PAMUKLU KUMAŞLARIN BOYAMA VE GÜÇ TUTUŞURLUK BİTİM İŞLEMLERİNİN SOL-JEL YÖNTEMİ İLE TEK ADIMDA UYGULANMASI

Year 2024, , 155 - 167, 30.09.2024

Evren Sergin , Aysun Akşit

https://doi.org/10.7216/teksmuh.1490957

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, pamuklu kumaşların boyama ve güç tutuşurluk bitim işlemlerinin tek adımda uygulanması üzerine araştırma yapılmıştır. Pamuklu kumaşların reaktif boyarmaddelerle boyanmasında yüksek miktarlarda tuz kullanılmasının atık su yükünü arttırması yanında çoklu ard yıkamaların yapılmasıyla fazla miktarda su kullanımı da söz konusudur. Konvansiyonel güç tutuşurluk bitim işleminde halojen içeren kimyasal maddeler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tuz ve halojen içeren kimyasal madde kullanmadan boyama ve güç tutuşurluk bitim işlemleri sol-jel yöntemiyle tek adımda uygulanmıştır. Bu tür işlemlerde boyama düzgünsüzlüğü en büyük dezavantajdır. Bu sorun bu çalışmada kullanılan kumaşın katyonizasyon işlemiyle modifikasyonu sayesinde çözülmüş ve homojen bir boyama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kumaşın katyonizasyon işlemi için poli(dimetilamin-ko-epiklorohidrin) içeren ticari bir ürün tercih edilirken sol-jel yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen boyama ve güç tutuşurluk işleminde reaktif boyarmadde, azot-fosfor içeren kimyasal madde, tetraetoksisilan ve (3-glisidiloksipropil) trimetoksisilan kullanılmıştır. Kumaşların beyazlık, sarılık, K/S, haslık, alev yayılma, limit oksijen indeksi (LOI), eğilme uzunluğu ve eğilme direnci değerleri ölçülmüş, FTIR-ATR ve XPS analizleri yapılmış ve güç tutuşurluk özelliğinin kuru temizleme dayanımı incelenmiştir. Kumaşların yıkama sonrası atıksuları UV-Vis analiziyle değerlendirilmiştir. Katyonize pamuklu kumaşların hem boyama (K/S, haslık) ve güç tutuşurluk (alev yayılma, LOI) özelliklerinin birbirini olumsuz yönde etkilemeden tek bir adımda boyanması ve güç tutuşur özellik kazanması, hem de güç tutuşurluk özelliğinin kuru temizleme dayanımına sahip olması sağlanmıştır. K/S değeri 4, LOI değeri %32 ve kuru temizleme sonrası %31 olarak elde edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında kimyasal ve su tüketimi, atıksu yükü, işlem süresi ve enerji tüketimi azaltılmıştır.

Keywords

Pamuklu kumaş, sol-jel yöntemi, katyonizasyon, boyama, güç tutuşurluk

APPLICATION OF DYEING AND FLAME RETARDANT FINISHING OF COTTON FABRICS IN ONE-STEP BY USING THE SOL-GEL METHOD

Abstract

In this study, research has been carried out on the application of dyeing and flame-retardant finishing of cotton fabrics in one step. In the dyeing of cotton fabrics with reactive dyestuffs, the use of high amounts of salt increases the wastewater load, as well as the use of large amounts of water due to multiple post-washes. Conventional flame-retardant finishing uses halogen-containing chemicals. In this study, dyeing and flame-retardant finishing processes were applied in one step by sol-gel method without using salt and halogen-containing chemicals. Dyeing unevenness is the biggest disadvantage in such processes. This problem was solved by modifying the fabric used in this study with a cationization process, and homogeneous dyeing was achieved. While a commercial product containing poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin) was preferred for the cationization process of the fabric, reactive dyestuff, nitrogen-phosphorus-containing chemical, tetraethoxysilane, and (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane were used in the dyeing and flame retardancy processes carried out by the sol-gel method. Whiteness, yellowness, K/S, fastness, flame spread, limit oxygen index (LOI), bending length and flexural rigidity values of the fabrics were measured, FTIR-ATR and XPS analyses were performed, and the dry cleaning resistance of the flame retardancy property was investigated. The post-washing wastewater of the fabrics was evaluated by UV-Vis analysis. Both dyeing (K/S, fastness) and flame retardancy (flame spread, LOI) properties of the cationized cotton fabrics were dyed and flame retardant in a single step without adversely affecting each other, and the flame retardancy property was provided to have dry cleaning resistance. The K/S value was 4, the LOI value was 32% and 31% after dry cleaning. Within the scope of the study, chemical and water consumption, wastewater load, process time, and energy consumption were reduced.

Keywords

Cotton fabric, sol-gel method, cationization, dyeing, flame retardancy

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