Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

FEAR: ITS LANGUAGE, CONCEPTUALIZATION, CULTURAL ASPECT

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 769 - 798, 15.06.2017

Abstract

In order to understand which thinking and comprehension forms exist under linguistic expression that express emotions, it is necessary to reach conceptual structures that give birth to them. Because; the source of linguistic metaphor is the codes of the minds and those are the structures which arise in thought before existing in the language. But even if first process takes place in the mind, it is still shadows of them in the language that lead us these codes. In this regard, if linguistic data that coherent with each other not random but consistent and supportive is noticed, these code shows themselves. As an example of this, it is going to deal with the subject in terms of fear; while inspecting metaphorical and metonymic nature of this concept in Turkish, the answers of “How do we fear, how do we think about fear, how do we express it, how reflects culture-specific sides of this emotion, will be also questioned. 

References

  • AKSAN, M. (2006a). Metaphors of Anger: An Outline of a Cultural Model. Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 3: 1, 31-67.
  • AKSAN, M. (2006b). The Container Metaphor In Turkish Expressions of Anger. Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 3: 2, 103-124.
  • APRESJAN, V. (1997). Emotion Metaphors and Cross-Linguistic Conceptualization of Emotion. Cuadernos de Filología Inglesa, 6/2, 179-195.
  • BARCELONA, A. (1986). On the Concept of Depression in American English: A Cognitive Approach. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 12, 7-33.
  • BERENDT, Erich A.; Keiko TANITA (2011). The ‘Heart’ of Things: A Conceptual Metaphoric Analysis of Heart and Related Body Part in Thai, Japanese and English. Intercultural Communication Studies, XX: 1, 65-78.
  • ESENOVA, O. (2011). Metaphorical Conceptualisation of Anger, Fear and Sadness in English. Doctoral Dissertation, Budapest: Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar.
  • GOLEMAN, D. (1996). Duygusal Zekâ. Neden EԚ, IԚ’dan Daha Önemlidir? (çev. Banu Seçkin Yüksel). İstanbul: Varlık Yay.
  • GOOSSENS, L. (2002). Metaphtonymy: The Interaction of Metaphor and Metonymy in Expressions for Linguistic Action. Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 349-378.
  • KÖVECSES, Z. (1990). Emotion Concepts. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • KÖVECSES, Z. (2000). Metaphor and Emotion. Language, Culture and Body in Human Feeling. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • LAKOFF, G. (1987). Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • LAKOFF, G. and KÖVECSES, Z. (1987). “The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English”. Cultural Models in Language and Thought. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • LAKOFF, G. and MARK, J. (1980). Metaphors. We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • LEWIS, M.; HAVILAND-JONES, J. M. and FELDMAN BARRETT, L. (2008). Handbook of Emotions, New York-London: The Guilford Press.
  • MAALEJ, Z. (2007). The Embodiment of Fear Expressions in Tunisian Arabic. Theoretical and Practical Implications. Applied Cultural Linguistics (Edited by Farzad Sharifian and Gary B. Palmer), Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 87-104.
  • MASHAK, S. P.; PAZHAKH, A. and HAYATİ, A. (2012). A Comparative Study on Basic Emotion Conceptual Metaphors in English and Persian Literary Texts. International Education Studies, Vol 5, No 1, 200-207.
  • MATSUKI, K. (1995). Metaphors of Anger in Japanese. Language and Cognitive Construal of the World, Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 137-151.
  • PANTHER, K. U. and RADDEN, G. (ed.) (1999). Metonymy in Language and Thought, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • SİRVYDĖ, R. (2006). Facing Fear: A Corpus-based Approach to Fear Metaphors in English and Lithuanian. Žmogus ir žodis [Man and the Word], 3, 81-88.
  • STEFANOWITSCH, A. (2006). Words and Their Metaphors: A Corpus-based Approach. Corpus-based Approaches to Metaphor And Metonymy, Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 63-105.
  • WILLIAMS, L. E. and BARGH, J. A. (2008). Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth. Science, 322, 606-607.
  • YU, Ning (1995). Metaphorical Expression of Anger and Hapiness in English and Chinese. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity. 10 (2), 59-92.

