Research Article

Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey

Volume: 25 Number: 76 August 11, 2026
EN TR

Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey

Abstract

Background Preanalytical processes in pathology play a critical role in ensuring diagnostic accuracy and patient safety. Errors in specimen handling, fixation, and transport may compromise histopathological evaluation and the reliability of molecular tests. Despite their importance, preanalytical practices are often insufficiently addressed in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of interns and residents in Turkey regarding proper specimen handling and to identify gaps in both theoretical knowledge and routine practice. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included 827 participants, consisting of interns and residents from various medical and surgical specialties in Turkey. Data were collected between May and June 2025 using an online questionnaire developed based on the literature and validated by pathology faculty members. The questionnaire included three sections: demographic characteristics, theoretical knowledge (13 items), and practice-based assessments (19 Likert-scale items, applied only to residents). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0. Comparisons between groups were conducted using Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-square tests, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results A total of 827 participants were included, comprising 138 interns (16.7%) and 689 residents (83.3%). The mean age was 28.56 ± 4.07 years, and 50.2% of participants were female. Among residents, 48.9% were from surgical specialties, 35.7% from internal medicine, and 16.2% from pathology. Additionally, 66.7% of participants reported no prior pathology rotation. Pathology residents demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores compared to interns and non-pathology residents (p<0.001). Correct response rates for key preanalytical principles, including immediate fixation in 10% formalin and the recommended fixative ratio, were highest among pathology residents but remained suboptimal in other groups. Notably, 32.9% of participants selected inadequate tissue-to-fixative ratios. Knowledge regarding frozen section procedures also varied across specialties, with inappropriate practices such as formalin fixation or delayed transport frequently reported. In practice-based assessments, discrepancies were observed between self-reported practices of non-pathology residents and the observations of pathology residents regarding these practices. Based on pathology residents’ evaluations, lower adherence to recommended practices and higher error rates were observed, particularly in specimen labeling, fixation adequacy, and timely transport. Conclusions This study reveals significant gaps in preanalytical knowledge and practice among interns and non-pathology residents. While pathology residents achieved higher accuracy, inconsistencies between reported and observed practices suggest ongoing challenges in real-world implementation. Addressing these gaps requires structured educational interventions, increased exposure to pathology workflows, and improved integration of preanalytical principles into clinical training.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Ethical Statement

This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Pamukkale University (Ethics Approval Number: E-680366). Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained electronically prior to participation. No identifying personal data were collected, and all responses were recorded anonymously.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank all interns and residents who participated in this study.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medical Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 11, 2026

Submission Date

April 17, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 25 Number: 76

APA
Çomut, E., Şenol, H., Göde, C. R., Çakal, A., Bozkurt, A., & Demirkan, N. (2026). Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 25(76), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.1932243
AMA
1.Çomut E, Şenol H, Göde CR, Çakal A, Bozkurt A, Demirkan N. Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2026;25(76):159-174. doi:10.25282/ted.1932243
Chicago
Çomut, Erdem, Hande Şenol, Ceren Rana Göde, Ali Çakal, Alihan Bozkurt, and Neşe Demirkan. 2026. “Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey”. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 25 (76): 159-74. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.1932243.
EndNote
Çomut E, Şenol H, Göde CR, Çakal A, Bozkurt A, Demirkan N (August 1, 2026) Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 25 76 159–174.
IEEE
[1]E. Çomut, H. Şenol, C. R. Göde, A. Çakal, A. Bozkurt, and N. Demirkan, “Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey”, Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, vol. 25, no. 76, pp. 159–174, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.25282/ted.1932243.
ISNAD
Çomut, Erdem - Şenol, Hande - Göde, Ceren Rana - Çakal, Ali - Bozkurt, Alihan - Demirkan, Neşe. “Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey”. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 25/76 (August 1, 2026): 159-174. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.1932243.
JAMA
1.Çomut E, Şenol H, Göde CR, Çakal A, Bozkurt A, Demirkan N. Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2026;25:159–174.
MLA
Çomut, Erdem, et al. “Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey”. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, vol. 25, no. 76, Aug. 2026, pp. 159-74, doi:10.25282/ted.1932243.
Vancouver
1.Erdem Çomut, Hande Şenol, Ceren Rana Göde, Ali Çakal, Alihan Bozkurt, Neşe Demirkan. Preanalytical Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Surgical Pathology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Interns and Residents in Turkey. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2026 Aug. 1;25(76):159-74. doi:10.25282/ted.1932243