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Bilgisayar ve Oyun Bağımlılığı: Psikososyal Etkiler ve Müdahale Yöntemleri

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 44 - 55, 31.12.2025

Servet Bayram

Abstract

Dijital oyunlar çağımızın en popüler eğlence araçlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Ancak bu eğlencenin sınırları aşıldığında, bireylerde özellikle gençler arasında ciddi bağımlılık belirtileri gözlemlenmekte ve beraberinde bir çok sorun oluşmaktadır. Bu sorunlar bireylerin fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal yapılarında olumsuz durumlar doğurmaktadır. Bu makalede, dijital oyun bağımlılığı olgusu; tanımı, psikososyal etkileri, risk faktörleri ve müdahale stratejileri çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, Psikoloji ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Bölümlerinde okuyan öğrencilere dijital bağımlılıkla mücadelede bütüncül bir yaklaşım önermekte, bağımlılığı önleme ve müdahalede hangi yöntemlerin kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Bağımlılık Bilgisayar Oyun Psikoterapi Yöntemler

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517
  • Aziz, N., Nordin, M. J., Abdulkadir, S. J., & Salih, M. M. M. (2021). Digital addiction: Systematic review of computer game addiction impact on adolescent physical health. Electronics, 10(9), 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10090996
  • Bányai, F., Zsila, Á., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., ... & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0169839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169839
  • Carter, B., Rees, P., Hale, L., Bhattacharjee, D., & Paradkar, M. S. (2016). Association between portable screen-based media device access or use and sleep outcomes. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(12), 1202–1208. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2341
  • Dell’Osso, B., Hadley, S. J., Allen, A., Baker, B. R., Chaplin, W. F., & Hollander, E. (2008). Escitalopram in the treatment of impulsive-compulsive internet usage disorder: An open-label trial followed by a double-blind discontinuation phase. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(3), 452–456. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v69n0313
  • Ekinci, N. E., Yalçın, İ., Özer, Ö., & Kara, T. (2021). An investigation of the digital game addiction between high school students. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 8(3), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2021.8.3.0141
  • Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002
  • Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014). The benefits of playing video games. American Psychologist, 69(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034857
  • Han, D. H., Lee, Y. S., Na, C., Ahn, J. Y., Chung, U. S., Daniels, M. A., ... & Renshaw, P. F. (2010). The effect of methylphenidate on Internet video game play in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(6), 585–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.08.011
  • Kim, J., Lee, J., Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2022). Treatments of internet gaming disorder and comorbid mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 300, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.029
  • King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Wu, A. M. S., Doh, Y. Y., Kuss, D. J., Pallesen, S., ... & Sakuma, H. (2017). Treatment of internet gaming disorder: An international systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.002
  • Király, O., Nagygyörgy, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Problematic online gaming. In K. P. Rosenberg & L. C. Feder (Eds.), Behavioral addictions (pp. 61–97). Academic Press.
  • Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Instagram addiction and the Big Five of personality: The mediating role of self-liking. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.05
  • Ko, C. H., et al. (2009). The effect of family therapy on the changes in the severity of online game play and brain activity in adolescents with online game addiction. Psychiatry Research, 170(2-3), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.09.003
  • Kowert, R., & Quandt, T. (Eds.). (2016). The video game debate: Unravelling the physical, social, and psychological effects of digital games. Routledge.
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Internet addiction in adolescence: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987–1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.002
  • Lee, S. Y., Kim, J. W., & Lee, H. (2023). A systematic review of pharmacological treatments for internet gaming disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 122, 152376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152376 Lemmens, J.
  • S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathological gaming. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.015
  • Lo, H. S., et al. (2021). Family-based therapy for internet addiction among adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 298, 113819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113819
  • Mihara, S., & Higuchi, S. (2017). Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 71(7), 425–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12532 , Montag, C., & Reuter, M. (2017). Internet addiction: Neuroscientific approaches and therapeutical interventions. Springer.
  • Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 137–143.
  • Srinivasan, R., Kumar, P., & Sharma, S. (2024). Does psychoeducation module-based community intervention address Internet addiction among school-going adolescents? Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 13(4), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_184_24 Stevens, M. W. R., King, D. L., Dorstyn, D., & Delfabbro,
  • P. H. (2021). Effectiveness of available treatments for gaming disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(6), 389–397.https://doi.org/10.1089/ cyber.2021.0067
  • Şalvarlı, Ş. İ., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). The association between internet gaming disorder and impulsivity: A systematic review of literature. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(1), 92–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00126-w
  • Tuncay, B., & Göger, B. (2022). Investigating the relationship between digital game addiction and sleep quality in adolescents. Turkish Journal of Sleep Medicine, 9(1), 79–84. https://doi. org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2021.52207
  • Vollmer, C., Randler, C., Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2014). Computer game addiction in adolescents and its relationship to chronotype and personality. SAGE Open, 4(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013518054
  • Winkler, A., Dörsing, B., Rief, W., Shen, Y., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2013). Treatment of internet addiction: A meta analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(2), 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.12.005
  • World Health Organization. (2018). International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th Revision). https://icd.who.int/ World Health Organization. (2019). International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th Revision). https://icd.who.int/
  • Yee, N. (2006). Motivations for play in online games. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(6), 772–775. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.772
  • Young, K. S. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: Treatment outcomes and implications. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(5), 671–679. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9971
  • Yuan, K., Qin, W., Wang, G., Zeng, F., Zhao, L., Yang, X., ... & Tian, J. (2011). Microstructure abnormalities in adolescents with internet addiction disorder. PLoS ONE, 6(6), e20708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020708
  • Zajac, K., Ginley, M. K., & Chang, R. (2023). Treatments of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the evidence. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 23(1), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2020.1671824
  • Zhang, X., et al. (2023). Effective interventions for gaming disorder: A systematic review of randomized control trials. Psychiatry Research, 315, 114675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114675

