Doğayı Sevmek: Doğa Etiği Üzerine Bir Tartışma

Abstract

Aşk etiği, doğayla aşk, sevgi ve saygıya dayalı bir ilişki kurmak için elzemdir. Bu ilişkiler genellikle insanlarla ilgili olarak ele alınırken, bu çalışmada bu ilişkileri AldoLeopold’ün Toprak Etiği perspektifinden inceleyeceğiz. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmada hayvanlar, topraklar gibi insan dışındaki varlıklarla olan ilişkimizi nasıl genişletebileceğimizi keşfetmeyi amaçlıyoruz. Ayrıca, NelNoddings'inekofeminist perspektifi çerçevesinde kadın ve erkek etik perspektiflerini ayıran bir yaklaşım olarak, önce bakım etiği ve AldoLeopold’ün arazi etiği ile birlikte kadın etik perspektiflerini tartışacağız ve böylece insanlarla doğa arasındaki etik ilişkiyi ele alacağız. Öte yandan, erkek etik perspektiflerini deontolojik etiği dikkate alarak tartışacak ve böylece bakım etiğinin pratik alandaki uygulaması için tamamlayıcı bir görüş sunacağız. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, kadın ve erkek etik perspektiflerinin birleştirilmesinin doğa etiği konusunda eksiksiz bir anlayış sağlayacağını savunacağız.

Keywords

• Aşk Etiği
• Doğa
• Aldo Leopold
• Ekofeminist Perspektif
• Erkek Etik Perspektifi
• Kadın Etik Perspektifi

Caring for Nature: A Discussion on the Ethics of Nature

Abstract

Care ethics is essential for establishing a relationship with nature rooted in care, love, and respect. Considering these relationships care ethics mainly considers them in related to human beings but instead of this view, in this paper, we will examine these relationships through the lens of Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethics. Accordingly, in this paper, we aim to explore the idea that how can we extend that relationship through non-human beings such as animals, soils, et cetera. Furthermore, regarding Nel Nodding’s ecofeminist perspective as distinguishing ethical perspectives as female and male ethical perspectives, firstly, we will argue female ethical perspectives alongside of care ethics and Aldo Leopold’s land ethics and thus we will discuss the ethical relationship between human beings and nature. On the other hand, we will discuss male ethical perspectives by taking deontological ethics into account as a complementary view for the application of care ethics in the practical sphere. Therefore, in this paper, we contend that combining female and male ethical perspectives will provide as a complete account of an ethics of nature.

Keywords

• Care Ethics
• Nature
• Aldo Leopold
• Ecofeminist Perspecetive
• Male Ethical Perspective
• Female Ethical Perspective

References

1. Baier, Annette. “The Need for More than Justice,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 13, (1987): 41-56.
2. Barbara MacKinnon, Andrew Fiala. Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2017.
3. Gilligan, Carol. “In a different voice: Women's conceptions of self and of morality,” Harvard Educational Review (1977): 481-517.
4. Kant, Immanuel. “Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals” in Classics of Moral and Political Theory, Edited by Michael L. Morgan, 944-984. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing, 2011.
5. King, Roger J. H. “Caring about Nature: Feminist Ethics and the Environment,” Hypatia 6, no. 1 (1991): 76-82.
6. Kohlberg, Lawrence. The Psychology of Moral Development. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1984.
7. Leopold, Aldo. “The Land Ethic” in A Sound County Almanac, Edited by Aldo Leopold, 201-226. New York: Oxford University Press, 1949.
8. Martin, Peter. “Caring for the Environment: Challenges from Notions of Caring,” Australian Journal of Environmental Education 23, (2007): 57-63.

9. Moellendorf, Darrel. “Climate Change Justice,” Philosophy Compass 10, no. 3 (2015): 173-187.
10. Noddings, Nel. Caring: A Relational Approach to Ethics & Moral Education. London, England: University of California Press, 2013.
11. Prakash, Sadguru. “Impact of Climate Change on Aquatic Ecosystem and Its Biodiversity: An Overiew,” International Journal of Biological Innovations 3 (2), (2021): 315-316.
12. Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 1999.
13. Schiemann, Gregor. “Contexts of Nature according to Aristotle and Descartes” in The Proceedings of the Twenty-First World Congress of Philosophy, vol. 5, Edited by Stephen Voss, Berna Kılınç, and Gürol Irzik, 65-71, 65-67. Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey, 2007.
14. Singer, Peter. Animal Liberation. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers, 2002.
15. The Royal Society. How does climate change affect biodiversity? Accessed 11 Kasım 2024. https://royalsociety.org/news-resources/projects/biodiversity/climate-change-and-biodiversity/
16. Sue Donaldson, Will Kymlicka. “Interspecies Politics: Reply to Hinchcliffe and Ladwig,” The Journal of Political Philosophy 23, no. 3 (2015): 321-344.
17. Will R. Turner, Bethany A. Bradley, Lyndon D. Estes, David G. Hole, Michael Oppenheimer and David S. Wilcove. “Climate change: Helping nature survive the human response,” Policy Perspective (2010): 307-310.