Nörodejeneratif Hastalıkların Tedavisinde Nöroprotektif Ajan Olarak Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar

Abstract

Nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, sinir hücrelerindeki yapısal ve işlevsel dejenerasyon ve/veya sinir hücrelerinin ölümü ile karakterize multifaktöryel hastalıklardır. Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz ve Multiple Skleroz insanların yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyen ve hızlı ilerleme yeteneğinde olan en önemli nörodejeneratif hastalıklardır. Nörodejeneratif hastalıkların kesin bir tedavisi henüz bulunmamakla birlikte; hastalığın seyrini yavaşlatarak insanların yaşam kalitelerini artırmayı hedefleyen tedavi yaklaşımları uygulanmaktadır. Mevcut terapötik müdahaleler ve bu doğrultuda kullanılan ilaçların, kronik kullanımda ciddi yan etkiler meydana getirmiş olması, uygulanan tedavi stratejilerinde karşılaşılan en önemli güçlükler arasında olup; bu durum hastaların geleneksel tıp uygulamalarına yönelmesine neden olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, nörodejenerasyonda beyin hasarlarının iyileşmesine katkıda bulunan ve yeni sinaps oluşumlarını teşvik ederek öğrenme ve hafıza fonksiyonlarını artırıcı yönde potansiyele sahip olan nöroprotektif özellikteki tıbbi bitkilerle yapılan tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları günümüzde önemli bir yaklaşım haline gelmiştir. Tıbbi bitkiler; ihtiva ettikleri fitokimyasallar sayesinde, nörodejeneratif hastalık gelişimi ile ilişkili hücresel ve moleküler mekanizmalarda etkili olarak, hastalığın prognozunu yavaşlatmaya ciddi anlamda katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede, nörodejeneratif hastalıkların mekanizmaları ve bu hastalıkların tedavisinde terapötik ajan olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahip olan nöroprotektif tıbbi bitkiler ve fitokimyasallar kaleme alınmıştır.

Keywords

• nörodejeneratif bozukluklar
• tıbbi bitkiler
• tamamlayıcı tıp
• nöroprotektif
• geleneksel tıp

Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals as Neuroprotective Agents in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial diseases characterized by structural and functional degeneration and/or death of nerve cells. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis are the most important neurodegenerative diseases that negatively affect people's quality of life and can progress rapidly. Although there has been no definitive treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, yet; treatment approaches aiming to increase the people's quality of life by slowing the course of the disease are applied. The existing therapeutic interventions and the drugs used in this direction, causing serious side effects in chronic use, are among the most important difficulties encountered in the applied treatment strategies; which has caused patients to turn to traditional medicine practices. In this context, complementary medicine applications with neuroprotective medicinal plants, which contribute to the recovery of brain damage in neurodegeneration and have the potential to increase learning and memory functions by promoting the formation of new synapses, have become an important approach today. Thanks to the phytochemicals, medicinal plants contribute significantly to reduce the prognosis of the disease by effective in the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the development of neurodegenerative disease. The mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroprotective medicinal plants and phytochemicals that have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of these diseases are summarized in this review.

Keywords

• neurodegenerative disorders
• medicinal plants
• complementary medicine
• neuroprotective
• traditional medicine

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