoS2 core-shell microspheres as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in both acidic and alkaline medium. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021;853:157352.
  • Naikoo GA. Boosting green hydrogen production with ZnS@MoS2 2D materials: A structural, electrochemical and photocatalytic analysis. Materials Today Communications. 2024;41:110175.
  • Zhang Y, Lu Z, Chen H, Kang X, Wang P, Xian Z, et al. Encapsulation of Pt/TiO2@ MoS2+x with polymethyl methacrylate for enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in seawater. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2025:163378.
  • Wang P, Song B, Zhao G. Novel two-dimensional ZnO materials for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Applied Surface Science. 2025;697:163068.
  • Xu Z, Liu H, Yang JL, Gong X, Chen Y, Meng Y, et al. Exploring the Mechanisms of Charge Transfer and Identifying Active Sites in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Using Hollow C@ MoS2‐Au@CdS Nanostructures as Photocatalysts. Advanced Materials. 2025;37(17):2501091.
  • Popugaeva D, Tian T, Ray AK. Hydrogen production from aqueous triethanolamine solution using Eosin Y-sensitized ZnO photocatalyst doped with platinum. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020;45(19):11097-107.
  • Zhang S, Li S, Zhou M, Li X, Wang Y, Suo S, et al. Modulating long-lived ultrafast charge carrier recombination in type-I MoS2/CdS photocatalyst achieving optimal H2 evolution. Separation and Purification Technology. 2025;355:129664.
  • Aldosari OF. Photocatalytic water-splitting for hydrogen production using TiO2-based catalysts:Advances, current challenges, and future perspectives. Catalysis Reviews. 2025:1-38.
  • Rana P, Soni V, Kumar R, Chawla A, Khan AAP, Singh P, et al. Advances in photocatalytic hydrogen production with ZnO/ZnS-based nanostructured materials. Fuel. 2025;386:134286.
  • Guo X, Ju W, Luo Z, Ruan B, Wu K, Li P. ZnO/CuO-based dye sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2025;98:1087-98.
  • Nejadramezan M, Ajami A, Sheibani S. Role of carbon nanotubes in boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutants degradation within S-Scheme g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposite. Environmental Research. 2025:122176.
  • Jing Y, Luan X, Cui L, Lu X, Pan Y, Jiang Y. Ag-doped ZnO nanocomposites for high-performance hydrogen sensing: Synergistic enhancement via structural and electronic modulation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2025;165:150839.
  • Yang L, Huang J, Shi L, Cao L, Zhou W, Chang K, et al. Efficient hydrogen evolution over Sb doped SnO2 photocatalyst sensitized by Eosin Y under visible light irradiation. Nano Energy. 2017;36:331-40.
  • He L, Dou X, Li X, Qin L, Kang S-Z. Remarkable enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanorod array by utilizing energy transfer between Eosin Y and Rose Bengal for visible light-driven hydrogen evolution. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018;43(32):15255-61.
  • Guo Y, Qi C, Lu B, Li P. Enhanced hydrogen production from water splitting by Sn-doped ZnO/BiOCl photocatalysts and Eosin Y sensitization. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2022;47(1):228-41.
  • Jia Y, Wang Z, Qiao X-Q, Huang L, Gan S, Hou D, et al. A synergistic effect between S-scheme heterojunction and Noble-metal free cocatalyst to promote the hydrogen evolution of ZnO/CdS/MoS2 photocatalyst. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021;424:130368.
  • Sharma MD, Mahala C, Basu M. Sensitization of vertically grown ZnO 2D thin sheets by MoSx for efficient charge separation process towards photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020;45(22):12272-82.
  • Zhou P, Navid IA, Ma Y, Xiao Y, Wang P, Ye Z, et al. Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of more than 9% in photocatalytic water splitting. Nature. 2023;613(7942):66-70.
  • Yanalak G, Eroglu Z, Yılmaz S, Bas SZ, Metin O, Patir IH. Metal-doped black phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide (BP/MoS2–Y (Y: Ni, Co)) heterojunctions for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and electrochemical nitrite sensing applications. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2023;48(38):14238-54.
  • Lu P-J, Fu W-E, Huang S-C, Lin C-Y, Ho M-L, Chen Y-P, et al. Methodology for sample preparation and size measurement of commercial ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2018;26(2):628-36.
  • Krishnan U, Kaur M, Kaur G, Singh K, Dogra AR, Kumar M, et al. MoS2/ZnO nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of industrial pollutants. Materials Research Bulletin. 2019;111:212-21.
  • Yuan Y-J, Tu J-R, Ye Z-J, Lu H-W, Ji Z-G, Hu B, et al. Visible-light-driven hydrogen production from water in a noble-metal-free system catalyzed by zinc porphyrin sensitized MoS2/ZnO. Dyes and Pigments. 2015;123:285-92.
  • Yu H, Yuan R, Gao D, Xu Y, Yu J. Ethyl acetate-induced formation of amorphous MoSx nanoclusters for improved H2-evolution activity of TiO2 photocatalyst. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019;375:121934.
  • Yanalak G, Sarılmaz A, Karanfil G, Aslan E, Ozel F, Patir IH. Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from band-gap tunable Ag2S: X (X= Ni, Co, Zn, Mn) nanocrystals: Effect of transition metal ions. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2020;394:112462.
  • Yanalak G, Ozen A, Sarılmaz A, Keles A, Aslan E, Ozel F, et al. Scheelite-type BaMoO4 and BaWO4-based dye sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by water splitting. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 2022;168:110821.

