Research Article
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Medical Students' Professional Values in Relation to Identity, Capacity for Self-Reflection and Learning Environment Climate

Year 2025, Volume: 24 Issue: 73, 57 - 69, 10.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.1616275

Abstract

Background: Professional values continue to develop throughout medical education as a result of the individual's own internal evaluations during identity development as well as their engagement with the educational environment. Identity development processes, capacity for reflection, and perception of the clinical learning climate have an important role in shaping these values. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between personality development processes, reflection capacities, perception of learning climate, and professional values of clinical students.
Methods: Medical students in clinical term (n=681) with a mean age of 22.86 (Sd=1.48) were evaluated for their personality development processes, self-reflection and insight capacities, perception of learning climate, and professional values. The students filled in the valid and reliable scales related to the mentioned variables by themselves after obtaining their consent. In addition to descriptive statistics, linear regression and mediation analyses were performed with Jamovi 2.3.21 to predict professional values. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and local ethics committee permission was obtained.
Results: Insight and engagement in self-reflection significantly differentiated by grade and females had higher scores for given importance to professional values than males. Except for the emotion dimension, the clinical environment was perceived more positively by juniors than senior students. Perception of learning climate as motivating and exploration- in-depth dimension scores from personality processes positively predicted professional values. The motivator effect of the learning climate has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between exploration-in depth and given importance to professional values.
Conclusions: Research on medical students’ professional values should be designed holistically to evaluate individual and environmental factors together. Medical education should focus on both practices that will encourage personality development processes, increase people's capacity for reflection and evaluation, and improve the clinical learning environment. In this regard, it is important to include practices within the educational programs that specifically target reflection on clinical education experiences as a competency and to inform faculty members about the effects of the learning environment on students' professional value development.

