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Avicenna on Place: A Phenomenological Approach

Year 2024, , 208 - 217, 03.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1467117

Abstract

This essay will address the following question: how did Avicenna, the follower and commentator of Aristotle, manage to achieve a more comprehensive account of “place” (makān) than Aristotle himself did before differently in Categories and Physics. This theory of “place” is also phenomenological, since Avicenna’s related works deal with the concrete phenomena of the physical world, thereby describing how place shows itself to us, illustrating the ways we understand through its relation to bodies. Rather than delivering the essence of place, Avicenna delineates the priority of place by expressing that every body that is in the physical world must be emplaced. In other words, there would be no world (ʿālam) without local places particular to the things placed in that world. This ontological power of place not only guarantees every body its “proper place” (that is, every thing has its own place by its very nature) but also describes how places must be filled with bodies (i.e., “thinged”), without falling into the error of identifying one with the other. A phenomenological approach to Avicennan physics, in this essay, will disclose that the power of place designated by Aristotle is strengthened in terms of its uniqueness and irreducibility, before giving way to the supremacy of space (spatium) in modern philosophy.

Ethical Statement

An earlier and shorter version of this article was presented on February 7, 2022, at Iranian Institute of Philosophy, Tehran, Iran, for the International Conference on Philosophical Anthropology in Ibn Sina.

Thanks

I would like to thank Dr. Esat Burak Şaman and Dr. Andreas Lammer for their questions and comments.

References

  • Al-Fārābī. Kitāb al-Maqūlāt - Kitāb al-Hatābe [Kategoriler ve Retorik. Turkish-Arabic Bilingual Text]. Trans.: Ali Tekin, Istanbul: Klasik, 2019.
  • Algra, Keimpe. Concepts of Space in Greek Thought. Leiden & New York & Köln: Brill, 1995.
  • Aristotle. “Categories” in The Basic Works of Aristotle, Ed.: Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 1941.
  • Aristotle. “Physics” in The Basic Works of Aristotle, Ed.: Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 1941.
  • Avicenna. The Physics of The Healing: Books I & II. Trans.: Jon McGinnis, Provo: Brigham Young University, 2009.
  • Avicenna. al-Maqūlāt [Kategoriler: Mekûlât, Turkish-Arabic Bilingual Text]. Trans.: Muhittin Macit, Istanbul: Litera, 2010.
  • Avicenna. Dānish Nāma-i 'alā'ī [Dânişnâme-i Alâî: Alâî Hikmet Kitabı, Turkish-Persian Bilingual Text]. Trans.: Murat Demirkol, Istanbul: Yazma Eserler, 2013.
  • Avicenna. Al-Najāt [en-Najât, Turkish translation]. Trans.: Kübra Şenel. Istanbul: Kabalcı, 2013.
  • Casey, Edward S. The Fate of Place: A Philosophical History. Berkeley & Los Angeles & London: University of California, 1997.
  • Descartes, René. “Principles of Philosophy” in The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Trans.: John Cottingham. Volume I. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University, 1985.
  • Lammer, Andreas. The Elements of Avicenna’s Physics: Greek Sources and Arabic Innovations. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.
  • Macit, Muhittin. İbn Sīnā’da Doğa Felsefesi ve Meşşai Gelenekteki Yeri [Natural Philosophy in Avicenna and Its Place in the Peripatetic Tradition]. Istanbul: Litera, 2013.
  • Mendell, Henry. “Topoi on Topos: The Development of Aristotle’s Concept of Place,” Phronesis 32, no. 2 (1987): 206-31.
  • Sorabji, Richard. Matter, Space, and Motion: Theories in Antiquity and Their Sequel. London: Duckworth, 1988.