Boya Duyarlı ZnO/MoSX Katalizörleri Üzerinde Görünür Işık Karşısında Fotokatalitik HER Aktivitesinin Karşılaştırmalı Araştırması

Year 2026, Volume: 15 Issue: 1 , 24 - 30 , 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1793075
https://izlik.org/JA64TU38XT

Abstract

Sürdürülebilir sudan hidrojen üretimi, hem enerji krizine çözüm bulmak, hem de iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele etme bakımından büyük bir potansiyel taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Eosin-Y (EY), Erytrosin B (EB) fotohassaslaştırıcısı, ZnO fotokatalizörü, MoSx yardımcı katalizörü ve trietanolamin (TEOA) elektron vericisinden oluşan bir fotokatalitik hidrojen üretim sistemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen katalizörlerin karakteristik özellikleri ve fotokatalitik hidrojen üretim aktiviteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle, Eosin-Y ile hassaslaştırılmış ZnO/MoSx, görünür ışık aydınlatması altında 5.27 mmol g⁻¹ s⁻¹ düzeyinde en yüksek hidrojen üretim aktivitesini göstermiştir. Boyar madde etkisini araştırmak amacıyla, Eosin-Y ve Erytrosin-B kullanılarak karşılaştırmalı hidrojen çalışmaları da yapılmış ve aynı koşullar altında EB/ZnO/MoSx ile yaklaşık 3.08 mmol g⁻¹ s⁻¹ hidrojen üretimi elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca EY ile hassaslaştırılmış ZnO/MoSx sisteminin hidrojen üretim mekanizması önerilmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın, ZnO bazlı fotokatalizörlerin tasarımına yönelik yenilikçi bakış açıları sağlayarak, potansiyel bir fotokatalitik sistem adayı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Project Number

