DRYDEN, OR THE NAME WELL LOST IN HISTORY

Year 2011, Issue: 19, 65 - 104, 30.12.2015

Burç Dinçel

Abstract

In most cases the word history gives researchers a start and pause at once. Gives start because the immensity of history can take one by surprise, thereby swerving the researcher off the intended course of a project; gives pause because setting eyes on history from a standpoint that is more or less influenced by the critical thinking as well as the ever-changing perspectives of the present day carries the risk of divorcing the historical figures from their contexts. These two issues and decontextualising the historical subject/s in particular, can thus be taken as the main pitfalls of historical research. No matter how the researcher attempts at clinging to tackle the subject in question from a historical point of view, either in the introductory part or in the concluding section of the study, contemporary perspective inevitably comes into play. The point in undertaking a historical research, therefore, is to maintain a balance amid the modern day perspective and the historical perspective with the purpose of drawing parallels between past and present. And when that is fairly done, or even honestly sought to, these parallels are not without their interest or their use to the contemporary perspective.

Keywords

DRYDEN, NAME, WELL

DRYDEN YA DA TARİHTE YİTEN İSİM

Abstract

Antik dönemlerden beri entelektüellerin merakını celbeden bir olgu olan
çeviri eylemine dair yapılan tarihsel araştırmalar ayrı bir öneme haizdir.
Çünkü çeviri eyleminin tarihsel süreç içerisinde geçirdiği süreçleri izlemek,
bir bakıma, çağdaş çeviri anlayışını şekillendiren olguların da izini sürmek
anlamına gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yapılan bu tarihsel yolculuğu
salt çeviri odaklı düşünmek büyük oranda yanıltıcıdır. Zira tarih boyunca
çeviriyle gerek kuramsal gerekse uygulama alanında uğraşmış hemen
hemen her kişi, söz konusu edimle farklı bağlamlar dâhilinde uğraşmıştır.
Hâl böyle olmakla beraber, çeviri kuramlarının tarih yazımında bu durum
nedense ikinci plana itilmiştir. Gerçekten de, Çeviribilim’in tarih yazımında
önemli konumlara sahip tarihsel isimler, yalnızca çeviri hakkında yazdıklarıyla
anılmaktadır. Bu doğal bir sonuçtur. Bir bilim dalı—herhangi bir
bilim dalı—tarihi, kendi bakış açısından mercek altına alır ve yazar. Ancak
bundan daha fazlasını yapmak her zaman için mümkündür.
Bu makale, Çeviribilim ve çeviri kuramlarının tarih yazımındaki başat
isimlerden biri olan John Dryden üzerinedir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde,
çeviri kuramları külliyatında adı, “motamot”, “açımlama” ve “taklit”
kavramlarıyla birlikte anılan Dryden tarihselleştirilmiştir. Makalenin bu
kısmında, Çeviribilim alanında Dryden’ın bu üç seçenek arasında bir orta
yol olarak gördüğü açımlamayı tercih ettiğini belirterek sona eren tartışmaların
yüzeyselliği sorgulanmaktadır. Restorasyon Dönemi’nin önde gelen
oyun yazarlarından Dryden’ın, aynı zamanda çağının en önemli eleştirmenlerden
biri olduğu gerçeğinden yola çıkarak, yazarın orta yol arayışının
neşet ettiği tiyatro eserlerine, kuramsal yazılarına ve tragedya kavramıyla
hesaplaşmasına odaklanan makalenin bir sonraki bölümündeyse, Dryden’ın
Çeviribilim ve çeviri kuramlarının tarih yazımındaki yeri sorunsallaştırılmaktadır.
Çalışmanın son kısmındaysa Dryden’ın, William Shakespeare’in
Antonius ile Kleopatra’sı üzerinden kaleme aldığı Her şey Aşk İçin adlı
oyunu üzerinde durulmakta ve makalenin bu bölümüne kadar yürütülen
tarihsel tartışma ışığında, bahsi geçen eserin çağdaş çeviri kuramlarındaki
yansımaları araştırılmaktadır

Keywords

tarih, tarih yazımı, tiyatro tarihi, çeviri tarihi, Dryden

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