References

  • 1. Birden H, Glass N, Wilson I, Harrison M, Usherwood T, Nass D. Defining professionalism in medical education: a systematic review. Med Teach. 2014;36(1):47-61. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2014.850154
  • 2. Parthiban N, Boland F, Fadil Azim DH, et al. Asian medical students' attitudes towards professionalism. Med Educ Online. 2021;26(1):1927466. doi:10.1080/10872981.2021.1927466
  • 3. Suciu N, Meliț LE, Mărginean CO. A Holistic Approach of Personality Traits in Medical Students: An Integrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):12822. Published 2021 Dec 5. doi:10.3390/ijerph182312822
  • 4- Schubert S. , Buus N. , Monrouxe L. , & Hunt C.. The development of professional identity in clinical psychologists: a scoping review. Medical Education. 2023;57(7):612-626. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.15082
  • 5- Findyartini A. and Sudarsono N.. Remediating lapses in professionalism among undergraduate pre-clinical medical students in an asian institution: a multimodal approach. BMC Medical Education 2018;18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1206-2
  • 6. Luyckx K, Schwartz SJ, Goossens L, Beyers W, Missotten, L. Processes of personal identity formation and evaluation. In: Schwartz SJ, Luyckx K, Vignoles VL, editors. Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. New York:Springer Science and Business Media; 2011. p.77-98.
  • 7. Caza BB, Creary S. Chapter 13: The construction of professional identity. In: Hislop D, Coupland C, editors. Perspectives on Contemporary Professional Work. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited; 2016: p.259-285.
  • 8. Yılmaz ND, Yalçınkaya M. Tıp Öğrencilerinin Öğrenme İklimi Algılarının; Akademik Özyeterlik, Hekimlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum ve Akademik Başarı Açısından İncelenmesi Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2018;53:13-23.
  • 9. Brown MEL, Coker O, Heybourne A, Finn GM. Exploring the Hidden Curriculum's Impact on Medical Students: Professionalism, Identity Formation and the Need for Transparency. Med Sci Educ. 2020;30(3):1107-1121. doi:10.1007/s40670-020-01021-z
  • 10. Désilets V, Graillon A, Ouellet K, Xhignesse M, St-Onge C. Reflecting on professional identity in undergraduate medical education: implementation of a novel longitudinal course. Perspect Med Educ. 2022;11(4):232-236. doi:10.1007/s40037-021-00649-w
  • 11. Barbarà-i-Molinero A, Cascón-Pereira R, Hernández-Lara, AB. Professional identity development in higher education: influencing factors. Int. J. Educ. Manag. 2017;31(2):189-203. doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-05-2015-0058.
  • 12. Aşkun D, Çetin F. Turkish Version of Self-Reflection and Insight Scale: A Preliminary Study for Validity and Reliability of the Constructs. Psychol. Stud. 2017; 62(1): 21-34. doi: 10.1007/s12646-017-0390-1.
  • 13. Demirören M, Öztuna D. Tıp Öğrencilerinin Profesyonelizme Yönelik Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. STED. 2015;24(3):89-98.
  • 14. Yilmaz ND, Velipasaoglu S, Ozan S, et al. A multicenter study: how do medical students perceive clinical learning climate?. Med Educ Online. 2016;21:30846. doi:10.3402/meo.v21.30846
  • 15. Morsünbül Ü, Çok F. Kimlik Gelişiminin Boyutları Ölçeği'nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması Düşünen Adam J. Psych. Neurol. Sci. 2014;27(March):6-14. doi: 10.5350/DAJPN2014270101.
  • 16. The Jamovi Project [Computer Software]. Version 2.3. Sydney Australia: 2023.
  • 17. Parandeh A, Khaghanizade M, Mohammadi E, Mokhtari Nouri J. Factors influencing development of professional values among nursing students and instructors: a systematic review. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;7(2):284-293. Published 2014 Nov 16. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v7n2p284
  • 18. Montemurro D, Vescovo G, Negrello M, et al. Medical professional values and education: a survey on italian students of the medical doctor school in medicine and surgery. N Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(2):134-139. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.107535
  • 19. Khademalhosseini M, Khademalhosseini Z, Mahmoodian F. Comparison of empathy score among medical students in both basic and clinical levels. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2014;2(2):88-91.
  • 20. Győrffy Z, Birkás E, Sándor I. Career motivation and burnout among medical students in Hungary - could altruism be a protection factor?. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16:182. Published 2016 Jul 18. doi:10.1186/s12909-016-0690-5
  • 21. Attema AE, Galizzi MM, Groß M, et al. The formation of physician altruism. J Health Econ. 2023;87:102716. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102716
  • 22. Tanrıverdi EÇ. Professional attitudes of third –year medical students: A cross-sectional studies, Van Tıp Dergisi 2022;29(2):197-206, doi: 10.5505/vtd.2022.21546.
  • 23. Niemi PM. Medical students' professional identity: self-reflection during the preclinical years. Med Educ. 1997;31(6):408-415. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1997.00697.x
  • 24. Yasin YK., Öztürk S, Dereboy Ç, Okyay P. Tıp Fakültesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Mesleki Kaygıları Üzerine Kalitatif Bir Araştırma, Aydın. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 2018;17(Mayıs-Ağustos):35-49.
  • 25. Carr SE, Johnson PH. Does self reflection and insight correlate with academic performance in medical students?. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13:113. Published 2013 Aug 23. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-113
  • 26. Yavari N, Asghari F, Shahvari Z, Nedjat S, Larijani B. Obstacles of professional behavior among medical trainees: A qualitative study from Iran (2018). J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:193. Published 2019 Oct 24. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_272_19
  • 27. Clapham M, Wall D, Batchelor A. Educational environment in intensive care medicine--use of Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM). Med Teach. 2007;29(6):e184-e191. doi:10.1080/01421590701288580
  • 28. Quartey J, Acheampong K, Kwakye, SK, Dankwah J. Perceptions of undergraduate allied health students of the clinical learning environment and clinical educators' attributes at the University of Ghana. Afr. J. Health Prof. Educ. 2022;14(4);182-185. doi:10.7196/AJHPE.2022.v14i4.1218.
  • 29. Fayed MM, Abdo SA, Sharif AF. Preclinical and Clinical Medical Students' Perception of the Learning Environment: A Reference to the Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Course. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2022;13:369-406. Published 2022 Apr 23. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S354446
  • 30. Demirören M, Palaoglu O, Kemahli S, Ozyurda F, Ayhan IH. Perceptions of students in different phases of medical education of educational environment: ankara university faculty of medicine. Med Educ Online. 2008;13:8. Published 2008 Jun 9. doi:10.3885/meo.2008.Res00267
  • 31. Godefrooij MB, Diemers AD, Scherpbier AJ. Students' perceptions about the transition to the clinical phase of a medical curriculum with preclinical patient contacts; a focus group study. BMC Med Educ. 2010;10:28. Published 2010 Apr 5. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-10-28
  • 32. Malau-Aduli BS, Roche P, Adu M, Jones K, Alele F, Drovandi A. Perceptions and processes influencing the transition of medical students from pre-clinical to clinical training. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):279. Published 2020 Aug 24. doi:10.1186/s12909-020-02186-2
  • 33. Meeus W. Studies on identity development in adolescence: An overview of research and some new data. J Youth Adolesc. 1996;25(5):569-598.