-

References

  • Chen T, Meng J, Lin Q, Wei X, Li J, Zhang Z. One-step synthesis of hollow BaZrO3 nanocrystals with oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019;780:498-503.
  • Chen Z, Liu X, Xin P, Wang H, Wu Y, Gao C, et al. Interface engineering of NiS@MoS2 core-shell microspheres as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in both acidic and alkaline medium. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021;853:157352.
  • Naikoo GA. Boosting green hydrogen production with ZnS@MoS2 2D materials: A structural, electrochemical and photocatalytic analysis. Materials Today Communications. 2024;41:110175.
  • Zhang Y, Lu Z, Chen H, Kang X, Wang P, Xian Z, et al. Encapsulation of Pt/TiO2@ MoS2+x with polymethyl methacrylate for enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in seawater. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2025:163378.
  • Wang P, Song B, Zhao G. Novel two-dimensional ZnO materials for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Applied Surface Science. 2025;697:163068.
  • Xu Z, Liu H, Yang JL, Gong X, Chen Y, Meng Y, et al. Exploring the Mechanisms of Charge Transfer and Identifying Active Sites in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Using Hollow C@ MoS2‐Au@CdS Nanostructures as Photocatalysts. Advanced Materials. 2025;37(17):2501091.
  • Popugaeva D, Tian T, Ray AK. Hydrogen production from aqueous triethanolamine solution using Eosin Y-sensitized ZnO photocatalyst doped with platinum. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020;45(19):11097-107.
  • Zhang S, Li S, Zhou M, Li X, Wang Y, Suo S, et al. Modulating long-lived ultrafast charge carrier recombination in type-I MoS2/CdS photocatalyst achieving optimal H2 evolution. Separation and Purification Technology. 2025;355:129664.
  • Aldosari OF. Photocatalytic water-splitting for hydrogen production using TiO2-based catalysts:Advances, current challenges, and future perspectives. Catalysis Reviews. 2025:1-38.
  • Rana P, Soni V, Kumar R, Chawla A, Khan AAP, Singh P, et al. Advances in photocatalytic hydrogen production with ZnO/ZnS-based nanostructured materials. Fuel. 2025;386:134286.
  • Guo X, Ju W, Luo Z, Ruan B, Wu K, Li P. ZnO/CuO-based dye sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2025;98:1087-98.
  • Nejadramezan M, Ajami A, Sheibani S. Role of carbon nanotubes in boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutants degradation within S-Scheme g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposite. Environmental Research. 2025:122176.
  • Jing Y, Luan X, Cui L, Lu X, Pan Y, Jiang Y. Ag-doped ZnO nanocomposites for high-performance hydrogen sensing: Synergistic enhancement via structural and electronic modulation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2025;165:150839.
  • Yang L, Huang J, Shi L, Cao L, Zhou W, Chang K, et al. Efficient hydrogen evolution over Sb doped SnO2 photocatalyst sensitized by Eosin Y under visible light irradiation. Nano Energy. 2017;36:331-40.
  • He L, Dou X, Li X, Qin L, Kang S-Z. Remarkable enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanorod array by utilizing energy transfer between Eosin Y and Rose Bengal for visible light-driven hydrogen evolution. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018;43(32):15255-61.
  • Guo Y, Qi C, Lu B, Li P. Enhanced hydrogen production from water splitting by Sn-doped ZnO/BiOCl photocatalysts and Eosin Y sensitization. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2022;47(1):228-41.
  • Jia Y, Wang Z, Qiao X-Q, Huang L, Gan S, Hou D, et al. A synergistic effect between S-scheme heterojunction and Noble-metal free cocatalyst to promote the hydrogen evolution of ZnO/CdS/MoS2 photocatalyst. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021;424:130368.
  • Sharma MD, Mahala C, Basu M. Sensitization of vertically grown ZnO 2D thin sheets by MoSx for efficient charge separation process towards photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020;45(22):12272-82.
  • Zhou P, Navid IA, Ma Y, Xiao Y, Wang P, Ye Z, et al. Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of more than 9% in photocatalytic water splitting. Nature. 2023;613(7942):66-70.
  • Yanalak G, Eroglu Z, Yılmaz S, Bas SZ, Metin O, Patir IH. Metal-doped black phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide (BP/MoS2–Y (Y: Ni, Co)) heterojunctions for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and electrochemical nitrite sensing applications. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2023;48(38):14238-54.
  • Lu P-J, Fu W-E, Huang S-C, Lin C-Y, Ho M-L, Chen Y-P, et al. Methodology for sample preparation and size measurement of commercial ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2018;26(2):628-36.
  • Krishnan U, Kaur M, Kaur G, Singh K, Dogra AR, Kumar M, et al. MoS2/ZnO nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of industrial pollutants. Materials Research Bulletin. 2019;111:212-21.
  • Yuan Y-J, Tu J-R, Ye Z-J, Lu H-W, Ji Z-G, Hu B, et al. Visible-light-driven hydrogen production from water in a noble-metal-free system catalyzed by zinc porphyrin sensitized MoS2/ZnO. Dyes and Pigments. 2015;123:285-92.
  • Yu H, Yuan R, Gao D, Xu Y, Yu J. Ethyl acetate-induced formation of amorphous MoSx nanoclusters for improved H2-evolution activity of TiO2 photocatalyst. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019;375:121934.
  • Yanalak G, Sarılmaz A, Karanfil G, Aslan E, Ozel F, Patir IH. Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from band-gap tunable Ag2S: X (X= Ni, Co, Zn, Mn) nanocrystals: Effect of transition metal ions. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2020;394:112462.
  • Yanalak G, Ozen A, Sarılmaz A, Keles A, Aslan E, Ozel F, et al. Scheelite-type BaMoO4 and BaWO4-based dye sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by water splitting. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 2022;168:110821.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Photochemistry, Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics, Semiconductors
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gizem Yıldız 0000-0001-9845-8076

Project Number -
Submission Date September 29, 2025
Acceptance Date November 14, 2025
Publication Date March 30, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1793075
IZ https://izlik.org/JA64TU38XT
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldız, G. (2026). Comparative investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-sensitized ZnO/MoSX Catalysts. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 15(1), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1793075
AMA 1.Yıldız G. Comparative investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-sensitized ZnO/MoSX Catalysts. TJNS. 2026;15(1):24-30. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1793075
Chicago Yıldız, Gizem. 2026. “Comparative Investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-Sensitized ZnO MoSX Catalysts”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 15 (1): 24-30. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1793075.
EndNote Yıldız G (March 1, 2026) Comparative investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-sensitized ZnO/MoSX Catalysts. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 15 1 24–30.
IEEE [1]G. Yıldız, “Comparative investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-sensitized ZnO/MoSX Catalysts”, TJNS, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 24–30, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.1793075.
ISNAD Yıldız, Gizem. “Comparative Investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-Sensitized ZnO MoSX Catalysts”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 15/1 (March 1, 2026): 24-30. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1793075.
JAMA 1.Yıldız G. Comparative investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-sensitized ZnO/MoSX Catalysts. TJNS. 2026;15:24–30.
MLA Yıldız, Gizem. “Comparative Investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-Sensitized ZnO MoSX Catalysts”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 24-30, doi:10.46810/tdfd.1793075.
Vancouver 1.Gizem Yıldız. Comparative investigation on Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic HER Activity Over Dye-sensitized ZnO/MoSX Catalysts. TJNS. 2026 Mar. 1;15(1):24-30. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1793075

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Non-Derivable 4.0 International License.