Kompozit Üretiminde Takviye Malzemesi Olarak Kullanılabilecek Çeşitli Hayvansal Liflere Uygulanan Yüzey Modifikasyonlarının Lif Özelliklerine Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 25 Issue: 112, 292 - 302, 31.12.2018

Figen Selli Yasemin Seki Ümit Halis Erdoğan

Abstract

 Günümüzde doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen
liflerin kompozitlerde takviye malzemesi olarak kullanıldığı çalışmalar çeşitlenerek
artış göstermektedir. Bu amaçla yaygın olarak kullanılan selülozik liflerin
yanı sıra hafifliği, yüksek esneme ve izolasyon kabiliyetleri ve sürdürülebilir
olması gibi özellikleri nedeni ile protein esaslı lifler de alternatif takviye
malzemesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kompozit üretiminde matris-takviye malzemesi
uyumluluğunu artırabilmek için bileşenlere genellikle yüzey modifikasyon
işlemleri yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kompozit malzemelerde takviye malzemesi
olarak kullanılabilecek yün, tiftik, kaşmir ve deve liflerinin alkali ve
hidrojen peroksit ile modifikasyonu yapılmış ve bu modifikasyon işlemlerinin
liflere olan etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Yüzey işlemi görmemiş ve modifiye edilmiş
liflerin kimyasal yapıları Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR),
içyapıları X-Işını Difraktometresi (XRD) ve morfolojik özellikleri ise Taramalı
Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca liflerin nem alımındaki
değişim de belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, modifikasyon
işlemlerinin liflerin fonksiyonel gruplarında özellikle amid ve sülfür içeren
grupları gösteren absorpsiyon piklerinin şiddetlerinde değişim meydana getirdiği
tespit edilmiştir. Hidrojen peroksit muamelesi sonrası disülfür bağlarının
okside olduğunu gösteren yeni pikler meydana gelmiştir. Modifikasyon işlemleri
sonrası lifler benzer difraksiyon eğrileri vermesine rağmen, kristal
yüzeylerini gösteren piklerin şiddetleri değişmiştir. Alkali ve hidrojen
peroksit işlemleri sonrası lif yüzeyinden safsızlıkların kısmen uzaklaştığı,
pulcuk tabakasının da modifikasyondan etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Modifikasyon
işlemleri sonrası lifin kütikül tabakasında meydana gelen değişim ile birlikte
liflerin hidrofilliği artış göstermiştir.

Keywords

Hayvansal lif, modifikasyon, yün, kompozit, tiftik, kaşmir, deve lifleri

The Effect of Surface Treatments on Properties of Various Animal Fibers as Reinforcement Material in Composites

Abstract

 Recently, there has been a rapid growth in research on natural fibers as reinforcement materials in composites. Besides the commonly used cellulosic fibers, protein-based fibers known with their
lightness, high elasticity, isolation capability and sustainability, can also
be used as an alternative reinforcement material. In composite production,
surface modifications are generally implemented in order to increase the
compatibility of matrix-filler. In this study, wool, mohair, cashmere and camel
fibers were modified with alkali and hydrogen peroxide and the effect of the
modifications on fiber was analyzed. The chemical structure of modified and
unmodified fibers was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR),
fine structure by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and morphological properties by Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the moisture content of the fibers was determined.
According to obtained results, it is determined that the modification processes
changed the intensities of the peaks which are attributed to the functional
groups especially for the groups amide and sulphur. After the modification with
hydrogen peroxide, new groups were introduced which indicates the oxidation of
the disulphide bonds. The intensities of the peaks which are attributed to the
crystalline surfaces changed although fibers gave the typical diffraction
curves. However, tensile properties of the fibers remained similar to each
other. The surface impurities were partially removed and also the scales on the
fiber surface were affected with the modifications. After the modifications,
the hydrophilicity of the fibers increased with the changes in the cuticle
layer. 

Keywords

Animal fibers, modification, wool, composite, mohair, cashmere, camel fibers

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