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Year 2020, Issue: 13, 202 - 215, 30.07.2020

Abstract

References

  • Aristotle, Aristotelis Politica, edited by Ross, W. D., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1957.
  • Aquinas, T. “The Nature and Domain of Sacred Doctrine”, Critical Theory Since Plato, Edit. by Hazards Adams, University of Washington Press, Florida, 1982.
  • Augustine, Saint, “On Christian Doctrine”, Critical Theory Since Plato, Edited by Hazards Adams, University of Washington Press, Florida, 1982.
  • Aubin, P. The Strange Adventure of Count de Vinevil. 2002. Blackmask Online. 5. May. 2002. <http://www.blackmask.com/books66c/devinvevildex.htm>.
  • Beckford, W. The History of Caliph Vathek. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
  • Braude, B. & Lewis, B Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire; The Functioning of Plural Society. New York: Holmes & Meier Pub. Inc., 1982. 1-25.
  • Craven, E. A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople. London: G.G.J. And J. Robinson Co., 1939.
  • D’ohsson, M. 18. Yüzyıl Türkiyesinde Örf ve Adetler. Istanbul: Tercüman Gazetesi Matbaası, Istanbul, (1981)
  • Dryden, J. “Annus Mirabilis” The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton & Company, Inc., 1986.1789-1791.
  • Faroqhi, S. Subjects of the Sultan: Culture and Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire. New York: I.B. Tauris, 1989.
  • Goffman, D. Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642-1660. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998. --- The Ottoman Empire And The Early Modern Europe: Cambridge: CUP, 2002.
  • Hobbes, T. Leviathan, From Reason at Work, Introductory Readings in Philosophy, Ed. M. Cahn et al., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1984. 169-181.
  • Hume, D. “The Problem of Induction, An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding”. Reason at Work Introductory Reading in Philosophy. Ed. M.C. Steven, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1984. 306.318. --- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion: Edit. By Selby, 02 October 2007. <www.gutenberg.org, 2003>.
  • Johnson, S. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia. London: A.J.F. Collins And University Tutorial Press, 1964. <www.gutenberg.org>.
  • Kabbani, R. Europe’s Myth of Orient. London: Macmillan, 1986.
  • Kaiser, T. The Debate on Turkish Despotism in Eighteenth Century French Political Culture. Chicago: The University of Chicago online source, 2000.
  • Knolles, R. The Generall Historie of the Turkes… London: Printed by Adam Islip, 1621.
  • Lewis, B. Islam and The West. New York: Oxford University Press, , 1993. --- Istanbul and The Civilization of the Ottoman, Empire: University of Oklahoma Press, Oklahoma1989.
  • Lewis, R. Rethinking Orientalism Women, Travel and the Ottoman Harem. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2004.
  • Locke, J. “An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding”, from Reason at Work Introductory Reading in Philosophy. Ed. M. Cahn et al., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1984. 292-305. -----1689, Two Treatises of Government, Peter Laslett (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Citations are to Two Treatises then treatise and section.
  • Marana, P.G. Letters Written by a Turkish Spy, Ed. Arthur Weitzman. New York: Temple University Publication, 1970.
  • Machiavelli, N. The Prince, Dover Thrift Publication, New York, 1992, USA.
  • Montagu, L.M.W. Turkish Embassy Letters. Athens G.A.: University of Georgia Press, 1993.
  • Montesquieu, C. S. Persian Letters. Translated by C.J. Betts. Middlesex: Penguin, 1973. <www.gutenberg.org>.
  • Ortaylı, İ. Osmanlı’yı Yeniden Keşfetmek. İstanbul: Timaş Kitabevi, 2006.
  • Plato, The Republic, Critical Theory Since Plato, Edited by Hazards Adams, University of Washington Press, Florida, 1982.
  • Rycaut, P. The Present State of the Ottoman Empire. Farnborough: Gregg International Pub. Ltd., 1972.
  • Said, E. Orientalism. New York: Penguin, 1984.
  • Online Sources:
  • https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-ethics-politics/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke-political/

Philosophy of Government and Oriental Polemics on the Ottoman Form of Government in the 18th Century English Literature

Year 2020, Issue: 13, 202 - 215, 30.07.2020

Abstract

Siyaset felsefesindeki önemli tartışma konularından bir tanesi iktidar sahibi idarecinin gücü ve otoritesinin kaynağı olmuştur. Antik dönem Yunan kaynaklarına kadar uzanan bu tartışmada kullanılan iki önemli terim vardır. Bunlardan bir tanesi tiranlık, diğeri de despotluktur. Her iki terim de iktidar sahibinin mutlak ve sorgulanamayan gücünü çağrıştırmaktadır. Terminolojinin tarihi ve teolojik kaynakları da bir diğerinden farklıdır. Tiran teriminin ilk defa Tanrıların soyundan geldiğine inanılan kralların iktidarına son vererek, onların yerine geçen Yunanlı idareciler icin kullanıldığını biliyoruz. Bu dönüşüm toplumdan bir insanın iktidar sahibi olmasına izin verdiği icin demokrasinin ilk adımı olarak da kabul edilir. Despot kelimesinin Aristotle tarafından “aile reisi” anlamında kullanıldığı kaynaklarda geçmektedir. Avrupa kaynaklı her iki terim Rönesans ve Aydınlanma dönemi aydınları tarafından da tartışılmıştır. Niccolo Machievalli, Thomas More, David Hume, Thomas Hobbes, Montesquieu, John Locke gibi aydınalr iktidarın sınırlarını tartışırken bu terimleri kullamışlardır. Bu tartışma edebiyat metinlerine de yansımıştır. Özellikle, 18. yüzyıl İngiliz edebiyatında şarkiyatçılık söz konusu olduğunda bu iki terim Osmanlı-Türk devletinin yapısını ve bu yapıyı oluşturan düşünceyi yansıtmak icin kullanılmıştır. Bu makalede 18. yüzyıl İngiliz edebiyat metinlerinde “mutlakiyetçilik” [absolutism] düşüncesinin Osmanlı Devleti ile ilgili tartışmalarda nasıl kullanıldığı açıklanacaktır.

