Türkiye’de Ticari Balıkçılıkta Kapasite Kullanımı ve Teknik Etkinlik

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 188 - 196, 30.12.2025

Nevra Alhas Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.61513/tead.1826091

Öz

Bu araştırma ile Türkiye’de ticari balıkçılıkta kapasite kullanımı ve tekne büyüklüğünün teknik etkinlik üzerinde etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’ndan elde edilen 2020 Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri mikro veri seti oluşturmakta olup, bu veri beş farklı büyüklük kategorisinde 1858 ticari balıkçılık teknesini kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada teknik etkinlik skorları ve etkinsizliğe etkili faktörlerin hesaplanmasında Stokastik Sınır Analizi’nden faydalanılmıştır. Model sonuçları beş farklı büyüklük kategorisi için teknik etkinlik skorlarının 0.30 ile 0.73 arasında değiştiğini ve ortalama teknik etkinliğin 0.47 olduğunu ve tekne büyüklüğünün teknik etkinlik skorunu ciddi biçimde artırdığını göstermektedir. Üretim modeli tüm girdilerin, çalışan sayısı, enerji, diğer giderler ve denize çıkılan gün sayısı, çıktıyı, yani av değerini arttırdığını göstermekte olup, denize çıkılan gün ve çalışan sayısı girdilerinin yüksek elastikiyeti bu girdilerin üretim modelinde daha etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma sonuçları ölçeğe artan getiri prensibinin balıkçılık sektöründe oldukça etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Etkinsizlik modeli sonuçlarına göre beygir gücü ve trol tipi balıkçılık etkinsizliği azaltırken, ücretsiz aile işçisi (balıkçının kendisi veya ortak) artırmaktadır. Bu araştırma, karar vericilerin tekne birleştirme ve genişletme politikaları ile balıkçılık sektörünü destekleyip geliştirebileceğini önermektedir. Ayrıca, ücretsiz çalışanları etkinsizlik üzerindeki olumsuz etkisinin azaltılması için teknelerin kurumsallaşması önemlidir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumunun, Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri soru formunu tekne sahibinin eğitimi ve tecrübesi gibi sosyo-demografik değişkenleri ekleyerek güncellemesi önerilmekte olup, bu sayede teknik etkinlik üzerinde yönetim becerisinin etkisi değerlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balıkçılık , Stokastik Sınır Analizi , Teknik Etkinlik , Türkiye

Capacity Utilization and Technical Efficiency of Commercial Fishing in Türkiye

Öz

This research investigated capacity utilization of commercial fishing and examined the impact of vessel size on technical efficiency. The material was 2020 Fishery Statistics micro data set of Turkish Statistical Institute including 1858 commercial vessels in five different size categories. Stochastic Frontier Analysis was used to compute technical efficiency scores and to examine inefficiency determinants. The model results showed that mean technical efficiency of five different vessel size categories was varied from 0.30 to 0.73 with a mean of 0.47 and technical efficiency score was seriously increased with vessel size. Production model revealed that all inputs; energy costs, other costs, crew size and days at sea increased the output, catch value, whereas the higher elasticity of days at sea and crew size indicated that these inputs were more effective on fishery production. The results showed that increasing return to scale principle is very effective in fishery sector. Inefficiency model revealed that horsepower of vessel and trawl type vessel reduced the level of inefficiency whereas unpaid crew (fisherman, partner) increased. The research concluded that decision makers could support merging and expanding vessel size in order to improve the sector. Also, the negative impact of unpaid crew could be decreased via institutionalization. This research suggested that Turkish Statistical Institute should revise the questionnaire of Fishery Statistics in order to obtain some socio-demographic variables such as education and experience about owner of vessels in order to evaluate the impact of management skills on technical efficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fishery , Stochastic Frontier Analysis , Technical Efficiency , Türkiye

Kaynakça

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