KORKU: DİLİ, KAVRAMLAŞMASI, KÜLTÜREL BOYUTU

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 769 - 798, 15.06.2017

Abstract

Duyguları
ifade eden dil verilerinin altında hangi düşünme ve algılama biçimlerinin
bulunduğunu anlamak için onları doğuran kavramsal yapılara ulaşmak gerekir.
Çünkü dil verilerinin kaynağı, zihindeki kodlardır ve bunlar dilde var olmadan
önce düşüncede ortaya çıkan yapılardır. Ancak birinci süreç zihinde gerçekleşse
de bizi bu kodlara ulaştıran, onların dildeki gölgeleridir. Bu bakımdan
birbiriyle rastgele değil, tutarlı ve destekleyici bir bağlantı içinde olan dil
verileri fark edildiği takdirde bu kodlar da kendini göstermiş olacaktır. Bunun
bir örneği olarak burada konuya korku açısından bakılacak; bu duygunun
Türkçedeki metaforik ve metonimik doğası incelenirken Nasıl korkuyoruz, korku hakkında nasıl düşünüyor, onu nasıl dile
getiriyoruz, bu duygunun kültüre özgü yanları dile nasıl yansıyor?
sorularına
da yanıt aranacaktır. 

References

  • AKSAN, M. (2006a). Metaphors of Anger: An Outline of a Cultural Model. Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 3: 1, 31-67.
  • AKSAN, M. (2006b). The Container Metaphor In Turkish Expressions of Anger. Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 3: 2, 103-124.
  • APRESJAN, V. (1997). Emotion Metaphors and Cross-Linguistic Conceptualization of Emotion. Cuadernos de Filología Inglesa, 6/2, 179-195.
  • BARCELONA, A. (1986). On the Concept of Depression in American English: A Cognitive Approach. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 12, 7-33.
  • BERENDT, Erich A.; Keiko TANITA (2011). The ‘Heart’ of Things: A Conceptual Metaphoric Analysis of Heart and Related Body Part in Thai, Japanese and English. Intercultural Communication Studies, XX: 1, 65-78.
  • ESENOVA, O. (2011). Metaphorical Conceptualisation of Anger, Fear and Sadness in English. Doctoral Dissertation, Budapest: Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar.
  • GOLEMAN, D. (1996). Duygusal Zekâ. Neden EԚ, IԚ’dan Daha Önemlidir? (çev. Banu Seçkin Yüksel). İstanbul: Varlık Yay.
  • GOOSSENS, L. (2002). Metaphtonymy: The Interaction of Metaphor and Metonymy in Expressions for Linguistic Action. Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 349-378.
  • KÖVECSES, Z. (1990). Emotion Concepts. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • KÖVECSES, Z. (2000). Metaphor and Emotion. Language, Culture and Body in Human Feeling. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • LAKOFF, G. (1987). Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • LAKOFF, G. and KÖVECSES, Z. (1987). “The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English”. Cultural Models in Language and Thought. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • LAKOFF, G. and MARK, J. (1980). Metaphors. We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • LEWIS, M.; HAVILAND-JONES, J. M. and FELDMAN BARRETT, L. (2008). Handbook of Emotions, New York-London: The Guilford Press.
  • MAALEJ, Z. (2007). The Embodiment of Fear Expressions in Tunisian Arabic. Theoretical and Practical Implications. Applied Cultural Linguistics (Edited by Farzad Sharifian and Gary B. Palmer), Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 87-104.
  • MASHAK, S. P.; PAZHAKH, A. and HAYATİ, A. (2012). A Comparative Study on Basic Emotion Conceptual Metaphors in English and Persian Literary Texts. International Education Studies, Vol 5, No 1, 200-207.
  • MATSUKI, K. (1995). Metaphors of Anger in Japanese. Language and Cognitive Construal of the World, Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 137-151.
  • PANTHER, K. U. and RADDEN, G. (ed.) (1999). Metonymy in Language and Thought, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • SİRVYDĖ, R. (2006). Facing Fear: A Corpus-based Approach to Fear Metaphors in English and Lithuanian. Žmogus ir žodis [Man and the Word], 3, 81-88.
  • STEFANOWITSCH, A. (2006). Words and Their Metaphors: A Corpus-based Approach. Corpus-based Approaches to Metaphor And Metonymy, Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 63-105.
  • WILLIAMS, L. E. and BARGH, J. A. (2008). Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth. Science, 322, 606-607.
  • YU, Ning (1995). Metaphorical Expression of Anger and Hapiness in English and Chinese. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity. 10 (2), 59-92.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aslıhan Dinçer

Publication Date June 15, 2017
Submission Date July 10, 2017
Acceptance Date July 10, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dinçer, A. (2017). KORKU: DİLİ, KAVRAMLAŞMASI, KÜLTÜREL BOYUTU. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim (TEKE) Dergisi, 6(2), 769-798.

27712  27714 27715