Aykut, C. (2013). Self-monitoring: 10 steps to implementation. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 14(2), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1501/0000000184
Case, L. P., Harris, K. R. & Graham, S. (1992). Improving the mathematical problem-solving skills of students with learning disabilities: self-regulated strategy development. The Journal of Special Education, 20(1),1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699202600101
Cassel, J. & Reid, R. (1996). Use of a self-regulated strategy intervention to improve word problem solving skills of students with mild disabilities. Journal of Behavioral Education, 6, 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02110230
Chung, K. & Tam, Y. (2005). Effects of cognitive-based instruction on mathematical problem solving by learners with mild intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 30(4), 207-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250500349409
Daniel, G. E. (2003). Effects of cognitive strategy instruction on the mathematical problem solving of middle school students with learning disabilities. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.
Erbas, D. (2018). Reliabilty. In E. Tekin-İftar, Single case research in education and behavioral sciences. (109-128). Anı Publishing.
Freeman-Green, S., Brien, C., Wood, C., & Hitt, S. (2015). Effects of the SOLVE strategy on the mathematical problem-solving skills of secondary students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 30(2), 76–90. http://doi.org/10.1111/ldrp.12054
Guzel-Ozmen, R. (2006). The effect of the modified mathematical strategy teaching on student with mental retardation’ acquisition of metacognitive strategy knowledge used in the written expression process. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 7(2); 49-66.
Guzel-Ozmen, R. (2011). Evaluating the effectiveness of combined reading interventions on improving oral reading fluency of students with reading difficulties. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 9(3), 1063-1086.
Jitendra, A. (2002). Teaching students math problem-solving through graphic representations. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34 (4), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F004005990203400405
Joyner, J., & Reys, B. (2000). Principles and Standards for School Mathematics: What's in It for You?, Teaching
Children Mathematics, 7(1), 26-29.
Karabulut, A. (2015). Effect of ‘Understand and Solve’ strategy instruction on mathematical problem solving of
students with mild intellectual disabilities. [Doctoral dissertation, Gazi University].Gazi University Campus
Repository. https://avesis.gazi.edu.tr/yonetilen-tez/acacfab1-8f26-45d9-986b-7629981db8c0/anla-ve-coz-
stratejisinin-hafif-duzeyde-zihinsel-yetersizligi-olan-ogrencilerin-matematik-problemi-cozme-becerisindeki-
etkisinin-belirlenmesi
Karabulut, A. & Ozmen, E. R. (2018). Effect of ‘Understand and Solve!’ strategy instruction on mathematical
problem solving of students with mild intellectual disabilities. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 11(2), 77-90.
Karabulut A. & Ozkubat U. (2021). Problem solving for students with special needs: assessment and intervention.
Ankara: Vize Academy.
Krawec, J. (2014). Problem representation and mathematical problem solving of students of varying math
ability. Journal of Learning Disability, 47(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022219412436976
Marshall, S. (1995). Schemans in problem solving. Cambridge University Press.
Mercer, C., & Miller, S. (1992). Teaching students with learning problems in math to acquire, understand, and
apply basic math facts. Remedial and Special Education, 13(3), 19-35.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F074193259201300303
Mesler, J. (2004). The effects of cognitive strategy instruction on the mathematical problem solving of students
with spina bifida. (Publication No. 305179048)-[Doctoral dissertation, University of Miami]. ProQuest
Dissertations & Theses Global.
Montague, M. (1992). The effects of cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction on the mathematical
problem solving of middle school students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25(4), 230-
248. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002221949202500404
Montague, M. (1997). Cognitive strategy instruction in mathematics for students with learning disabilities.
Journal of Learning Disabilities, 30(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002221949703000204
Montague, M. (2000). Solve It! Strategy instruction to improve mathematical problem solving. learning
disabilities. Research and Practice, 15(2), 110-116.
Montague, M. (2007). Self-regulation and mathematics instruction. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice,
22(1), 75–83. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5826.2007.00232.x
Montague, M., & Bos, C. (1986). The effect of cognitive strategy training on verbal math problem solving
performance of learning-disabled adolescents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19(1), 26-33.
https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948601900107
Montague, M., & Dietz, S. (2009). Evaluating the evidence base for cognitive strategy instruction and
mathematical problem solving. Council for Exceptional Children, 75(3), 285-302.
http://doi.org/10.1177/001440290907500302
Montague, M., & Applegate, B. (1993). Mathematical problem-solving characteristics of middle school students
with learning disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 27(2), 175-201.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002246699302700203
Montague, M., Krawec, J., Enders, C., & Dietz, S. (2014). Effects of cognitive strategy instruction on math problem
solving of middle school students with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 34(4), 262–272.
http://doi.org/10.1037/a0035176
Owen, R., & Fuchs, L. (2002). Mathematical problem-solving strategy instruction for third grade students with
learning disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 23(5), 268– 278.
http://doi.org/10.1177/07419325020230050201
Ozkubat, U., & Ozmen, E. (2018). Examining mathematics problem solving processes of people with learning disabilities: thinking aloud protocol application. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 19(1), 155-180.