Tıp Öğrencilerinin Mesleki Değerlerinin Kimlik, Öz-Yansıtma Kapasitesi ve Öğrenme Ortamı İklimi ile İlişkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 24 Issue: 73, 57 - 69, 10.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.1616275

Abstract

Amaç: Mesleki değerler, tıp eğitimi boyunca bireyin bireysel kimlik gelişimi sırasında kendi iç değerlendirmelerinin yanı sıra eğitim ortamıyla etkileşiminin bir sonucu olarak gelişmeye devam eder. Bireysel kimlik gelişim süreçleri, yansıtma kapasitesi ve klinik öğrenme ortamı iklimi algısı bu değerlerin şekillenmesinde önemli bir role sahip olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinik dönem tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin kişilik gelişim süreçleri, yansıtma kapasiteleri, öğrenme ortamı iklimi algıları ve mesleki değerleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır.
Yöntem: Yaş ortalaması 22.86 (Ss=1.48) olan altı yüz seksen bir klinik dönem tıp fakültesi öğrencisi kişilik gelişim süreçleri, öz yansıtma ve içgörü kapasiteleri, öğrenme iklimi algıları ve mesleki değerleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrenciler, bahsi geçen değişkenlerle ilgili geçerli ve güvenilir ölçekleri onaylarını alındıktan sonra kendileri doldurmuşlardır. Jamovi 2.3.21 programı ile tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra mesleki değerleri yordamak için doğrusal regresyon ve aracılık analizi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma Helsinki Deklarasyonu ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüş ve yerel etik kurul izni alınmıştır.
Bulgular: İçgörü ve özdüşünüme katılım sınıflara göre anlamlı şekilde farklılık göstermiştir ve kadınların mesleki değerlere önem verme puanları erkeklerin verdikleri puanlardan daha yüksektir. Öğrenme çevresi iklimi değişkeninde klinik öğrenme ortamı, duygu boyutu hariç, son sınıf öğrencilerine kıyasla alt sınıf öğrencileri tarafından daha olumlu algılanmıştır. Öğrenme ortamı ikliminin motive edici olarak algılanması ve kişilik süreçlerinden derinlemesine araştırma boyutu puanları mesleki değerleri pozitif yönde yordamıştır. Öğrenme ortamı ikliminin motive edici etkisi, derinlemesine araştırma ile mesleki değerlere verilen önem arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracılık etkisine sahiptir.
Sonuç: Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin mesleki değerleri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, bireysel ve çevresel faktörleri birlikte değerlendirecek şekilde bütüncül olarak tasarlanmalıdır. Tıp eğitimi, kişilik gelişim süreçlerini teşvik edecek, kişilerin yansıtma ve değerlendirme kapasitesini artıracak ve klinik öğrenme ortamını iyileştirecek her iki uygulamaya da odaklanmalıdır. Bu bağlamda, eğitim programlarında özellikle klinik eğitim deneyimlerini yansıtmayı bir yetkinlik olarak hedefleyen uygulamalara yer verilmesi ve öğretim üyelerinin öğrenme ortamının öğrencilerin mesleki değer gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri konusunda bilgilendirilmesi önemlidir.

