Investigation of Some Metabolic Enzyme Activities in Samples of Serum and Humor Aqueous of Cataract Cases with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 163 - 170, 27.03.2023

Büşra Çalışkan , Mine Aksoy , Muhammet Serhat Özaslan , İlknur Akyol Salman

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1250739

Abstract

Objective: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) occurs as a result of aggregation of extracellular matrix material in ocular tissues and visceral organs and it is known as a systemic disease. The purpose of our study is to investigate the activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), glutathione reductase (GR), aldose reductase (AR), paraoxonase (PON) enzymes in aqueous and serum samples, also serum selenium levels.
Methods: Serum and aqueous samples from 33 PEX and 33 control subjects were collected. Enzyme activities were studied in both serum and aqueous samples by biochemical methods.
Results: According to the results, serum CA hydratase enzyme activity levels were higher in the samples with PEX compared to the control samples (p < 0.05). Aqueous CA hydratase and aqueous/serum PON, GR and AR activity levels did not differ significantly among the study samples (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the relationship of carbonic anhydrase with aqueous production and glaucoma, increased CA hydratase activity may help to understand the etiopathogenesis and mechanism of conversion to glaucoma of PEX. In the literature, we did not find a study on activity of CA in aqueous and serum samples in patients with PEX. Therefore, we believe that this study can be a reference.

Keywords

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, carbonic anhydrase, aldose reductase, glutathione reductase, paraoxonase