Ozkubat, U., Karabulut, A., & Ozmen, R. (2020). Mathematical problem-solving processes of students with special needs: a cognitive strategy instruction model 'Solve It!'. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 12(5), 405-416.
Pfannenstiel, K., Bryant, D., Bryant, B., & Porterfield, J. (2015). Cognitive strategy instruction for teaching word problems to primary-level struggling students. Intervention in School and Clinic, 50(5), 291-296. http://doi.org/10.1177/1053451214560890
Reid, R., & Lienemann, T.O. (2006). Self-regulated strategy development for students with learning disabilities. Teacher Education and Special Education, 29(1),3-11. http://doi.org/10.1177/088840640602900102
LD (2020, February 12). Cognitive Strategy Instruction. https://www.teachingld.org/practice-alerts/cognitive-strategy-instruction/
Zhu, N. (2015). Cognitive strategy instruction for mathematical word problem-solving of students with mathematics disabilities in China. International Journal of Disability, 62(6), 608–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2015.1077935
The Effect of The Modified Solve It! Strategy on The Mathematical Problem Solving Skills of Students with Learning Difficulties
The study aimed to find the following:
a) The effect of the Modified Solve It! Strategy on the problem solving skills of students with learning difficulties for transformation problems with one step addition and subtraction problems,
b) The effect of the strategy on the generalization of their problem solving skills to comparison problems with one step addition and subtraction problems,
c) Whether the students were able to use the cognitive and metacognitive skills after the instruction of the Modified Solve It! Strategy,
d) The views of the students and families on the Modified Solve It! Strategy.
The study was conducted in the Sincan borough of Ankara with three students with learning difficulties. The multiple probe design was used in the study. The data which was obtained was analyzed using graphics. As a result of the research, it was seen that the Modified Solve It! Strategy applied to students with learning disabilities was effective in solving mathematical problems of students.
This study was approved by the Necmettin Erbakan University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Issue: 03-2020/126)
Supporting Institution
No funding was received for conducting this study.
References
Aykut, C. (2013). Self-monitoring: 10 steps to implementation. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 14(2), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1501/0000000184
Case, L. P., Harris, K. R. & Graham, S. (1992). Improving the mathematical problem-solving skills of students with learning disabilities: self-regulated strategy development. The Journal of Special Education, 20(1),1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699202600101
Cassel, J. & Reid, R. (1996). Use of a self-regulated strategy intervention to improve word problem solving skills of students with mild disabilities. Journal of Behavioral Education, 6, 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02110230
Chung, K. & Tam, Y. (2005). Effects of cognitive-based instruction on mathematical problem solving by learners with mild intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 30(4), 207-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250500349409
Daniel, G. E. (2003). Effects of cognitive strategy instruction on the mathematical problem solving of middle school students with learning disabilities. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.
Erbas, D. (2018). Reliabilty. In E. Tekin-İftar, Single case research in education and behavioral sciences. (109-128). Anı Publishing.
Freeman-Green, S., Brien, C., Wood, C., & Hitt, S. (2015). Effects of the SOLVE strategy on the mathematical problem-solving skills of secondary students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 30(2), 76–90. http://doi.org/10.1111/ldrp.12054
Guzel-Ozmen, R. (2006). The effect of the modified mathematical strategy teaching on student with mental retardation’ acquisition of metacognitive strategy knowledge used in the written expression process. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 7(2); 49-66.
Guzel-Ozmen, R. (2011). Evaluating the effectiveness of combined reading interventions on improving oral reading fluency of students with reading difficulties. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 9(3), 1063-1086.
Jitendra, A. (2002). Teaching students math problem-solving through graphic representations. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34 (4), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F004005990203400405
Joyner, J., & Reys, B. (2000). Principles and Standards for School Mathematics: What's in It for You?, Teaching
Children Mathematics, 7(1), 26-29.