References

  • 1. Birden H, Glass N, Wilson I, Harrison M, Usherwood T, Nass D. Defining professionalism in medical education: a systematic review. Med Teach. 2014;36(1):47-61. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2014.850154
  • 2. Parthiban N, Boland F, Fadil Azim DH, et al. Asian medical students' attitudes towards professionalism. Med Educ Online. 2021;26(1):1927466. doi:10.1080/10872981.2021.1927466
  • 3. Suciu N, Meliț LE, Mărginean CO. A Holistic Approach of Personality Traits in Medical Students: An Integrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):12822. Published 2021 Dec 5. doi:10.3390/ijerph182312822
  • 4- Schubert S. , Buus N. , Monrouxe L. , & Hunt C.. The development of professional identity in clinical psychologists: a scoping review. Medical Education. 2023;57(7):612-626. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.15082
  • 5- Findyartini A. and Sudarsono N.. Remediating lapses in professionalism among undergraduate pre-clinical medical students in an asian institution: a multimodal approach. BMC Medical Education 2018;18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1206-2
  • 6. Luyckx K, Schwartz SJ, Goossens L, Beyers W, Missotten, L. Processes of personal identity formation and evaluation. In: Schwartz SJ, Luyckx K, Vignoles VL, editors. Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. New York:Springer Science and Business Media; 2011. p.77-98.
  • 7. Caza BB, Creary S. Chapter 13: The construction of professional identity. In: Hislop D, Coupland C, editors. Perspectives on Contemporary Professional Work. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited; 2016: p.259-285.
  • 8. Yılmaz ND, Yalçınkaya M. Tıp Öğrencilerinin Öğrenme İklimi Algılarının; Akademik Özyeterlik, Hekimlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum ve Akademik Başarı Açısından İncelenmesi Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2018;53:13-23.
  • 9. Brown MEL, Coker O, Heybourne A, Finn GM. Exploring the Hidden Curriculum's Impact on Medical Students: Professionalism, Identity Formation and the Need for Transparency. Med Sci Educ. 2020;30(3):1107-1121. doi:10.1007/s40670-020-01021-z
  • 10. Désilets V, Graillon A, Ouellet K, Xhignesse M, St-Onge C. Reflecting on professional identity in undergraduate medical education: implementation of a novel longitudinal course. Perspect Med Educ. 2022;11(4):232-236. doi:10.1007/s40037-021-00649-w
  • 11. Barbarà-i-Molinero A, Cascón-Pereira R, Hernández-Lara, AB. Professional identity development in higher education: influencing factors. Int. J. Educ. Manag. 2017;31(2):189-203. doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-05-2015-0058.
  • 12. Aşkun D, Çetin F. Turkish Version of Self-Reflection and Insight Scale: A Preliminary Study for Validity and Reliability of the Constructs. Psychol. Stud. 2017; 62(1): 21-34. doi: 10.1007/s12646-017-0390-1.
  • 13. Demirören M, Öztuna D. Tıp Öğrencilerinin Profesyonelizme Yönelik Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. STED. 2015;24(3):89-98.
  • 14. Yilmaz ND, Velipasaoglu S, Ozan S, et al. A multicenter study: how do medical students perceive clinical learning climate?. Med Educ Online. 2016;21:30846. doi:10.3402/meo.v21.30846
  • 15. Morsünbül Ü, Çok F. Kimlik Gelişiminin Boyutları Ölçeği'nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması Düşünen Adam J. Psych. Neurol. Sci. 2014;27(March):6-14. doi: 10.5350/DAJPN2014270101.
  • 16. The Jamovi Project [Computer Software]. Version 2.3. Sydney Australia: 2023.
  • 17. Parandeh A, Khaghanizade M, Mohammadi E, Mokhtari Nouri J. Factors influencing development of professional values among nursing students and instructors: a systematic review. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;7(2):284-293. Published 2014 Nov 16. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v7n2p284
  • 18. Montemurro D, Vescovo G, Negrello M, et al. Medical professional values and education: a survey on italian students of the medical doctor school in medicine and surgery. N Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(2):134-139. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.107535
