ELECTROSPUN SILK FIBROIN/GRAPHENE NANOFIBERS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH PHOTOSENSITIVE PORPHYRINS: AN ADVANCED BACTERICIDAL PLATFORM FOR TISSUE REGENERATION

Year 2025, Volume: 32 Issue: 139, 221 - 236, 30.09.2025

Elçin Tören , Sevda Altaş

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO)functionalised with meso-tetrakis(N-methyl pyridinium-four-yl) porphyrin (TMP) electrospun nanofibers silk fibroin (SF) resulted in a wound recovery and tissue regeneration dual functional platform. The combination of TMP into SF/GOmatrix improves mechanical properties and possesses antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. As revealed through mechanical testing, as TMP concentration was increased, the Young's Modulus improved, as exhibited by SF/GO/TMP fibres with a peak stiffness of 38 MPa at 1.00 mg/mL TMP and elongation decreased in agreement, demonstrating the potential for an inverse relationship between tension and flexibility. SEM and fibre diameter analyses demonstrated that GO increased the fibre thickness and structural uniformity up to and including an optimal concentration of 200 μg/ml. Antibacterials have demonstrated an inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus (21.4 mm) and Escherichia coli (15.8 mm) by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of light. MTT assays confirmed the cytocompatibility of nanofibers supporting fibroblast proliferation for 72 h, and haemolysis tests showed a negligible haemolytic potential (0.7%). These results highlight the continued potential of SF/GO/TMP composites as functional wound dressings and scaffolds with improved mechanical stability, antibacterial safety, and biocompatibility, which are required for more advanced biomedical fields.

Keywords

Silk Fibroin , Graphene Oxide , Porphyrin , Wound Healing , Bactericidal Platform , Photosensitive Porphyrins

IŞIĞA DUYARLI PORFİRİNLERLE İŞLEVSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ ELEKTROEĞİRME İPEK FİBROİN/GRAFEN NANOLİFLER: DOKU REJENERASYONU İÇİN GELİŞMİŞ BİR BAKTERİSİDAL PLATFORM

Abstract

Meso-tetrakis(N-metil piridinyum-dörtil) porfirin (TMP) ile işsevleştirilmişgrafen oksit (GO) – elektro eğirme nanolif ipek fibroin (SF), yara iyileşmesi ve doku rejenerasyonu için çift fonksiyonlu bir platform oluşturmuştur. SF/GO matrisine TMP’nin dahil edilmesi, mekanik özellikleri iyileştirmiş, antibakteriyel aktivite ve biyouyumluluk kazandırmıştır. Mekanik testlerle ortaya konulduğu üzere, TMP konsantrasyonu arttıkça Young Modülü iyileşmiş, 1,00 mg/mL TMP’de SF/GO/TMP lifleri 38 MPa’lık maksimum sertlik göstermiş ve buna karşılık uzama azalmıştır; bu durum gerilme ve esneklik arasında ters bir ilişkinin potansiyelini ortaya koymuştur. SEM ve lif çapı analizleri, GO’nun lif kalınlığını ve yapısal homojenliği 200 μg/mL’lik optimum konsantrasyona kadar artırdığını göstermiştir. Antibakteriyel testler, ışık varlığında reaktif oksijen türleri (ROS) üretimini indükleyerek Staphylococcus aureus’a (21,4 mm) ve Escherichia coli’ye (15,8 mm) karşı inhibe edici etki göstermiştir. MTT testleri, nanoliflerin fibroblast proliferasyonunu 72 saat boyunca desteklediğini ve sitouyumluluğunu doğrulamış, hemoliz testleri ise ihmal edilebilir düzeyde hemolitik potansiyel (0,7%) göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, gelişmiş biyomedikal alanlar için gerekli olan artırılmış mekanik stabilite, antibakteriyel güvenlik ve biyouyumluluk özelliklerine sahip fonksiyonel yara örtüleri ve dokular olarak SF/GO/TMP kompozitlerinin devam eden potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

İpek Fibroin , Grafen Oksit , Porfirin , Yara İyileştirme , Bakterisidal Platform , Işığa Duyarlı Porfirinler

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