References

  • Aristotle, Aristotelis Politica, edited by Ross, W. D., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1957.
  • Aquinas, T. “The Nature and Domain of Sacred Doctrine”, Critical Theory Since Plato, Edit. by Hazards Adams, University of Washington Press, Florida, 1982.
  • Augustine, Saint, “On Christian Doctrine”, Critical Theory Since Plato, Edited by Hazards Adams, University of Washington Press, Florida, 1982.
  • Aubin, P. The Strange Adventure of Count de Vinevil. 2002. Blackmask Online. 5. May. 2002. <http://www.blackmask.com/books66c/devinvevildex.htm>.
  • Beckford, W. The History of Caliph Vathek. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
  • Braude, B. & Lewis, B Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire; The Functioning of Plural Society. New York: Holmes & Meier Pub. Inc., 1982. 1-25.
  • Craven, E. A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople. London: G.G.J. And J. Robinson Co., 1939.
  • D’ohsson, M. 18. Yüzyıl Türkiyesinde Örf ve Adetler. Istanbul: Tercüman Gazetesi Matbaası, Istanbul, (1981)
  • Dryden, J. “Annus Mirabilis” The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton & Company, Inc., 1986.1789-1791.
  • Faroqhi, S. Subjects of the Sultan: Culture and Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire. New York: I.B. Tauris, 1989.
  • Goffman, D. Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642-1660. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998. --- The Ottoman Empire And The Early Modern Europe: Cambridge: CUP, 2002.
  • Hobbes, T. Leviathan, From Reason at Work, Introductory Readings in Philosophy, Ed. M. Cahn et al., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1984. 169-181.
  • Hume, D. “The Problem of Induction, An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding”. Reason at Work Introductory Reading in Philosophy. Ed. M.C. Steven, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1984. 306.318. --- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion: Edit. By Selby, 02 October 2007. <www.gutenberg.org, 2003>.
  • Johnson, S. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia. London: A.J.F. Collins And University Tutorial Press, 1964. <www.gutenberg.org>.
  • Kabbani, R. Europe’s Myth of Orient. London: Macmillan, 1986.
  • Kaiser, T. The Debate on Turkish Despotism in Eighteenth Century French Political Culture. Chicago: The University of Chicago online source, 2000.
  • Knolles, R. The Generall Historie of the Turkes… London: Printed by Adam Islip, 1621.
  • Lewis, B. Islam and The West. New York: Oxford University Press, , 1993. --- Istanbul and The Civilization of the Ottoman, Empire: University of Oklahoma Press, Oklahoma1989.
  • Lewis, R. Rethinking Orientalism Women, Travel and the Ottoman Harem. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2004.
  • Locke, J. “An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding”, from Reason at Work Introductory Reading in Philosophy. Ed. M. Cahn et al., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1984. 292-305. -----1689, Two Treatises of Government, Peter Laslett (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Citations are to Two Treatises then treatise and section.
  • Marana, P.G. Letters Written by a Turkish Spy, Ed. Arthur Weitzman. New York: Temple University Publication, 1970.
  • Machiavelli, N. The Prince, Dover Thrift Publication, New York, 1992, USA.
  • Montagu, L.M.W. Turkish Embassy Letters. Athens G.A.: University of Georgia Press, 1993.
  • Montesquieu, C. S. Persian Letters. Translated by C.J. Betts. Middlesex: Penguin, 1973. <www.gutenberg.org>.
  • Ortaylı, İ. Osmanlı’yı Yeniden Keşfetmek. İstanbul: Timaş Kitabevi, 2006.
  • Plato, The Republic, Critical Theory Since Plato, Edited by Hazards Adams, University of Washington Press, Florida, 1982.
  • Rycaut, P. The Present State of the Ottoman Empire. Farnborough: Gregg International Pub. Ltd., 1972.
  • Said, E. Orientalism. New York: Penguin, 1984.
  • Online Sources:
  • https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-ethics-politics/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke-political/
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hasan Baktır

Mehmet Kasım Özgen 0000-0002-3559-0333

Publication Date July 30, 2020
Submission Date May 23, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 13

Cite

Chicago Baktır, Hasan, and Mehmet Kasım Özgen. “Philosophy of Government and Oriental Polemics on the Ottoman Form of Government in the 18th Century English Literature”. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, no. 13 (July 2020): 202-15.