Lise Öğrencileri İçin Kariyer Karar Verme Güçlükleri Ölçeği’nin Faktör Yapısının ve Güvenirliğinin Yeniden İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı orijinalini Gati ve Saka’nın (2001a) geliştirdiği ve Bacanlı (2008) tarafından Türk lise öğrencilerine uyarladığı Kariyer Karar Verme Güçlükleri Ölçeği’nin (KKVGÖ-TLF) faktör yapısını ve güvenirliğini yeniden incelemektir. Araştırmaya 9. sınıftan 1370 (706 kız, 649 erkek ve 15 belirsiz ), 10. sınıftan 1221 (739 kız, 465 erkek ve 17 belirsiz), 11. sınıftan 884 (488 kız,391 erkek ve 5 belirsiz) ve 12. sınıftan 1268 (748 kız, 510 erkek ve 10 belirsiz) olmak üzere toplam 4743 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma grubundaki öğrencilerin yaşları 15-21 arasında değişmektedir. Bu öğrencilerin yaş ortalamaları (x)=17.63; ss= 1.06’dır. Veriler KKVGÖ-LFR ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler confirmatory faktör analizi ve pearson-moment korelasyon katsayısı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları lise öğrencileri için KKVGÖ-LFR’nün faktör yapısının ölçeğin dayandırıldığı kuramsal temelle ve uyarlandığı orijinal ölçeğin yapısıyla tutarlı olduğunu göstermiştir. İç tutarlılık ve testin tekrarın kararlılık katsayıları da orijinal ölçeğinkine benzer bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, ilgili literatüre dayanarak tartışılmış ve gelecek araştırmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

• kariyer karar verme güçlükleri, faktör yapısı, lise öğrencileri

THE EXAMINATION OF FACTOR STRUCTURE AND RELIABILITY OF CDDQ FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract

The purpose of present research was to re-examine the factor structure and validity of the Career Decision Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDMDQ) adapted to Turkish high school students by Bacanli (2008) and originally developed by Gati and Saka (2001a), 1370 (706 girls, 649 boys and 15 unknown) students from 9th grade, 1221 (739 girls, 465 boys and 17 unknown) students from 10th grade, 884 (488 girls, 391 boys and 5 unknown) students from 11th grade, and 1268 (748 girls, 510 boys and 10 unknown) students from 12th grade participated in this study and the total participants were 4743 high school students. The participans’ age ranged from 12 to 18 years and they had a mean age of 17.63 years (SD=1.06). Comfirmatory factor analysis and Pearson moment correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the factor structure of the re-examined CDMDQ-HSR for high school students was consistent with both the factor structure of the original questionnaire and also with the theoretical structure. Internal consistensy and test-re test reliabilities of the CDMDQ-HSR were similar to the reliabilities of the original questionnaire. The results were discussed in terms of related literature and recommendations were made for future research.

Keywords

• career decision making difficulties, factor analysis, high school students

References

1. Bacanlı, F. (2015). Career decision-making difficulties of Turkish adolescents. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, doi: 10.1007/s10775-015-9304-8.
2. Bacanlı, F. (2008, April 25-27). Career decision-making difficulties of turkish adolescents. Counseling international perspective: Global demands and local needs. Bahçeşehir University (Oral Presentation).
3. Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York: The Guilford Press.
4. Brown, S. D., & Rector, C. C. (2008). Conceptualizing and diagnosing problems in career decision-making. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (4th ed., pp. 392–407). New York, NY: Wiley.
5. De Coster, J. (1998).Overview of Factor Analysis, http://www,stat-help,com, 28/04/2011.
6. Gati, I., Krausz, M., ve Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision-making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 510-526.
7. Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B. & Anderson, R., E, (2009).Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th edition Upper Saddle River, N., J. 07458: Prentice Hall.
8. Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. and Mullen, M.R. (2008). ‘Evaluating Model Fit: A Synthesis of the Structural Equation Modelling Literature’ presented at the 7th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies, Regent’s College, London, United Kingdom.

