Hindutva Düşüncesinin Mimarı Vināyak Dāmodar Sāvarkar’ın Hayatı ve İdeolojisi

Abstract

Hindistan’ın modernleşme süreci ve bağımsızlık mücadelesi birçok etkili ve tartışmalı figürün öne çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu isimlerden biri de hem siyasal görüşleri hem de yazılı çalışmalarıyla geniş yankı uyandıran Vināyak Dāmodar Sāvarkar (1883-1966)’dır. Vināyak Dāmodar Sāvarkar, 28 Mayıs 1883’te Mahārāşṭra eyaletine bağlı Bhagur köyünde dünyaya gelmiştir. Politikacı, yazar ve aktivist kimliğiyle tanınan V.D. Sāvarkar, Hint milliyetçiliğinin önemli kavramlarından biri olan Hindutva’yı ortaya atan isimdir. Bu kavram aracılığıyla Hint kimliğini Hindu temelli bir çerçevede tanımlamış ve özellikle 20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren Hindistan siyasetinde belirleyici bir rol oynamıştır. Hindutva’nın tarihsel kökenleri, din ile ideoloji arasındaki karmaşık ve çok katmanlı ilişkiyi anlamaya imkân sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca Hindutva kavramı yalnızca siyasi değil aynı zamanda dinî ve ideolojik boyutlarıyla da Hint kamuoyunda tartışmalara yol açmıştır. V.D. Sāvarkar’ın düşünceleri, dinî kimliğin siyasal ve toplumsal bağlamdaki rolüne dair tartışmaları derinleştirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Dinler Tarihi disiplini çerçevesinde Hindutva’yı dinî bir kimlikten ideolojik bir söyleme dönüştüren V.D. Sāvarkar’ın hayat hikayesini ve onun milliyetçi bir kimlik inşasında Hinduizm’i nasıl araçsallaştırdığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Hindutva’nın dinî kimlikten siyasal bir ideolojiye dönüşümünü inceleyerek siyaset ve din ilişkisine dair literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır. Modern Hint milliyetçiliğinin dinî kökenlerini anlamaya yönelik bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Çalışmamız V.D. Sāvarkar’ın hayatı ve ideolojik düşünceleri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. V.D. Sāvarkar’ın hayatı ve ideolojileri nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak, konu kaynakları tarama modeliyle bir araya getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Dinler Tarihi
• Hindistan
• Hinduizm
• Hindutva
• V.D. Sāvarkar

The Life and Ideology of Vināyak Dāmodar Sāvarkar, Architect of Hindutva Thought

Abstract

India’s modernization process and struggle for independence gave rise to many influential and controversial figures. One such figure is Vināyak Dāmodar Sāvarkar (1883-1966), who made a significant impact both through his political views and his written works. Vināyak Dāmodar Sāvarkar was born on 28 May 1883 in the village of Bhagur, in the state of Mahārāşṭra. Known as a politician, writer, and activist, V.D. Sāvarkar was the person who introduced Hindutva, one of the important concepts of Indian nationalism. Through this concept, he defined Indian identity within a Hindu-based framework and played a decisive role in Indian politics, especially from the beginning of the 20th century onwards. The historical origins of Hindutva provide insight into the complex and multi-layered relationship between religion and ideology. Furthermore, the concept of Hindutva has sparked debates in the Indian public sphere not only in its political but also in its religious and ideological dimensions. V.D. Sāvarkar's ideas have deepened discussions on the role of religious identity in the political and social context. This study aims to reveal V.D. Sāvarkar's life story within the framework of the discipline of History of Religions, which transformed Hindutva from a religious identity into an ideological discourse, and how he instrumentalized Hinduism in the construction of a nationalist identity. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature on the relationship between politics and religion by examining the transformation of Hindutva from a religious identity to a political ideology. It offers a perspective on understanding the religious origins of modern Indian nationalism. Our study is limited to V.D. Sāvarkar's life and ideological thoughts. V.D. Sāvarkar's life and ideologies were examined using qualitative research methods, and the subject sources were compiled using a scanning model.

Keywords

• History of Religions
• India
• Hinduism
• Hindutva
• V.D. Sāvarkar

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