Classification of Hyperspectral Images Using 3D Convolutional Neural Network

Abstract

Hyperspectral image classification is commonly used for the analysis of remotely sensed images.A hyperspectral image contains rich spectral and spatial information of ground objects that has great potential in applications.The use of spectral spatial information significantly improves the performance of hyperspectral image classification.Hyperspectral images are shown as 3D cubes.Therefore, 3D spatial filtering offers an inherently simple and effective method to simultaneously extract spectral spatial features in such images.In this study, a 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) method is proposed for hyperspectral image classification.The proposed method effectively extracts deep spectral spatially combined features.At the same time, the hyperspectral image cube displays data in aggregate without relying on any pre-processing or post-processing. The hyperspectral image cube is first divided into small overlapping 3D patches.Then these patches are processed to create 3D feature maps using a 3D kernel function on multiple adjacent bands that also preserve spectral information.The proposed method was tested with Indian pines, Pavia university and Botswana datasets.As a result of the experimental studies, the overall accuracy results were obtained 99.35% for Indian pines, 99.90% for the University Pavia, and 99.59% for Botswana.The results were compared with 4 different deep learning-based methods.From the experimental results, it is seen that our proposed 3D CNN method performs better.

Keywords

• Hyperspectral image classification
• Deep learning
• 2D CNN
• 3D CNN

3 Boyutlu Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı Kullanılarak Hiperspektral Görüntülerin Sınıflandırılması

Abstract

Hiperspektral görüntü sınıflandırma, uzaktan algılanan görüntülerin analizi için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bir hiperspektral görüntü, uygulamalarda büyük potansiyele sahip olan yer nesnelerinin zengin spektral bilgilerini ve uzamsal bilgilerini içermektedir. Spektral uzamsal bilgi kullanımı hiperspektral görüntü sınıflandırmasının performansını önemli ölçüde arttırmaktadır. Hiperspektral görüntüler, 3B küpler biçiminde gösterilmektedir. Bu nedenle, 3B uzamsal filtreleme, bu tür görüntülerdeki spektral uzamsal özellikleri eşzamanlı olarak çıkarmak için doğal olarak basit ve etkili bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hiperspektral görüntü sınıflandırması için bir 3B evrişimli sinir ağı (3B ESA) yöntemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem, derin spektral uzamsal birleştirilmiş özellikleri etkin bir şekilde çıkarmaktadır. Aynı zamanda herhangi bir ön işleme veya son işleme dayanmadan hiperspektral görüntü küpü verileri toplu olarak görüntülemektedir. Hiperspektral görüntü küpü önce küçük üst üste binen 3B parçalara bölünmektedir. Daha sonra bu parçalar, spektral bilgileri de koruyan birden çok bitişik bant üzerinde bir 3B çekirdek işlevi kullanarak 3B özellik haritaları oluşturmak için işlenmektedir. Önerilen yöntem indian pines, pavia üniversitesi ve botswana veri setleri ile test edilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, indian pines için %99,35, pavia üniversitesi için %99,90 ve botswana için ise %99,59 genel doğruluk sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, 4 farklı derin öğrenme tabanlı yöntemle karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlardan, önerilen 3B ESA yöntemimizin daha iyi performans gösterdiği görülmektedir.

Keywords

• Hiperspektral görüntü sınıflandırma
• Derin öğrenme
• 2BESA
• 3B ESA

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