9. Hu, L.-T.,& Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
10. Kagitcibasi, C. (1997). Individualism and collectivism. In J. Berry, M. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology(Vol. 3, 2nd ed., pp. 1-49). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
11. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1982a). The changing value of children in Turkey, Publ. No. 60-E. Honolulu:East-West Center.
12. Kline, R. (2005), Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 2.nd Edition, Guilford Press, London
13. Reis, H. T.,&Judd, C., M., (2000). Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, Cambridge University press
14. Tylor, M, A, & Pastor, D, A, (2007), A confirmatory factor analysis of the student to college questionnaire, Educational and psychological measurement, Volume: 67, Number: 6; Page: 1002-1018, DOI: 10,1177/0013164406299125
15. Akaydin, F.S. (2002). An examination the relationship between problem fields, levels, problem solving skills and seeking help behaviours of university students. (Unpublished master thesis), Karadeniz Techinical University, Turkey.
16. Albion, M. J.,& Fogarty, G. J. (2002). Factors influencing career decision making in adolescents and adults. Journal of Career Assessment, 10, 91-126.
17. Bacanli, F. (2006). Personality characteristics as predictors of personal indecisiveness. Journal of Career Development, 32, 320-332.
18. Crites, J. O. (1978). Theory and research handbook for the Career Maturity Inventory. Monterey, CA: CTB/McGraw-Hill.
19. Creed, P. A.,& Yin, W. O. (2007). Reliability and Validity of a Chinese Version of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 6, 47-63.
20. Cakir, M.A. (2003). The effectiviness career group guidance program on career indecion levels of high school students. Ankara University, Turkey (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
21. Dogan, H. (2010). The Effectiveness of a career decision-making group guidance program on career decision-making difficulties of 9th high school students. Ankara, Turkey. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
22. Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision mak¬ing. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 510-526.
23. Gati, I. (1998). Using career-related aspects to elicit preferences and. characterize occupations for a better person-environment ft. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52, 343-356.
24. Gati, I.,& Saka, N. (2001a). High school students' career related decision-making difficulties. Journal of Counseling and Development, 79, 331-340.
25. Gati, I. & Saka, N. (2001b). Internet-based versus paper-and-pencil assessment: Measuring career decision-making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 9, 397-416.
26. Gati, I., Osipow, S. H., Krausz, M., & Saka, N. (2000). Validity of the Career Decision-Making Difficulty Questionnaire: Counselees' versus career counselors' perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 99-113.
27. Gati, I.,and Asher, I. (2001). The PIC model for career decision making: Prescreening, in-depth exploration, and choice. In: F. T. L. Leong ve A. Barak (Eds.), Contemporary models in voca¬tional psychology(pp. 7-54). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
28. Germeijs,V., and De Boeck, P. (2003). A measurement scale for indecisiveness and its relationship to career indecision and other types of indecision. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18, 113-122.
29. Hamamcı, Z., Bacanlı, F., Doğan, H. (2011, Ekim). İlköğretim ortaöğretim ve üniversite öğrencilerinin mesleki ve eğitsel kararlarını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. 12. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, İzmir.
30. Hamamcı, Z.,&Hamurlu, K. M. (2005). Anne Babaların Meslek Gelişimine Yardımcı Olmaya Yönelik Tutumları ve Bilgi Düzeylerinin Çocuklarının Mesleki Kararsızlıkları ile İlişkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6,55-59
31. Hijazi, Y., Tatar, M., & Gati, I. (2004). Career decision-making difficulties among Israeli and Palestinian Arab high-school seniors. Professional School Counseling, 8, 64-72.
32. Kagitcibasi, C. (1997). Individualism and collectivism. J.W. Berry, M. H. Segal, & C. Kagitcibasi (Ed.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology,(pp. 1-49). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
33. Kagitcibasi, C. (1990). Insan-Aile-Kultur [Human-Family-Culture]. Remzi Kitabevi A. S. Istanbul.
34. Kleiman, T.,& Gati, I. (2004). Challenges of Internet-based assessment: Measuring career decision-making difficulties. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 37, 41-55.
35. Kleiman, T., Gati, I., Peterson, G., Sampson, J., Reardon, R., & Lenz, J. (2004). Dysfunctional thinking and difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Career Assessment, 12, 213-331.
36. Lancaster, B. P., Rudolph, C. E., Perkins, T. S., & Patten, T. G. (1999). The reliability and validity of the Career Decision Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of Career Assessment, 7, 393-413.
37. Mau, W.C. (2004). Cultural dimensions of career decision-making difficulties. The Career Development Quarterly, 53, 67-78.
38. Morgan, T., and Ness, D. (2003), Career decision making difficulties of first year students. The Canadian Journal of Career Development, 2, 33-37.
39. Nevo, O. (1987). Irrational expectations in career counseling and their confronting arguments. The Career Development Quarterly, 35, 239-250.
40. Nunnally, J., Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw Hill.
41. Osipow, S. H.,& Gati, I. (1998). Construct and concurrent validity of the career decision-making difficulties questionnaire. Journal of Career Assessment, 6, 347-364.
42. Özyürek, R. ve Atıcı, M. K. (2002). Üniversite öğrencilerinin meslek seçimi kararlarında kendilerine yardım eden kaynakalrın belirlenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2(17): 33-42.
43. Prince, J. P., Chartrand, J. M., & Silver, D. G. (2000).Constructing a quality career
44. assessment site.Journal of Career Assessment, 8t 55-67.
45. Santos, P. J. (2001). Predictors of generalized indecision among Portuguese secondary school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 9, 381-396.
46. Sarı, E. (2007). The Effects of Impetuous, Exploratory, and Overall Indecisiveness on Self-esteem Among Turkish University Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 7, 915-926
47. Sattath, S.,& Tversky, A. (1977). Additive similarity trees. Psychometrika, 42, 319-345.
48. Sürücü, M. (2005). An examination the relationships between career maturity and perceived social support of high school students (Unpublishhed master thesis) Turkey, Ankara: GaziUniversity.
49. Tien, H. S. (2001). Career decision-making difficulties perceived by college students in Taiwan. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 33, 87-98
50. Tien, S. H. L (2005). The validation of the career decision-making difficulties scale in a Chinese culture. Journal of Career Assessment, 13, 114-127.
51. Thompson, B. (2005). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Ameraican Psychological Association, Washington, DC.