Comparison of Effects of Several Oxygen Containing Low Frequency Plasmas on the Removal of Silk Sericin Layer of Raw Silk Fabrics

Year 2020, Volume: 27 Issue: 117, 41 - 47, 30.03.2020

Bengi Kutlu

Abstract

This study focuses on changing the surface properties of raw silk fibers to simplify the degumming process. Because the conventional degumming processes may be harmful for fibers, they must be applied moderately. Utilizing the novel techniques and technologies, researchers are trying to find alternative ways in order to achieve effective sericin removal without damaging the fibroin part of the silk. In this study, one of the novel technologies, low-pressure plasma technology was used to remove sericin layer by etching. Air, oxygen and water vapor plasmas were applied to raw silk fabrics under different time and power conditions. Weight loss, breaking strength, scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance were used to characterize the effects of plasma treatments.

Keywords

Plasma etching, silk, degumming, FTIR-ATR

Oksijen İçeren Farklı Düşük Frekans Plazmalarının Ham İpek Liflerinden Serisin Giderilmesine Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, ipek liflerinden serisin gidermenin kolaylaştırılması üzerine odaklanmıştır. Konvansiyonel serisin giderme işlemleri lifler için zarar vericidir, bu nedenle ılıman bir şekilde uygulanmaları gerekmektedir. Araştırmacılar, yeni teknik ve teknolojiler kullanarak ipek fibroinine zarar vermeden serisin uzaklaştırmak için alternatif yollar aramaktadır. Bu çalışmada düşük basınç plazma teknolojisi, aşındırma ile serisin giderme amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Hava, oksijen ve su buharı plazmaları farklı süre ve güç koşullarında uygulanmıştır. Plazma işlemlerinin etkisi ağırlık kaybı, kopma mukavemeti, SEM ve FTIR-ATR analizleri ile karakterize edilmiştir.