Computer and Gaming Addiction: Psychosocial Impacts and Intervention Methods

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 44 - 55, 31.12.2025

Servet Bayram

Abstract

Digital games have become one of the most popular entertainment tools of our age. However, when the limits of this entertainment are exceeded, serious addiction symptoms are observed in individuals, especially among young people, and many problems occur. These problems cause negative situations in the physiological, psychological and social structures of individuals. In this article, the phenomenon of digital game addiction is discussed within the framework of its definition, psychosocial effects, risk factors and intervention strategies. The study suggests a holistic approach to combat digital addiction for students studying in the Departments of Psychology and Psychological Counseling, and shows which methods can be used in addiction prevention and intervention.

Keywords

Addiction Computer Game Psychotherapy Methods

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517
  • Aziz, N., Nordin, M. J., Abdulkadir, S. J., & Salih, M. M. M. (2021). Digital addiction: Systematic review of computer game addiction impact on adolescent physical health. Electronics, 10(9), 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10090996
  • Bányai, F., Zsila, Á., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., ... & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0169839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169839
  • Carter, B., Rees, P., Hale, L., Bhattacharjee, D., & Paradkar, M. S. (2016). Association between portable screen-based media device access or use and sleep outcomes. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(12), 1202–1208. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2341
  • Dell’Osso, B., Hadley, S. J., Allen, A., Baker, B. R., Chaplin, W. F., & Hollander, E. (2008). Escitalopram in the treatment of impulsive-compulsive internet usage disorder: An open-label trial followed by a double-blind discontinuation phase. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(3), 452–456. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v69n0313
  • Ekinci, N. E., Yalçın, İ., Özer, Ö., & Kara, T. (2021). An investigation of the digital game addiction between high school students. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 8(3), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2021.8.3.0141
  • Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002
  • Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014). The benefits of playing video games. American Psychologist, 69(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034857
  • Han, D. H., Lee, Y. S., Na, C., Ahn, J. Y., Chung, U. S., Daniels, M. A., ... & Renshaw, P. F. (2010). The effect of methylphenidate on Internet video game play in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(6), 585–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.08.011
  • Kim, J., Lee, J., Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2022). Treatments of internet gaming disorder and comorbid mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 300, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.029
  • King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Wu, A. M. S., Doh, Y. Y., Kuss, D. J., Pallesen, S., ... & Sakuma, H. (2017). Treatment of internet gaming disorder: An international systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.002
  • Király, O., Nagygyörgy, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Problematic online gaming. In K. P. Rosenberg & L. C. Feder (Eds.), Behavioral addictions (pp. 61–97). Academic Press.
  • Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Instagram addiction and the Big Five of personality: The mediating role of self-liking. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.05
  • Ko, C. H., et al. (2009). The effect of family therapy on the changes in the severity of online game play and brain activity in adolescents with online game addiction. Psychiatry Research, 170(2-3), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.09.003
  • Kowert, R., & Quandt, T. (Eds.). (2016). The video game debate: Unravelling the physical, social, and psychological effects of digital games. Routledge.
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Internet addiction in adolescence: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987–1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.002