Karabulut, A. (2015). Effect of ‘Understand and Solve’ strategy instruction on mathematical problem solving of
students with mild intellectual disabilities. [Doctoral dissertation, Gazi University].Gazi University Campus
Repository. https://avesis.gazi.edu.tr/yonetilen-tez/acacfab1-8f26-45d9-986b-7629981db8c0/anla-ve-coz-
stratejisinin-hafif-duzeyde-zihinsel-yetersizligi-olan-ogrencilerin-matematik-problemi-cozme-becerisindeki-
etkisinin-belirlenmesi
Karabulut, A. & Ozmen, E. R. (2018). Effect of ‘Understand and Solve!’ strategy instruction on mathematical
problem solving of students with mild intellectual disabilities. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 11(2), 77-90.
Karabulut A. & Ozkubat U. (2021). Problem solving for students with special needs: assessment and intervention.
Ankara: Vize Academy.
Krawec, J. (2014). Problem representation and mathematical problem solving of students of varying math
ability. Journal of Learning Disability, 47(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022219412436976
Marshall, S. (1995). Schemans in problem solving. Cambridge University Press.
Mercer, C., & Miller, S. (1992). Teaching students with learning problems in math to acquire, understand, and
apply basic math facts. Remedial and Special Education, 13(3), 19-35.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F074193259201300303
Mesler, J. (2004). The effects of cognitive strategy instruction on the mathematical problem solving of students
with spina bifida. (Publication No. 305179048)-[Doctoral dissertation, University of Miami]. ProQuest
Dissertations & Theses Global.
Montague, M. (1992). The effects of cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction on the mathematical
problem solving of middle school students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25(4), 230-
248. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002221949202500404
Montague, M. (1997). Cognitive strategy instruction in mathematics for students with learning disabilities.
Journal of Learning Disabilities, 30(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002221949703000204
Montague, M. (2000). Solve It! Strategy instruction to improve mathematical problem solving. learning
disabilities. Research and Practice, 15(2), 110-116.
Montague, M. (2007). Self-regulation and mathematics instruction. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice,
22(1), 75–83. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5826.2007.00232.x
Montague, M., & Bos, C. (1986). The effect of cognitive strategy training on verbal math problem solving
performance of learning-disabled adolescents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19(1), 26-33.
https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948601900107
Montague, M., & Dietz, S. (2009). Evaluating the evidence base for cognitive strategy instruction and
mathematical problem solving. Council for Exceptional Children, 75(3), 285-302.
http://doi.org/10.1177/001440290907500302
Montague, M., & Applegate, B. (1993). Mathematical problem-solving characteristics of middle school students
with learning disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 27(2), 175-201.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002246699302700203
Montague, M., Krawec, J., Enders, C., & Dietz, S. (2014). Effects of cognitive strategy instruction on math problem
solving of middle school students with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 34(4), 262–272.
http://doi.org/10.1037/a0035176
Owen, R., & Fuchs, L. (2002). Mathematical problem-solving strategy instruction for third grade students with
learning disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 23(5), 268– 278.
http://doi.org/10.1177/07419325020230050201
Ozkubat, U., & Ozmen, E. (2018). Examining mathematics problem solving processes of people with learning disabilities: thinking aloud protocol application. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 19(1), 155-180.
Ozkubat, U., Karabulut, A., & Ozmen, R. (2020). Mathematical problem-solving processes of students with special needs: a cognitive strategy instruction model 'Solve It!'. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 12(5), 405-416.
Pfannenstiel, K., Bryant, D., Bryant, B., & Porterfield, J. (2015). Cognitive strategy instruction for teaching word problems to primary-level struggling students. Intervention in School and Clinic, 50(5), 291-296. http://doi.org/10.1177/1053451214560890
Reid, R., & Lienemann, T.O. (2006). Self-regulated strategy development for students with learning disabilities. Teacher Education and Special Education, 29(1),3-11. http://doi.org/10.1177/088840640602900102
LD (2020, February 12). Cognitive Strategy Instruction. https://www.teachingld.org/practice-alerts/cognitive-strategy-instruction/
Zhu, N. (2015). Cognitive strategy instruction for mathematical word problem-solving of students with mathematics disabilities in China. International Journal of Disability, 62(6), 608–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2015.1077935
Gencan, N., & Atbaşı, Z. (2024). The Effect of The Modified Solve It! Strategy on The Mathematical Problem Solving Skills of Students with Learning Difficulties. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 6(1), 238-252. https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1422832