Research Article

Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax excelsa L. on GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line

Volume: 15 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
EN TR

Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax excelsa L. on GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of above-ground and underground extracts obtained from Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn&Sint. (Sakarca, Çökülce, Tükürük otu, and Karga sarımsağı), Smilax excelsa L. (melocan, dikenucu, kırçan, melevcan, merülcen, saparna), and Aegopodium podagraria L. (mendek, keçiayağı) plants on GST (Glutathione-S-Transferase) isozymes in the HepG2 (Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line) liver cancer cell line. Plant samples were obtained from the Perşembe district market in Ordu province in May, which is the harvesting and consumption season for the plants, and their extracts were prepared. Liver cancer cells were multiplied in a specially prepared culture medium using the cell culture method. Plant extracts, taken in 30-gram doses, were applied to the multiplied cancer cell lines. The samples were administered and examined at 24, 48, and 72-hour intervals. The viability of liver cancer cells was investigated using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) test method. Based on the determined IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values, the concentration ranges required to maintain 50% viability of different plant extracts in the HepG2 cell line were determined. GST enzyme activity tests were performed to determine the total GST-specific activity of the plant extracts applied to the HepG2 cell line, and statistical interpretation was made. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated the presence of GST enzymes involved in the apoptotic pathway in the HepG2 cell line containing previously prepared plant samples at the microscopic level. In conclusion, it was determined that each plant extract affected the expression of the GST enzyme in the liver cell line differently (suppression or increase), and that these plant extracts can be used in future studies and drug design.

Keywords

Project Number

2024/079

References

  1. Yilmaz C, Bulus H, Oguztuzun S, Cihan M, Fidan C The activities of GST isozymes in stomach tissues of female obese patients. Turk J Biochem.2020;45(6):883–889.
  2. Koçdoğan KA. Meme Kanserli Hastalarda Glutatyon S-Transferazİzozimlerin Çoklu İlaç Direnç Mekanizmasındaki Proteinlerle Olan İlişkilerinin İncelenmesi.Yükseköğretim Kurumları Destekli Proje, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi BAP Araştırma Projesi, 2014 - 2016.
  3. Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, & Babaç MT. Türkiye bitkileri listesi (Damarlı bitkiler)[Türkiye plant list (Vascular plants)]. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği. 2012.
  4. Raul SC, Beatriz HC, Joseoizel LG and Norma SS. Phenolic Compounds in Genus Smilax. 2017; Chapter 9, p.23.
  5. Chen T, Li JX, Xu Q. Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Smilax glabra. Phytochemistry. 2000; 53 (8): 1051-1055.
  6. Ivanova A, Serly J, Dinchev D, Ocsovszkı I, Kostova I, Molnar J. Screening of some saponins and phenolic components of Tribulus terrestris and Smilax excelsa as MDR modulators. In vivo. 2009; 23 (4): 545-550.
  7. Yalçın ÖC, Sarıaltın YS, Polat ÇD. Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint'in fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerinin ve bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin miktar tayin Journal of Research in Pharmacy. 2020; 24(4): 487-496.
  8. Apaydın E,Yolcu M. Giresun Yöresine Ait Sakarca (Ornithogalum Umbellatum L.) Bitkisinde Toplam Fenolik Madde, Toplam Flavonoid Madde ve İyon Kromatografik Anyon-Katyon İçeriklerinin Tayinleri. J Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;7(2):152-160.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

July 3, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 3

APA
Bayram, T., Öncel, B. C., Fidan Babat, C., Dirican, O., Konuş, M., Yılmaz, C., Yurtcu, E., & Oğuztüzün, S. (2026). Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax excelsa L. on GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 15(3), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1984984
AMA
1.Bayram T, Öncel BC, Fidan Babat C, et al. Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax excelsa L. on GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line. TJNS. 2026;15(3):154-162. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1984984
Chicago
Bayram, Tuğbağ, Buse Ceyda Öncel, Ceylan Fidan Babat, et al. 2026. “Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum Sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax Excelsa L. On GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15 (3): 154-62. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1984984.
EndNote
Bayram T, Öncel BC, Fidan Babat C, Dirican O, Konuş M, Yılmaz C, Yurtcu E, Oğuztüzün S (September 1, 2026) Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax excelsa L. on GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15 3 154–162.
IEEE
[1]T. Bayram et al., “Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax excelsa L. on GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line”, TJNS, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 154–162, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.1984984.
ISNAD
Bayram, Tuğbağ - Öncel, Buse Ceyda - Fidan Babat, Ceylan - Dirican, Onur - Konuş, Metin - Yılmaz, Can - Yurtcu, Erkan - Oğuztüzün, Serpil. “Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum Sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax Excelsa L. On GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 15/3 (September 1, 2026): 154-162. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1984984.
JAMA
1.Bayram T, Öncel BC, Fidan Babat C, Dirican O, Konuş M, Yılmaz C, Yurtcu E, Oğuztüzün S. Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax excelsa L. on GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line. TJNS. 2026;15:154–162.
MLA
Bayram, Tuğbağ, et al. “Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum Sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax Excelsa L. On GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line”. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, vol. 15, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 154-62, doi:10.46810/tdfd.1984984.
Vancouver
1.Tuğbağ Bayram, Buse Ceyda Öncel, Ceylan Fidan Babat, Onur Dirican, Metin Konuş, Can Yılmaz, Erkan Yurtcu, Serpil Oğuztüzün. Investigation of the Effects of Extracts of Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn & Sint. and Smilax excelsa L. on GST Isozymes in the HepG2 Cell Line. TJNS. 2026 Sep. 1;15(3):154-62. doi:10.46810/tdfd.1984984