References

• Damji KF, Bains HS, Amjadi K, Dohadwala AA, Valberg JD, Chevrier R, et al. Familial occurrence of pseudoexfoliation in Canada. Can J Ophthalmol. 1999;34(5),257-265.
• Konstas AG, Williamson TH. Coexistence of exfoliation syndrome, previous iris surgery and heterochromia. Acta Ophthalmol. 1993; 71(6),850-852.
• Orr AC, Robitaille JM, Price PA, Hamilton JR, Falvey DM, De Saint-Sardos AG, et al. Exfoliation syndrome: clinical and genetic features. Ophthalmic Genet. 2001;22(3),171-185.
• Ringvold A, Blika S, Elsas T, Guldahl J, Brevik T, Hesstvedt P, et al. The Middle-Norway eye-screening study. I. Epidemiology of the pseudo-exfoliation syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol. 1988;66(6):652-8.
• Koliakos GG, Befani CD, Mikropoulos D, Ziakas NG, Konstas. AGP. Prooxidant–antioxidant balance, peroxide and catalase activity in the aqueous humour and serum of patients with exfoliation syndrome or exfoliative glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246:1477–1483.
• Koliakos GG, Konstas AGP, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, et al. 8 isoprostaglandin F2α and ascorbic acid concentration in the aqueous humour of patients with exfoliaition syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:353-6.
• Koliakos GG, Konstas GP, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Bufidis T et al. Ascorbic acid concentration is reduced in the aqueous humor of patients with exfoliation syndrome. American J Oph. 2002; 134;879-83.
• Ringvold A. Epidemiology of the pseudo-exfoliation syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(4),371-375.
• Sangal N, Chen TC. Cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Semin Ophthalmol. 2014;29(5-6), 403-408.
• Goel M, Picciani RG, Lee RK, Bhattacharya SK. Aqueous humor dynamics: a review. Open Ophthalmol J. 2010;4,52-59.
• Kuchle M, Nguyen NX, Hannappel E, Naumann GO. The blood-aqueous barrier in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Ophthalmic Res. 1995;27Suppl 1,136-142.
• Nguyen NX, Kuchle M, Martus P, Naumann GO. Quantification of blood-aqueous barrier breakdown after trabeculectomy: pseudoexfoliation versus primary open-angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 1999;8(1),18.
• Mizuno K, Hara S, Ishiguro S, Takei Y. Acid phosphatase in eyes with pseudoexfoliation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;89(4),482-489.
• Baba H. Investigation of the pathogenesis of glaucoma capsulare with special discussion of alpha-lp and cp in aqueous-humor. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 1982;218(6), 283-286.
• Smolenska-Janicowa D, Bernacka K. Relationship between exfoliation syndrome and autoimmunity. Results of the analysis of aqueous humor. Klin Oczna. 1982;84(4),99-100.
• Koliakos GG, Konstas AGP, Dimitrakoulias N, Triantos A, Kardasopoulos A, Dimitriadou A, et al. Possible role of transferrin in exfoliation syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol Scan. 1996;74(2), 155-159.
• Vesaluoma M, Mertaniemi P, Mannonen S, Lehto I, Uusitalo R, Sarna S,et al. Cellular and plasma fibronectin in the aqueous humour of primary open-angle glaucoma, exfoliative glaucoma and cataract patients. Eye(Lond). 1998;12,886-890.
• Ho SL, Dogar GF, Wang J, Crean J, Wu QD, Oliver N, et al. Elevated aqueous humour tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and connective tissue growth factor in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89(2),169-173.
• Koliakos GG, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Konstas AG, Bufidis T, Georgiadis N, Dimitriadou A. Transforming and insulin-like growth factors in the aqueous humour of patients with exfoliation syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2001;239(7),482-487.
• Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Zenkel M, Kuchle M, Sakai LY, Naumann GO. Role of transforming growth factor-beta1 and its latent form binding protein in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Exp Eye Res. 2001;73(6),765-780.
• Aggarwal M, Boone CD, Kondeti B, McKenna R. Structural annotation of human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2013;28(2),267-277.
• Supuran CT, Scozzafava A. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents. 2000;10(5), 575-600.
• Dobbs PC, Epstein DL, Anderson PJ. Identification of isoenzyme C as the principal carbonic anhydrase in human ciliary processes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1979;18(8),867-870.
• Li HL, Liu DP, Liang CC. Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms, oxidative stress, and diseases. J Mol Med (Berl). 2003;81(12),766-779.
• Circu ML and Aw TY: Reactive oxygen species, cellular redox systems, and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med.2010;48(6):749-762.
• Carlberg I, Mannervik B. Purification and characterization of glutathione reductase from calf liver.An improved procedure for affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose-4B. Anal Biochem. 1981;116(2),531-536.
• Circu ML and Aw TY. Glutathione and modulation of cell apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1823(10): 1767-1777.
• Cerelli MJ, Curtis DL, Dunn JP, Nelson PH, Peak TM, Waterbury LD. Antiinflammatory and aldose reductase inhibitory activity of some tricyclic arylacetic acids. J Med Chem. 1986;29(11),2347-2351.
• Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. Endocrine. 2015;48(3),756-775.
• Caliskan B, Ozaslan MS, Aksoy M, Salman IA. Prolidase activity in aqueous and serum samples of cataract cases with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Exp Eye Res. 2022;214,108880.
