İSTİLACI TÜR SU SÜMBÜLÜ (EİCHHORNİA CRASSİPES (MART.) SOLMS)’NÜN TEKSTİL SEKTÖRÜ VE KULLANIM ALANLARI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2024, Volume: 31 Issue: 135, 182 - 199, 30.09.2024

Başak Bilgili Kalyoncu , Hasan Kalyoncu , Alperen Ertaş

https://doi.org/10.7216/teksmuh.1493025

Abstract

Su Sümbülü (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) bitkisi, Güney Amerika kökenli olup diğer coğrafyalarda istilacı olarak değerlendirilen bir bitki türüdür. Türkiye’de Asi Nehri’nde yayılış gösteren bu tür, özellikle Asi Nehri’nde sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Su Sümbülü atık suların temizlenmesinde ve süs bitkisi olarak kullanılırken, özellikle Tayland ve Endonezya gibi Asya ülkelerinde, hayvan yemi ve insanlar için besin kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bunun yanında yine Güney Doğu Asya ülkelerinde doğal lif kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu ülkelerde, lif elde edilmesi ve tekstil sektöründe kullanımı açısından birçok çalışma mevcut olup, hasadından lif eldesine ve kullanım alanlarına kadar birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Güneydoğu Asya ülkelerinde Su Sümbülü bitkisi, fiber levha, iplik, ip, halat, sepet imalatı, su arıtımı, paspas, vazo, şapka, mobilya, kağıt, karton, ev tekstili ve ayakkabı tabanı gibi birçok farklı eşyanın yapımında veya döşeme dolgusu olarak kullanılmaktadır. Su Sümbülü sapları, alternatif tekstil malzemesi olarak geçerli bir doğal kaynaktır. Son yapılan çalışmalarda, giyim ve ev tekstili kumaşlarının üretiminde hammadde olarak Su Sümbülü lifleri kullanımı ele alınmaktadır. Türkiye’de, Su Sümbülünden lif üretimine yönelik herhangi bir çalışma söz konusu olmayıp, bu bitki ile mücadele açısından yöntemler aranmaktadır. Bu bitkiden lif üretimi yapıldığı takdirde, ülkemiz açısından yeni bir doğal ve biyobozunur lif kaynağı elde edilmesi durumu oluşacaktır. Bu çalışmada, Su Sümbülü ile mücadeleden ziyade, ekonomiye kazandırılması konusunda yapılacak çalışmalara öncü olabilecek bir yol üretme amacı ortaya konulmuştur. Aynı zamanda doğal bir lif kaynağı olarak Su Sümbülünün, tekstil ve moda sektörüne kazandırılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Su sümbülü, doğal lif, tekstil, biyobozunur lif

EVALUATION OF INVASIVE SPECIES WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS) IN TERMS OF TEXTILE SECTOR AND USAGE AREAS

Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a plant species that originates from South America and is considered invasive in other geographies. This species, which is distributed in the Asi River in Turkey, causes problems especially in the Asi River. While water hyacinth is used to clean wastewater and as an ornamental plant, it is also used as animal feed and a food source for humans, especially in Asian countries such as Thailand and Indonesia. In addition, it is used as a natural fiber source in South East Asian countries. In these countries, there are many studies on obtaining fiber and its use in the textile industry, and many studies have been carried out from harvesting to obtaining fiber and its usage areas. In Southeast Asian countries, the water hyacinth plant is used in the manufacture of fibreboard, thread, rope, basket manufacturing, water purification, vases, hats, furniture, paper, cardboard, home textiles and shoe soles, as well as in the production of many different items or floor filling. Water hyacinth stems are a valid natural resource as an alternative textile material. Recent studies focus on the use of water hyacinth fibers as raw materials in the production of clothing and home textile fabrics. In Turkey, there are no studies on fiber production from water hyacinth, and methods are being sought to combat this plant. If fiber is produced from this plant, a new natural and biodegradable fiber source will be obtained for our country. In this study, the aim is to produce a way that can lead to studies on bringing water hyacinth into the economy rather than combating it. At the same time, water hyacinth, as a natural fiber source, needs to be introduced to the textile and fashion industry.

Keywords

Water hyacinth, natural fiber, textile, biodegradable fiber

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