Marmara Bölgesi'ndeki Keçilerde Toxoplasma gondii Enfeksiyonunun Retrospektif Olarak Araştırılması

Abstract

Toksoplazmosis, insanlar, yabani ve evcil hayvanlar ve kuşlar da dahil olmak üzere dünya genelinde çok çeşitli konakları etkileyen en önemli paraziter hastalıklardan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Enfekte hayvanlarda abort ve neonatal mortalite nedeniyle önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açmakta, ayrıca insanlara kedilerle doğrudan temas, çevresel kaynakların kedi dışkısı ile kontaminasyonu, pastörize edilmemiş süt tüketimi, az pişmiş et yenmesi veya çiğ etle temas yoluyla bulaşabilmesi nedeniyle zoonotik önem de taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki keçilerde Toxoplasma gondii enfeksiyonunun serolojik durumunu belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bir yaşından büyük 270 keçinin serum örnekleri, anti-T. gondii antikorları açısından enzim bağlantılı immünosorbent analiz (ELISA) yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Antikorlar 76 hayvanda (%28,14) saptanmış ve 194 örnek (%71,85) negatif bulunmuştur. Bulgularımız, Marmara Bölgesi’nde yetiştirilen keçilerde T. gondii’nin yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir. Genel olarak sonuçlar, gıda güvenliği, hayvan ve halk sağlığı açısından sürekli izleme ve önleyici tedbirlere duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Toxoplasma gondii
• Keçi
• ELISA
• Marmara Bölgesi
• Türkiye

Retrospective Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Goats from Marmara Region, Türkiye

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is regarded as one of the most significant parasitic diseases affecting a wide range of hosts worldwide, including humans, wild animals, domestic animals and birds. In infected animals, it causes important economic losses due to abortion and neonatal mortality, and it also has zoonotic importance because transmission to humans may occur through direct contact with cats, contamination of environmental resources by cat feces, consumption of unpasteurized milk, eating undercooked meat or handling raw meat. This study was carried out to determine the serological status of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from the Marmara Region. Serum samples from 270 goats older than one year of age were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Test. Antibodies were detected in 76 animals (28.14%), while 194 samples (71.85%) were negative. Our findings indicate that exposure to T. gondii is common in goats raised in the Marmara Region. Overall, the results emphasize the need for continued monitoring and preventive measures from the perspectives of food safety, animal and public health.

Keywords

• Toxoplasma gondii
• Goat
• ELISA
• Marmara Region
• Turkiye

References

1. Buxton D, Maley SW, Wright SE, Rodger S, Bartley P and Innes EA. Toxoplasma gondii and ovine toxoplasmosis: new aspects of an old story. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149:25–28.
2. Cevizci S, Bakar C. Toxoplasma gondii with public health’s perspective. Turk J Public Health. 2013; 11, 45-58.
3. Yasa DS, Kul O. Toxoplasmosis. J Vet Sci Intern Med-Special Topics. 2016; 2, 58-62.
4. Pereira KS, Franco RM, Leal DA. Transmission of toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) by foods. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2010; 60, 1-19.
5. Jamieson SE, Cordell H, Petersen E, Mcleod R, Gilbert RE, Blackwell JM. Host genetic and epigenetic factors in toxoplasmosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009; 104, 162–169.
6. Bozukluhan K, Gökçe G, Uzlu E, Mor N, Erkılıç EE, Kızıltepe Ş. Investigation of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Kars Province. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg. 2018; 32: 169-172.
7. Çelik BA, Çelik ÖY, Mor N, İrak K. Investigation of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Siirt Province in Turkey. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2020; 13: 144-148.
8. Kolören Z, Dubey JA. review of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Turkey. Parasitology. 2020; 147 (1), 12-28.

9. Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, 2nd Edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2010.
10. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasiol. 2000; 30, 1217-1258.
11. Dubey JP, Beattie CP.Toxoplasmosis of animals and man. CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, Florida; 1988.
12. Weilland G, Dalchow W. Toxoplasma infektionen bei Haustieren in der Turkei (Serologische Untersuchungen im Sabin-Feldman Test). Berl Münch Tierarztl Woch. 1970;83, 65-68.
13. OZ I, Ozyer M, Corak R. A study on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep and goats in Adana region by using ELISA and IHA tests. Etlik Vet Microbiyol Derg. 1995; 8, 87-89.
14. Babur C, İnci A Karaer Z. Detection of seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in around of Çankırı Using Sabin Feldman Dye Test. Acta Parasitologica Turcica. 1997; 21, 409-412.
15. Ataseven VS, Ataseven L, Tan T, Babur C, Oguzoglu TC. Seropositivity of agents causing abortion in local goat breeds in Eastern and South-eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Rev Med Vet. 2006; 157, 545-550.
16. Beyhan YE, Babür C, Pekkaya S, Dalkılıç B. Investigation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goats in Kilis province. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg. 2013; 24: 17-19.
17. Sevinç F, Dik B, Gökçen A, Altınöz F, Uslu U. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats detected by Indirekt Hemaglutination (IHA) and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) in the region of Konya. Türk Parazitol Derg. ; 24, 57-60, 2000.
18. Muz MN, Altuğ N, Karakavuk M. Seroprevalence of T. gondii in dairy ruminant production systems, shepherd dogs among the herds and detection of T. gondii-like oocyst in cat feces in Hatay Region. AVKAE Derg. 2013; 3, 38–45.
19. Gokcecik ÖF, Çill E, Yeşilöz H. Investigation of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats farms in Aegean Region. F Ü Sağ Bil Vet Derg. 2022; 36, 165-168.
20. Eser M, Varol K. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in Honamlı goats in Burdur Province. Kocatepe Vet J. 2022;15, 144-150.
21. Fayer R. Toxoplasmosis update and public health implications. Can Vet J.1981; 22, 344-352.
22. Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis in sheep—the last 20 years. Vet Parasitol. 2009;163, 1-2: 1-14.