• Wilbur KM, Anderson NG. Electrometric and colorimetric determination of carbonic anhydrase. J Biol Chem. 1948;176(1),147-154.
• Verpoorte JA, Mehta S, Edsall JT. Esterase activities of human carbonic anhydrases B and C. J Biol Chem. 1967;242(18), 4221-4229.
• Eckerson HW, Romson J, Wyte C, La Du BN. The human serum paraoxonase polymorphism: identification of phenotypes by their response to salts. Am J Hum Genet. 1983;35(2),214.
• Naumann GO, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Kuchle M. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome for the comprehensive ophthalmologist. Intraocular and systemic manifestations. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(6),951-968.
• Berlau J, Lorenz P, Beck R, Makovitzky J, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Thiesen HJ, et al. Analysis of aqueous humour proteins of eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2001;239(10),743-746.
• Schumacher S, Nguyen NX, Kuchle M, Naumann GO. Quantification of aqueous flare after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117(6),733-735.
• Kliuchnikova AA, Samokhina NI, Ilina IY, Karpov DS, Pyatnitskiy MA, Kuznetsova KG, et al. Human aqueous humor proteome in cataract, glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Proteomics. 2016;16(13),1938-1946. Varışlı B, Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Gür C, Ayna A, Genç A, et al. Chrysin mitigates diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats. Molecular Biology Reports. 2023;50(1), 433-442.
• Kucukler S, Benzer F, Yildirim S, Gur C, Kandemir FM., Bengu AS, et al. Protective effects of chrysin against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lead acetate in rat kidneys: a biochemical and histopathological approach. Biological Trace Element Research. 2021;199(4),1501-1514.
• Caglayan, C., Kandemir, F. M., Darendelioğlu, E., Küçükler, S., & Ayna, A. Hesperidin protects liver and kidney against sodium fluoride-induced toxicity through anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic mechanisms. Life Sciences. 2021;281,119730.
• Spector A, Garner WH. Hydrogen peroxide and human cataract. Exp Eye Res. 1981;33(6),673-681.
• Goyal A, Srivastava A, Sihota R, Kaur J. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma patients. Curr Eye Res. 2014;39(8),823-829.
• Uzun L, Duzguncinar O, Evren O, Demirpence E, Uzun A, Gürsel E. Antioxidant status in the aqueous humor of patients with exfoliation syndrome. MN Ophtalmol. 2006;13(4),273-278.
• Yagci R, Gurel A, Ersoz I, Keskin UC, Hepsen IF, Duman S, et al. Oxidative stress and protein oxidation in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Curr Eye Res. 2006;31(12),1029-1032.
• DelaPaz MA, Epstein DL. Effect of age on superoxide dismutase activity of human trabecular meshwork. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37(9),1849-1853.
• Ferreira SM, Lerner SF, Brunzini R, Evelson PA, Llesuy SF. Antioxidant status in the aqueous humour of patients with glaucoma associated with exfoliation syndrome. Eye. 2009;23(8), 1691-1697.
• Costagliola C, Iuliano G, Menzione M, Rinaldi E, Vito P, Auricchio G. Effect of vitamin E on glutathione content in red blood cells, aqueous humor and lens of humans and other species. Exp Eye Res. 1986;43(6),905-914.
• Veach J. Functional dichotomy: glutathione and vitamin E in homeostasis relevant to primary open-angle glaucoma. Br J Nutr. 2004;91(6), 809-829.
• Dursun F, Vural Ozec A, Aydin H, Topalkara A, Dursun A, Toker MI, et al. Total oxidative stress, paraoxonase and arylesterase levels at patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Int J Ophthalmol. 2015;8(5),985-990.
• Srivastava SK, Ramana KV, Bhatnagar A. Role of aldose reductase and oxidative damage in diabetes and the consequent potential for therapeutic options. Endocr Rev. 2005;26(3), 380-392.
• Singh M, Kapoor A, Bhatnagar A. Physiological and Pathological Roles of Aldose Reductase. Metabolites. 2021;27;11(10):655.
• Aydin E, Cumurcu T, Ozugurlu F, Ozyurt H, Sahinoglu S, Mendil D, Hasdemir E. Levels of iron, zinc, and copper in aqueous humor, lens, and serum in nondiabetic and diabetic patients: their relation to cataract. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2005;108(1-3),33-41.
• Dawczynski J, Blum M, Winnefeld K, Strobel J. Increased content of zinc and iron in human cataractous lenses. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2002;90(1-3),15-23.
• Gunduz G, Gunduz F, Yucel I, Senturk UK. Levels of zinc and magnesium in senile and diabetic senile cataractous lenses. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003;95(2),107-112.
• Lakomaa EL, Eklund P. Trace element analysis of human cataractous lenses by neutron-activation analysis and atomic-absorption spectrometry with special reference to pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule. Ophthalmic Res. 1978;10(5-6),302-306.
• Roman M, Jitaru P, Barbante C . Selenium biochemistry and its role for human health. Metallomics. 2014;6(1), 25-54.
• Yilmaz A, Ayaz L, Tamer L. Selenium and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151(2),272-276 e271.
• Aggarwal M, McKenna R. Update on carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a patent review (2008-2011). Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2012;22(8),903-915.
• Carta F, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A. Novel therapies for glaucoma: a patent review 2007-2011. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2012;22(1),79-88.