Keywords

Plazma ile aşındırma, ipek, serisin giderme, FTIR-ATR

References

• Frank, R.R. (Ed.). 2001. Silk, Mohair and Other Luxury Fibers, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, Ltd.
• Gu, J., Yang, X. and H. Zhu. 2002. Surface sulfonation of silk fibroin film by plasma treatment and in vitro antithrombogenicity study, Materials Science and Engineering C, 20, 199-202. doi: 10.1016/S0928-4931(02)00033-4.
• Long, J.J., Wang, H.W., Lu, T.Q., Tang, R.C. and Y.W. Zhu. 2008. Application of low-pressure plasma pretreatment in silk fabric degumming process, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 28, 701-713. doi: 10.1007/s11090-008-9153-z
• Wang, X., Y. Qiu, A.J. Carr, J.T. Triffitt, A. Sabokbar, and Z. Xia. 2011. Improved human tenocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro by optimized silk degumming, Biomedical Materials, 6(3): 1-12, doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/3/035010.
• Zheng, C., G. Chen, and Z. Qi. 2012. Compound Finishing of Bombyx mori Silk: A Study of Cold Oxygen Plasma/Titania SolsTreatments and Their Influences on Fiber Structure and Performance, Plasma Chemisty and Plasma Processing, 32: 629-642. doi: 10.1007/s11090-012-9350-7.
• Lewin, M. (Ed.), 2007. Handbook of Fiber Chemistry, Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
• Li, G., Liu, H., Li, T.D. and J. Wang, 2012. Surface Modification and Functionalization of Silk Fibroin Fibers/Fabric Toward High Performance Applications, Materials Science and Engineering C, 32, 627-636. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2011.12.013.
• Mondal, M., Trivedy, K. and S. Nirmal Kumar. 2007. The silk proteins, sericin and fibroin in silkworm, Bombyx mori Linn., - a review, Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5 (2), 63-76.
• Morton W.E. and J.W.S. Hearle. 1986. Physical Properties of Textile Fibers (student edition), London: The Textile Institute.
• Padamwar, M.N. and A.P. Pawar. 2004. Silk sericin and its applications: A review, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 63, 323-329.
• Teh, T.K.H., Toh, S.L. and J.C.H. Goh. 2010. Optimization of the silk scaffold sericin removal process for retention of silk fibroin protein structure and mechanical properties, Biomedical Materials, 5, 1-12. doi:10.1088/1748-6041/5/3/035008.
• Arami, M., Rahimi, S., Mivehie, L., Mazaheri, F. and N.M. Mahmoodi. 2007. Degumming of Persian silk with mixed proteolytic enzymes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 106, 267-275. doi: 10.1002/app.26492.
• Freddi, G., Mossotti, R. and R. Innocenti. 2003. Degumming of silk fabric with several proteases, Journal of Biotechnology, 106, 101-112. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.09.006.
• Canal, C., Erra, P., Molina, R. and E., Bertran. 2007. Regulation of Surface Hydrophilicity of Plasma Treated Wool Fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 77, 559-564. doi: 10.1177/0040517507078062.
• Guo, F, Zhang, Z.Z., Liu, W.M., Su, F.H. and J. Zhang. 2009. Effect of plasma treatment of Kevlar fabric on the tribological behavior of Kevlar fabric/phenolic composites, Tribology International, 42, 243-249. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2008.06.004.
• Leruox, F., Campagne, C., Perwuelz, A. and L.Gengembre. 2008. Fluorocarbon nano-coating of polyester fabrics by atmospheric air plasma with aerosol, Applied Surface Science, 254, 3902-3908. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.12.037.
• Occhiello, E., 1994. Deposition of hydrophobic layers onto acrylic fibers by plasma polymerization, Macromoleculer Materials and Engineering, 222 (1), 189-200. doi: 10.1002/apmc.1994.052220114.
• Virk, R.K., G.N. Ramaswamy, M. Bourham, and B.L. Bures. 2004. Plasma and Antimicrobial Treatment of Nonwoven Fabrics for Surgical Gowns, Textile Research Journal, 74: 1073-1079. doi: 10.1177/004051750407401208.
• Radu, C., Kiekens, P. and J. Verschuren. 2001. Surface modification of textiles by plasma treatments. In Surface characteristics of fibers and textiles, ed. C.M. Pastore and P. Kiekens, 203–218. Newyork: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
• Chen, Y.Y., Lin, H., Ren, Y., Wang, H.W. and L.J. Zhu. 2004. Study on Bombyx Mori silk treated by oxygen plasma, Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 5(8), 918-922.
• Fang, K., Wang, S., Wang, C. and A. Tian. 2008. Inkjet printing effetcs of pigment inks on silk fabrics surface-modified with O2 plasma, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 107, 2949-2955. doi: 10.1002/app.27498
• Riccardi, C., R. Barni, and P. Esena, 2005. Plasma Treatment of Silk, Solid State Phenomena, 107: 125-128. doi:10.4028/www. scientific.net/SSP.107.125.
• Kutlu, B. 2012. Plasma Surface Modification of Raw Silk Fibers For Degumming, 12th World Textile Conference Proceedings, AUTEX2012, 125-127.
• La Porte, R. 1997. Hydrophilic polymer coatings for medical devices-Structure/properties, development, manufacture and applications, Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC.
• Onar, N. and M. Sariisik. 2004. Effects of Proteolytic Degumming on Silk Dyeing, Paper presented at the 3rd Indo-Czech Textile Research Conference, Liberec, Czech Republic, June 14-16.
• Gupta, D., Wang, L., Hanssen, L.M., Hsia, J.J., Datla, R.U. 1995. Standard Reference Materials: Polystyrene Films for Calibrating the Wavelength Scale of Infrared Spectrophotometers — SRM 1921, NIST Special Publication 260-122, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
• Nimmanpipug, P., Lee, V.S., Janhom, S., Suanput, P., Boonyawan, D. and K. Tashiro. 2008. Molecular Functionalization of Cold- Plasma-Treated Bombyx mori Silk, Macromolecular Symposia, 264, 107-112. doi: 10.1002/masy.200850417.
• Rani,K.V, Chandwani, N., Kikani, P., Nema, S.K., Sarma, K.A., Sarma, B. 2018. Optimization and surface modification of silk fabric using DBD air plasma for improving wicking properties, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 109:3, 368-375, DOI:10.1080/ 00405000.2017.1347230
• Friedrich, J., Unger, W., Lippitz, A., Koprinarov, I., Ghode, A., Geng, S.H. and G. Kühn. 2003. Plasma-based introduction of monosort functional groups of different type and density onto polymer surfaces. Part 1: Behaviour of polymers exposed to oxygen plasma, Composite Interfaces, 10 (2-3) 139-171. doi: 10.1163/ 156855403765826865. Jörg, F. 2012. Plasma Chemistry of Polymer Surfaces: Advanced Techniques for Surface Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken-NJ: USA:Wiley.
• Ting, Y.K., Liu, C.C., Park, S.M., Jiang, H., Nealey, P.F. and A.E. Wendt. 2010. Surface Roughening of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) in Ar/O2 Plasma etching, Polymers, 2, 649-663. doi:10.3390/polym2040649.