  • Lee, S. Y., Kim, J. W., & Lee, H. (2023). A systematic review of pharmacological treatments for internet gaming disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 122, 152376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152376 Lemmens, J.
  • S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathological gaming. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.015
  • Lo, H. S., et al. (2021). Family-based therapy for internet addiction among adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 298, 113819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113819
  • Mihara, S., & Higuchi, S. (2017). Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 71(7), 425–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12532 , Montag, C., & Reuter, M. (2017). Internet addiction: Neuroscientific approaches and therapeutical interventions. Springer.
  • Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 137–143.
  • Srinivasan, R., Kumar, P., & Sharma, S. (2024). Does psychoeducation module-based community intervention address Internet addiction among school-going adolescents? Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 13(4), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_184_24 Stevens, M. W. R., King, D. L., Dorstyn, D., & Delfabbro,
  • P. H. (2021). Effectiveness of available treatments for gaming disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(6), 389–397.https://doi.org/10.1089/ cyber.2021.0067
  • Şalvarlı, Ş. İ., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). The association between internet gaming disorder and impulsivity: A systematic review of literature. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(1), 92–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00126-w
  • Tuncay, B., & Göger, B. (2022). Investigating the relationship between digital game addiction and sleep quality in adolescents. Turkish Journal of Sleep Medicine, 9(1), 79–84. https://doi. org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2021.52207
  • Vollmer, C., Randler, C., Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2014). Computer game addiction in adolescents and its relationship to chronotype and personality. SAGE Open, 4(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013518054
  • Winkler, A., Dörsing, B., Rief, W., Shen, Y., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2013). Treatment of internet addiction: A meta analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(2), 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.12.005
  • World Health Organization. (2018). International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th Revision). https://icd.who.int/ World Health Organization. (2019). International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th Revision). https://icd.who.int/
  • Yee, N. (2006). Motivations for play in online games. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(6), 772–775. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.772
  • Young, K. S. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: Treatment outcomes and implications. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(5), 671–679. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9971
  • Yuan, K., Qin, W., Wang, G., Zeng, F., Zhao, L., Yang, X., ... & Tian, J. (2011). Microstructure abnormalities in adolescents with internet addiction disorder. PLoS ONE, 6(6), e20708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020708
  • Zajac, K., Ginley, M. K., & Chang, R. (2023). Treatments of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the evidence. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 23(1), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2020.1671824
  • Zhang, X., et al. (2023). Effective interventions for gaming disorder: A systematic review of randomized control trials. Psychiatry Research, 315, 114675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114675
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychological Counseling Education
Journal Section Review
Authors

Servet Bayram

Submission Date June 4, 2025
Acceptance Date August 5, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bayram, S. (2025). Bilgisayar ve Oyun Bağımlılığı: Psikososyal Etkiler ve Müdahale Yöntemleri. Türk Eğitim Değerlendirmeleri Dergisi, 6(1), 44-55.