İbn Sînâ’nın Mekân Görüşü: Fenomenolojik Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2024, , 208 - 217, 03.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1467117

Abstract

Bu makale şu soruyu ele alacaktır: Aristoteles’in takipçisi ve şârihi olan İbn Sînâ, bizzat Aristoteles’in Kategoriler ve Fizik eserlerinde farklı şekillerde öne sürdüğünden daha kapsamlı bir “mekân/yer” kuramına ulaşmayı nasıl başarmıştır? Bu “mekân” teorisi aynı zamanda fenomenolojiktir, zira İbn Sînâ’nın konuyla ilgili eserleri fiziksel dünyanın somut fenomenleriyle ilgilenir, böylelikle de hem mekânın bize kendisini nasıl gösterdiğini açıklar hem de mekânın cisimlerle ilişkisi üzerinden anlama yollarımızı gösterir. İbn Sînâ mekânın özünü vermekten ziyade, fiziksel dünyada bulunan her cismin bir mekâna yerleştirilmiş olması gerektiğini ifade ederek mekânın önceliğini betimlemiş olur. Başka bir deyişle, bu dünyaya yerleştirilen şeylere özgü yerel mekânlar olmaksızın âlem (kâinat) de olmaz. Mekânın bu ontolojik gücü sadece her cisme “kendi yerini” garanti etmekle kalmaz (yani her şey doğası gereği kendine uygun bir yere sahiptir), aynı zamanda birini diğeriyle özdeşleştirme hatasına düşmeden mekânların cisimlerle nasıl doldurulması (yani “şeylenmesi”) gerektiğini de açıklar. İbn Sînâ fiziğine fenomenolojik bir yaklaşım getiren bu makale, Aristoteles tarafından tasvir edilen mekânın gücünün, modern felsefede yerini uzayın (spatium) üstünlüğüne bırakmadan önce, eşsizliği ve indirgenemezliği açısından daha da güçlendirildiğini ortaya koyacaktır.

References

  • Al-Fārābī. Kitāb al-Maqūlāt - Kitāb al-Hatābe [Kategoriler ve Retorik. Turkish-Arabic Bilingual Text]. Trans.: Ali Tekin, Istanbul: Klasik, 2019.
  • Algra, Keimpe. Concepts of Space in Greek Thought. Leiden & New York & Köln: Brill, 1995.
  • Aristotle. “Categories” in The Basic Works of Aristotle, Ed.: Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 1941.
  • Aristotle. “Physics” in The Basic Works of Aristotle, Ed.: Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 1941.
  • Avicenna. The Physics of The Healing: Books I & II. Trans.: Jon McGinnis, Provo: Brigham Young University, 2009.
  • Avicenna. al-Maqūlāt [Kategoriler: Mekûlât, Turkish-Arabic Bilingual Text]. Trans.: Muhittin Macit, Istanbul: Litera, 2010.
  • Avicenna. Dānish Nāma-i 'alā'ī [Dânişnâme-i Alâî: Alâî Hikmet Kitabı, Turkish-Persian Bilingual Text]. Trans.: Murat Demirkol, Istanbul: Yazma Eserler, 2013.
  • Avicenna. Al-Najāt [en-Najât, Turkish translation]. Trans.: Kübra Şenel. Istanbul: Kabalcı, 2013.
  • Casey, Edward S. The Fate of Place: A Philosophical History. Berkeley & Los Angeles & London: University of California, 1997.
  • Descartes, René. “Principles of Philosophy” in The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Trans.: John Cottingham. Volume I. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University, 1985.
  • Lammer, Andreas. The Elements of Avicenna’s Physics: Greek Sources and Arabic Innovations. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.
  • Macit, Muhittin. İbn Sīnā’da Doğa Felsefesi ve Meşşai Gelenekteki Yeri [Natural Philosophy in Avicenna and Its Place in the Peripatetic Tradition]. Istanbul: Litera, 2013.
  • Mendell, Henry. “Topoi on Topos: The Development of Aristotle’s Concept of Place,” Phronesis 32, no. 2 (1987): 206-31.
  • Sorabji, Richard. Matter, Space, and Motion: Theories in Antiquity and Their Sequel. London: Duckworth, 1988.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medieval Philosophy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdullah Başaran 0000-0001-9789-7456

Publication Date June 3, 2024
Submission Date April 9, 2024
Acceptance Date May 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

Chicago Başaran, Abdullah. “Avicenna on Place: A Phenomenological Approach”. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, no. 21 (June 2024): 208-17. https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1467117.