  • 19. Khademalhosseini M, Khademalhosseini Z, Mahmoodian F. Comparison of empathy score among medical students in both basic and clinical levels. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2014;2(2):88-91.
  • 20. Győrffy Z, Birkás E, Sándor I. Career motivation and burnout among medical students in Hungary - could altruism be a protection factor?. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16:182. Published 2016 Jul 18. doi:10.1186/s12909-016-0690-5
  • 21. Attema AE, Galizzi MM, Groß M, et al. The formation of physician altruism. J Health Econ. 2023;87:102716. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102716
  • 22. Tanrıverdi EÇ. Professional attitudes of third –year medical students: A cross-sectional studies, Van Tıp Dergisi 2022;29(2):197-206, doi: 10.5505/vtd.2022.21546.
  • 23. Niemi PM. Medical students' professional identity: self-reflection during the preclinical years. Med Educ. 1997;31(6):408-415. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1997.00697.x
  • 24. Yasin YK., Öztürk S, Dereboy Ç, Okyay P. Tıp Fakültesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Mesleki Kaygıları Üzerine Kalitatif Bir Araştırma, Aydın. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 2018;17(Mayıs-Ağustos):35-49.
  • 25. Carr SE, Johnson PH. Does self reflection and insight correlate with academic performance in medical students?. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13:113. Published 2013 Aug 23. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-113
  • 26. Yavari N, Asghari F, Shahvari Z, Nedjat S, Larijani B. Obstacles of professional behavior among medical trainees: A qualitative study from Iran (2018). J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:193. Published 2019 Oct 24. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_272_19
  • 27. Clapham M, Wall D, Batchelor A. Educational environment in intensive care medicine--use of Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM). Med Teach. 2007;29(6):e184-e191. doi:10.1080/01421590701288580
  • 28. Quartey J, Acheampong K, Kwakye, SK, Dankwah J. Perceptions of undergraduate allied health students of the clinical learning environment and clinical educators' attributes at the University of Ghana. Afr. J. Health Prof. Educ. 2022;14(4);182-185. doi:10.7196/AJHPE.2022.v14i4.1218.
  • 29. Fayed MM, Abdo SA, Sharif AF. Preclinical and Clinical Medical Students' Perception of the Learning Environment: A Reference to the Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Course. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2022;13:369-406. Published 2022 Apr 23. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S354446
  • 30. Demirören M, Palaoglu O, Kemahli S, Ozyurda F, Ayhan IH. Perceptions of students in different phases of medical education of educational environment: ankara university faculty of medicine. Med Educ Online. 2008;13:8. Published 2008 Jun 9. doi:10.3885/meo.2008.Res00267
  • 31. Godefrooij MB, Diemers AD, Scherpbier AJ. Students' perceptions about the transition to the clinical phase of a medical curriculum with preclinical patient contacts; a focus group study. BMC Med Educ. 2010;10:28. Published 2010 Apr 5. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-10-28
  • 32. Malau-Aduli BS, Roche P, Adu M, Jones K, Alele F, Drovandi A. Perceptions and processes influencing the transition of medical students from pre-clinical to clinical training. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):279. Published 2020 Aug 24. doi:10.1186/s12909-020-02186-2
  • 33. Meeus W. Studies on identity development in adolescence: An overview of research and some new data. J Youth Adolesc. 1996;25(5):569-598.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medical Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sinem Yıldız İnanıcı 0000-0001-8488-3231

Mevlüt Okan Aydin 0000-0002-8060-8803

Hakan Karataş 0000-0002-3648-3820

Early Pub Date August 1, 2025
Publication Date August 10, 2025
Submission Date January 9, 2025
Acceptance Date April 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 24 Issue: 73

Cite

Vancouver Yıldız İnanıcı S, Aydin MO, Karataş H. Medical Students’ Professional Values in Relation to Identity, Capacity for Self-Reflection and Learning Environment Climate. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2025;24(73):57-69.