Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Fish Species Offered for Sale in Bingöl Province

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments is considered a significant environmental problem on a global scale. Metal pollution leads to metal accumulation in fish tissues; this situation poses serious risks to human health through the consumption of contaminated fish. Within the scope of this study, four different fish species (Sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax; Sea bream, Sparus aurata; Mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio and Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) were obtained from a commercial fish seller operating in Bingöl province. The analysis of selected heavy metals, primarily cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In trout, carp, sea bream, and sea bass samples analyzed by ICP-MS (He-KED mode), the elements As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were detected at varying levels. Significant differences in metal accumulation were observed between species, with relative increases in Cr, Ni, and Pb elements particularly noted in carp and sea bass samples. These findings indicate that heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is transferred to biological tissues through the food chain and poses a potential risk to human health.

Keywords

• Heavy metals
• Bioaccumulation
• Fish muscle tissue
• ICP-MS analysis

Bingöl İlinde Satışa Sunulan Bazı Balık Türlerinde Ağır Metal Birikiminin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Sucul ortamlardaki ağır metal kirliliği, küresel ölçekte önemli bir çevre sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Metal kirliliği, balık dokularında metal birikimine yol açar; bu durum, kirlenmiş balıkların tüketilmesi yoluyla insan sağlığı için ciddi riskler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, dört farklı balık türü (Levrek, Dicentrarchus labrax; Çipura, Sparus aurata; Aynalı sazan, Cyprinus carpio ve Gökkuşağı alabalığı, Oncorhynchus mykiss) Bingöl ilinde faaliyet gösteren bir ticari balık satıcısından temin edilmiştir. Öncelikle kadmiyum (Cd), krom (Cr), arsenik (As), kurşun (Pb) ve nikel (Ni) olmak üzere seçilen ağır metallerin analizi, indüktif kuplajlı plazma kütle spektrometrisi (ICP-MS) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. ICP-MS (He-KED modu) ile analiz edilen alabalık, sazan, çipura ve levrek örneklerinde As, Cd, Cr, Ni ve Pb elementleri değişen düzeylerde tespit edilmiştir. Türler arasında metal birikiminde önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmiş olup, özellikle sazan ve levrek örneklerinde Cr, Ni ve Pb elementlerinde göreceli artışlar kaydedilmiştir. Bu bulgular, su ekosistemlerindeki ağır metal kirliliğinin besin zinciri yoluyla biyolojik dokulara aktarıldığını ve insan sağlığı için potansiyel bir risk oluşturduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Ağır metaller
• Biyoakümülasyon
• Balık kas dokusu
• ICP-MS analizi

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